1. The types and writing methods of reading cards can be divided into:

First, index cards: each of these cards only records the title of a book or article. Explain which aspect of the self-study topic is included. Do not copy the original text, but only record the source and purpose in detail for future reference.

Second, excerpt card: This is a practical card for excerpting some important points, incisive discussions, wonderful sentences, famous sayings, arguments, arguments, formulas, theorems, etc. from the original text. Taking these as original materials can be cited for study and research, which are often key materials for solving major problems. When excerpting, each card has a topic, and the source must be indicated.

Third, experience card: This type of card is dedicated to recording the experiences, analogies, associations and imaginations that you encounter and think about during your daily reading and work. When your thinking is active and sparks of thought, you will immediately Write down your sudden ideas on cards and save them in categories for future organization, research and use.

2. How to make reading cards:

Step 1: Cut out rectangular cards.

Step 2: Write an inspirational quote in the center of the card.

Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions - Confucius

Skills come from hard work, but waste comes from play; success comes from thinking, failure comes from following - Han Yu

Learning If you don’t think about it, you will be in vain; if you think without learning, you will be in danger - Confucius

Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who love to know - Confucius

3. Learning Cards Advantages:

Scholars at home and abroad, both ancient and modern, agree that making reading cards is conducive to consolidating memory, increasing knowledge, accumulating information, and stimulating creativity.

(1) It is easy to grasp the key points, difficulties, famous sayings, exciting parts or important formulas, reasoning and conclusions of the content you read.

(2) It is conducive to generating associations and imagination, stimulating the enthusiasm of thinking activities, and improving the ability to analyze and solve problems.

(3) After accumulating a lot of materials, after classification, arrangement, combination and processing, it will change from quantitative to qualitative, resulting in information collision, causing people to associate and imagine, thereby discovering new problems and generating new ideas. After research, , you can form new understandings, propose new ideas, and enrich academic research results. My card has a word on one side, such as "book"

The other side is "book, noun, book". It is best to add phonetic symbols, the effect will be better! Seven categories of study cards to assist self-study

Study cards have various names, and the categories for self-learners are roughly as follows:

Directory cards are a book that contains The name, a chapter in a book, or the title of an article is written down in the form of a card. For most of these cards, because the books and articles are my own, I only write down a table of contents, and the detailed contents can be looked up at any time. This method is very economical.

The summary card can be as large as a book or as small as an article or a certain section of the article. After reading it, you think it is very valuable, so you record the main content on the card in the form of an outline. This is called a summary. Card.

The material card can be used to find some numbers, data, formulas, names of group members, historical events or other events such as the year, date, location and other information mentioned in the book or an article. Excerpt it on the card and make it into a material card.

Abstract cards can extract the key points of ideas, viewpoints, original materials, etc. related to your own study and research from books, newspapers and periodicals and make them into abstract cards.

Index cards list the relevant content in a book or article on a card in an extremely simple form and save it as a clue, called an index card.

Topic cards refer to cards used to record a certain issue, called topic cards.

Experience Cards: Our experiences, questioning of opinions, discussion of issues, etc. when reading and studying can all be made into experience cards. These thoughts are very precious and often fleeting. You should write them down quickly, and there will be new revelations in the future. However, these recorded ideas must be strictly distinguished from the original materials and noted, and must not be confused with each other.

The seven different types of card formats above have their own advantages and it is difficult to say which one is the best. In the specific learning process, it is mainly determined according to the nature of the material and personal needs. In most cases, it is used interchangeably or made into comprehensive cards. According to the author's opinion, in the early stages of self-study, abstract cards and material cards are used more, and when self-study reaches a certain level, experience cards and summary cards will gradually come into use.

When you are self-study to a certain extent, index cards and catalog cards are the most effective tools for quickly mastering the material you are studying. This is especially true for those who write essays.

Eleven principles ensure results

In the process of self-study, you need to master the following eleven principles to make cards:

Point to the content copied on the principle card It shouldn’t be too complicated, but should have a clear purpose. This "purpose" is the professional knowledge you are engaged in self-study or the determined direction of struggle. The collection of data should be carried out closely around this goal. Of course, peripheral knowledge (similar or related disciplines) other than professional knowledge should also be collected appropriately. However, be careful to distinguish it from professional knowledge.

The principle of optimization requires memorizing a lot of content, but if you accumulate everything aimlessly and want to copy more and more, you will not only fail to use it during review, but it will also waste time, manpower, and material resources. . Therefore, we must be good at analysis, remove the false and retain the true, remove the rough and retain the essence, be good at digging for gold in the sand, and capture those shining ideas, viewpoints and methods, and prepare them for me and use them.

The principle of value must be good at identifying the true value of materials. "The materials found may not be genuine." The materials you extract or quote must withstand the test of time and strive to be valuable in a longer period of time. It can be helpful and beneficial to your own learning.

Read and study newspapers and newspapers in a timely manner. You will encounter useful information at any time. You should copy it down immediately. Don't waste the "opportunity" to avoid forgetting and finding difficulties in the future.

Accuracy principle When collecting information, you must be serious and accurate. After the excerpt is completed, it is best to check it with the original text, especially the quotations and data, which must be correct, otherwise the use value of the data will be lost.

The principle of overall planning is to consider both vertical and horizontal aspects and make overall arrangements. The vertical aspect is to accumulate information that is conducive to in-depth research; the horizontal aspect is to collect information on subjects that are closely related to the field of study and the issues being explored.

Comprehensive principle In order to match the direction of your chosen efforts, you must possess as much as possible all the information related to a certain subject. When collecting information on a certain topic, attention should be paid to its completeness, and different viewpoints and evaluations should be extracted. This facilitates analysis and synthesis based on a large amount of material, and then makes discoveries, creations, and successes.

The key principle is to focus on the key points based on a comprehensive collection of information, that is, put more effort into the topic you are studying and the aspects you are interested in. The battle line cannot be stretched too long, otherwise, the key points of learning will be submerged.

Principle of seeking novelty: Frequently read various journals, magazines, reviews and abstracts. Collect materials with new trends, new perspectives, and new ideas at any time, and pay attention to adding new information. Especially those magazines with shorter cycles, such as daily newspapers and weekly magazines, are important information channels for us to grasp new developments, new ideas and new achievements. Pay attention to collecting information about contemporary peers and the advanced achievements of contemporaries.

The purpose of collecting data based on the systematic principle is to organize and classify the collected data according to its content and nature at any time to make it systematic.

The principle of persistence is used as a card. You cannot stop and do it. Fishing takes three days and drying the nets in two days. You must have a persistent spirit. A few pieces or dozens of pieces can't tell anything at all. Only after accumulating a lot, reaching hundreds or thousands of pieces, can clues be revealed. If you persist for a long time, your treasure house of information will continue to be enriched, and it will certainly provide a strong guarantee for your future research work.

There is no need to apply the above eleven principles rigidly when making study cards, but if you compare them from time to time when collecting information, then you will likely become a person who learns well and achieves something. people.

Two correct ways to make them

Although the cards are small, if you don’t master certain rules when making them, it will bring a lot of inconvenience to your future work and study. For this reason, at the beginning of self-study, you should master the correct method of making small cards. There are two ways to make cards:

One is to make them yourself. There is no need to be too particular about the cards, just use slightly thick, hard writing paper. Cut the cardboard into cards of the same size and punch a round eye on the side for stringing. If possible, you can also directly use special computer printing paper. This kind of paper is harder and thicker. It has ready-made round holes and can be used immediately after cutting into four. The card specifications introduced in some books are 125 (sheets) × 70 (width) × 0.3 (thickness) mm, which can also be imitated.

The other is a custom-made card purchased from a stationery store, with "category", "number", "title" and other column words already printed on it, which can also be considered.

The usual study card format requirements are:

The title should be written at the beginning, that is, what type of content the extracted material belongs to, and it can also be marked with a code name. 1. Fill in the "category": such as "famous quotes", "way to success", "learning to navigate", "science and technology exhibition", "art sea", "moral cultivation", "communication art", etc. 2. Fill in the "number": fill in the serial number. 3. Fill in the "title": There are two ways to fill it in. One is to fill in the title of the original text; the other is to write the excerpt's own proposition, which is mainly based on summarizing the excerpted content.

Extract the text in the middle. This is the main body of the card. When excerpting the text, you need to pay attention to the following three points: the handwriting must be clear; the essence must be extracted, not too long; and it must be complete. The copied content must be comprehensive and complete. No omissions, no excessive copying, and no alteration of the meaning of the original text must be made. Especially for foreign language literature cards, every letter must be written clearly.

Finally, indicate the source. If quoting from a book, the title of the book, journal title, chapter title, translator, publisher, year and month of publication, and page number (from which page to page the citation is taken) should be clearly stated. If the citation is from a translated work, the Please indicate the original work in foreign language). Show that the citation is reliable for verification. If you quote from a journal or newspaper, you should indicate the title of the article, the author, and the name of the magazine or newspaper. For magazines, you should write the year, volume, issue, and page. For newspapers, you should write the year, month, and day (or even the page). In the last line, the excerpter should indicate the time of excerpting.

However, there are still a few points that need to be emphasized:

First of all, the way of writing cards must be fixed. For example, you need to agree in advance on which part of the card the title of the material should be written; and the heading should be based on the classification of your own self-study subject. Several subcategories can also be marked in a large heading, which require learners to Self-study is based on reality and operates flexibly.

Secondly, titles and subcategories must have guides. If you have too many cards, use guides to sort them when placing them together. The guide can be slightly higher than the card, with the categories written on it.

Thirdly, after excerpting the card, write out the contents of "category", "title" and "number" in time for easy search.

Finally, it is important to emphasize that the source of the information must be clearly stated one by one, and no laziness is allowed. When some people study by themselves, they only memorize the content of the materials and omit or simply do not write the sources. If you miss these, you will not be able to check the original text when searching in the future, and all your efforts will be wasted.