Three hundred ancient poems, book of songs, translation of war homesickness, annotation translation.
The bean sprouts were picked again and again, and Osmunda japonica just came out of the ground. I said I went home, but it hasn't come true by the end of the year. No wife, no home, everything is to fight with you. There is no time to live and rest, all to fight with you.
The bean sprouts are picked and picked, and the Osmunda japonica is tender. How depressed I was when I said I was home. It's unbearable to be worried, hungry and thirsty. The location of the garrison cannot be fixed, so people can't take letters home.
Picking bean seedlings again and again, the stems and leaves of Osmunda japonica are aging. Say go home, go home, October is already spring. There is no end to conscription, and you can't settle down for a moment. My heart hurts so much that I can't go home now.
What flowers are in full bloom? It's Tang Dihua. Whose car is that passing by? The general rides, of course. The chariot has been driven, and four male horses are tall and big. Who dares to live safely? Because there have been many battles in a month!
Driving four stallions, four horses are tall and strong. The generals sat in the car, and the soldiers hid themselves by it. Four horses have been trained very skillfully, as well as a bow decorated with elephant bones and a shark skin quiver. How can you not be on guard every day? It's urgent and difficult.
Looking back at the original expedition, Yang Liu Yiyi blew with the wind. Now on the way back, the snow is flying all over the sky. The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and I am really tired because I am hungry and thirsty. Full of sadness, full of sadness, who knows my sadness!
The appreciation of this poem describes such a scene: in the cold winter, it is raining and snowing, and a retired recruiter is walking alone on his way home. The road is rugged, hungry and thirsty; But the border is getting farther and farther, and the towns are getting closer and closer. At the moment, he looks at his hometown and looks back on the past and the present, but his thoughts are complicated and mixed. Hard military life, fierce battle scenes, countless times to climb to the top of the mountain, scenes reappeared in front of me. This poem is a reminiscence and sigh of such a battle-hardened soldier on his way home three thousand years ago. Its category belongs to Xiaoya, but it is very similar to the national style.
The whole poem consists of six chapters, divided into three layers. Since it is a memory on the way home, I will write it in flashback. The first three chapters are one layer, recalling homesickness and describing the reasons for being unable to return. The first four sentences of these three chapters express homesickness and yearning for home in a step-by-step way. Over time, this kind of mood has become more and more urgent and unbearable. The first sentence begins with picking the EU, but the EU is both prosperous and rich. Because Osmunda japonica is edible, the guards are picking Osmunda japonica to satisfy their hunger. Therefore, this casual sentence is a verbal prospect, reflecting the hardships of the soldiers guarding the border. The "picking Wei" of frontier soldiers is indistinguishable from the "picking flies" and "picking mulberry" of women in their hometown. Garrison is not only hard, but also long. Step by step, Wei Yeting Stop, Soft Stop and Just Stop vividly describe the growth process of Osmunda japonica from breaking ground to germination, to tender seedlings, and then to hard stems and leaves. Together with "the year can't stop" and "the year can't stop", it means the passage of time and the long-term garrison. At dusk at the beginning of the year, things change, "I will go back to my hometown", but I have not returned for a long time; For the guards who are always in danger, they have to "worry". The last four sentences explain why it is difficult to return to the garrison: being far away from home is because of the suffering of armadillos; Because of frequent wars, the garrison is uncertain; There is no time to rest, because there is no end to kings. The root cause is the "ghost cause". "History of Han Xiongnu Biography" said: "When (Zhou) became king, the royal family declined, and Rong Di invaded China. China suffered from it, and the poet started it. When I am sick, I sing:' It' s embarrassing to break the family and die.' " This can be regarded as the background of the work "Picking Wei". For the suffering of armadillos, ordinary people have the responsibility to guard the service. In this way, on the one hand, it is homesickness complex, on the other hand, it is fighting consciousness. The first three chapters are intertwined with personal homesickness and the sense of responsibility for going to disaster for the country, which are two contradictory and equally true thoughts and feelings. In fact, this also constitutes the emotional tone of the whole poem, but personal homesickness and sense of responsibility for fighting have different manifestations in different chapters.
The fourth and fifth chapters trace the tense life of marching operations. He wrote about the strength of military capabilities and the strictness of vigilance, and the whole article did this. Its emotional appeal has also changed from sad homesickness to passionate fighting. These two chapters and four sentences have the same meaning and can be read in four layers. In the first four sentences of the four chapters, the poet asked himself and answered, "the gentleman's car" is raised with "the wisdom of maintaining stability", which shows the unique pride of soldiers. Then two battle scenes are described around the chariot: "The chariot is driving and the four industries are fighting. I dare to decide, 1 I will be happy on March 3. " This generally describes the mighty military capacity, high morale and frequent wars; "Driving four stallions, four stallions. The gentleman depends on it, and the villain flies. " This describes in detail the scene of foot soldiers following the chariot under the cover of the chariot and under the command of the general. Finally, from the battle scene, the soldier's equipment reads: "Four rows of wings, like a fish suit." The horse is strong, well-trained, well-armed and invincible. Soldiers are ready every day, just because the armadillo is rampant. "Don't quit every day, there are holes and thorns in the armadillo", which not only reflects the situation on the border at that time, but also explains the reason why it is difficult to return for a long time. According to the description of military life in these two chapters, Mao Xu thinks that "Picking Wei" is a poem of "sending troops to defend" to persuade soldiers. This is inconsistent with poetry. Judging from the contradictory feelings expressed in the whole poem, the defenders have both homesickness and overall situation, and it seems that there is no lack of responsibility for the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, it is natural to recall yesterday's fighting life on the long way home.
The emotional theme that runs through the whole article is the sadness of homesickness. Perhaps the sudden snowflake woke the garrison, and he returned to reality from his memory, and then fell into deeper sadness. Recalling the past and caring about the present can't help but make me sad. "I left yesterday, willow, a.. I think about it today, it's raining. " This is a record of scenery writing, but also a record of lyricism. Individual life exists in time. In the context changes of "today" and "past", "coming" and "gone", "snowy rain" and "willow tree", the guards deeply experienced the waste of life, the passage of life and the denial of life value by war. Unparalleled literary feelings are new through the ages. After reading these four sentences, modern people still can't help feeling sad, mainly because they feel the deep feeling of life passing in the poetic realm. "Walking slowly, thirsty and hungry", coupled with the long journey home, dangerous road, insufficient luggage and hunger and cold, this imminent life dilemma deepened his sadness. "Delaying walking" seems to include the guards' worries about their parents and wives. In a few years, it is impossible to know whether you will be hired or not. When this kind of return comes, the fear of "now, approaching my village and meeting people, I dare not ask a question" ("Crossing the Han River" by Wen Zhi in Tang and Song Dynasties) will inevitably appear. However, in this rainy wilderness, no one knows and no one comforts; "My heart is sad, but I don't know that I am sad", and the whole poem ends in this lonely and helpless lament. Throughout the poem, the typical significance of the dominant emotion is not to express the feelings of sending troops to fight, but to separate individuals from the battlefield under the background of the war conflict between the retreating dynasty and barbarians, expressing the inner world of the defenders who have been defending for a long time and are worried about their way home, thus showing Zhou people's disgust and disgust at war. Cai Wei seems to be the originator of war-weary poems throughout the ages.
Appreciation of creative background II. The theme of this poem is serious. Because of its ferocity, the soldiers of the Zhou Dynasty were well prepared. As a garrison sergeant, the author, through commanding the generals, sent garrison soldiers to guard China under the orders of the emperor, describing the seriousness of the army and the hardships of life. The author's patriotic feelings are expressed through his hatred for you. It is also reflected in the description of their loyalty to their duties-the sharp contrast between "not eager for success", "not eager for success", "dare to settle down", "never leave" and extreme homesickness. The whole poem is supplemented by touching descriptions of natural scenery: the birth of Wei, Wei's softness, Wei's rigidity and softness, Tang Di's flowers, weeping willows, rain and snow, all of which set off the lives of soldiers, but they are homesick in their hearts. What is written here is the true thoughts of soldiers. Sad mood did not reduce the value of this article as a patriotic poem, on the contrary, it showed people's simplicity. The first part of the three chapters, in the form of complex sentences, repeatedly expresses the sad mood after a long separation from other places. The first sentence of these three chapters is "receiving the EU", which leads to the following. At the beginning of this poem, readers see the bleak scene of frontier life. We seem to see the defenders collecting wild vegetables on the hillside of the wilderness, missing their hometown after a long separation, and counting the date of going home ... The first two sentences of the first chapter are: "Pick the rose and the rose will stop." This is about spring, and the green buds of Osmunda japonica have just bloomed; The second chapter reads: "picking Wei, Wei is also gentle", and it is written that in summer, the leaves of Wei Cai are fat and tender; The third chapter is: "Picking roses is just finished", which means that in autumn, the leaves and stems of Osmunda japonica will be old and hard. From spring to autumn, Osmunda japonica is tender and old, and time passes mercilessly; The soldiers are thinking about going home. From spring to autumn, a year will pass. When can I go home? In fact, in the poem, the poet originally regarded the sudden changes of the four seasons of heaven and earth and the ups and downs of natural creatures as the witness and contrast of life. Therefore, xing is the simplest and most direct feeling that nature gives people, which has profound significance in understanding life. Therefore, in the posture of picking Wei, which is solidified in the memory of the guards, what we see is not only the cycle of the four seasons, the passage of time, but also the growth of missing and the trace of old life.
The first three chapters are intertwined with personal homesickness and the sense of responsibility for going to disaster for the country, which are two contradictory and equally true thoughts and feelings. This combination of heroism and sadness constitutes the emotional tone of the whole poem, but personal homesickness and sense of responsibility for fighting have different manifestations in different chapters.
The fourth and fifth chapters describe the tense life of marching operations. He wrote about the strength of military capabilities and the strictness of vigilance, and the whole article did this. Its emotional appeal has also changed from sad homesickness to passionate fighting. These two chapters and four sentences have the same meaning and can be read in four layers. In the first four sentences of the four chapters, the poet asked himself and answered, "the gentleman's car" is raised with "the wisdom of maintaining stability", which shows the unique pride of soldiers. Then two battle scenes are described around the chariot: "The chariot is driving and the four industries are fighting. I dare to decide, 1 I will be happy on March 3. " This generally describes the mighty military capacity, high morale and frequent wars; "Driving four stallions, four stallions. The gentleman depends on it, and the villain flies. " This describes in detail the scene of foot soldiers following the chariot under the cover of the chariot and under the command of the general. Finally, from the battle scene, the soldier's equipment reads: "Four rows of wings, like a fish suit." The horse is strong, well-trained, well-armed and invincible. Every day, the soldiers are ready to fight, just because they are really crazy. "If you don't quit every day, you are stubborn." This not only reflected the situation at the border at that time, but also explained the reasons for the long-term difficulty in returning. The colors of these two chapters are so gorgeous, with dense layers of flowers in Tang Di, handsome and upright horses, majestic generals, luxurious bows and arrows, and neat chariots. Here, there is a bold feeling of serving the country at the expense of blood and wine. The sadness of not being able to grasp one's own destiny in the cruel war and the deep yearning for the distant hometown are diluted here. Because when I fought bloody battles on the battlefield, it was precisely because there was such a beautiful home behind me, bearing my warm thoughts.
Technically, another feature of this poem is that it chooses the best angle, that is "on the road", which is the farthest and longest road in the world. Long enough to carry a war, long enough to fill a person's thoughts year after year, long enough to fill a person's life's joys and sorrows.
"I left yesterday, willow, a.. I think about it today, it's raining. " Let that lingering, deep and erratic emotion flow naturally from the landscape picture, with profound implications and endless aftertaste. These four poems are praised by later generations as the best sentences in The Book of Songs. This is the time to write the scene, which is more lyrical. These poems are a mixture of sad and happy stories, and they seem to be fables of personal life. Who once said goodbye to me in that spring, in the willows? And who was waiting for me when I came back from a narrow escape in the heavy snow? Is it the grand occasion of the wedding reception in Mulan Ci, or the scene of overgrown weeds during the Tenth Five-Year Plan? The spring when we left, the heavy snow when we came back, the seasons are changing, the time is passing, we leave, we return, what have we lost and gained in coming and going? There is no answer, only a lonely figure, hungry and thirsty, scorched by heavy acacia and anxiety, staggering and trembling towards the future he doesn't know in the heavy snow.
Snow fell in succession, covering the heavy door, and I couldn't help but lose my soul and thin Jiang Meiyun. The window is brighter, and it snows every day. I like the sunshine in Dongshan after snow, and the red light in Yinshan mountain. In winter, the wind is fierce, the snow is several feet deep, and the skin is chapped. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom. The sunset in the city will be different from the snow outside the city. Although it is getting colder and colder in spring, the snow is still floating. There are hundreds of waves in the vast sea and thousands of miles of snow in the mountains. Bo Xue in the corner, Qing Zi has makeup residual calyx. Snow used to be like flowers, but now it is like snow. The snow in the three passes is three feet thick, and the past is like a dream. Remember the past and make a loom for me. The stream is deep in ancient snow, and the stone breaks the cold spring flow. Snow shines on the mountain city, jade refers to the cold, and Qiang is in charge of the building. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to the eastbound ships during the trip to Chun Xue, the Great Wall and the Yellow River in Montenegro.