Montessori defined class as work, children's work. Work is a manifestation of human nature. Children, like adults, will not feel uneasy about their work. Let them choose the materials they are interested in, operate by themselves, and explore, learn, discover, build and develop themselves in the process of fiddling. Analyze and integrate the incomprehensible mathematical knowledge and understand the logical concept of quantity. It brings the expansion of children's mental space, the stimulation of nature and the healthy development of life, which will have a far-reaching impact on children's life.
Montessori teaching AIDS set of 88 features:
I. Sensory education
1, training children's visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory and other senses;
2. Train children's discrimination and hand-eye coordination;
3. Train children's ability to observe and distinguish, and cultivate attention;
4. Establish a sense of geometric figures and freely puzzle;
5. Cultivate children's aesthetic ability;
6. Cultivate children's interest and curiosity in learning.
Second, mathematics teaching concretes and visualizes difficult mathematics knowledge through operational activities, making it easy for children to understand.
1, cultivate children's initial concept of quantity;
2. Cultivate children's logical thinking ability, understanding ability and judgment ability;
3. Add, subtract, multiply and Divison;
4. Learn the concepts of space and time;
5, learning conservation.
Third, language education:
1, cultivate children's reading ability;
2. Cultivate children's writing ability;
3. Cultivate children's listening and speaking ability;
4. literary appreciation ability;
5. Cultivate children's early reading;
6. Cultivate children's good ideological and moral qualities.
Fourth, scientific and cultural education:
1, cultivate children's love for science;
2. Cultivate children to master the method of understanding things;
3. Cultivate children's curiosity and thirst for knowledge;
4. Guide children to contact the surrounding world, enhance environmental awareness and gain scientific experience;
5. Learn national culture and cultivate national pride.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) daily life education
1, cultivate children to master basic life skills and develop good living habits;
2. Cultivate children's independence, autonomy, concentration, hand-eye coordination and self-confidence;
3. Guide children to learn polite language;
4. Cultivate the flexibility of children's large and small muscles;
5. Cultivate children's initial self-control ability;
6. Cultivate children's awareness of communication and cooperation;
7. Cultivate children's healthy emotions and emotions;
8. Cultivate children's initial sense of responsibility and promote their personality and social development;
9. Cultivate children's social adaptability, learn to do things and learn to live.
The 88-piece set of Montessori teaching AIDS includes the following teaching AIDS: 3 sets of daily life teaching AIDS, 23 sets of sensory teaching AIDS, 465,438+0 mathematics teaching AIDS, 5 sets of Chinese teaching AIDS and 65,438+06 natural science teaching AIDS.
First, sensory education teaching AIDS
1, sleeve cylinder
It is composed of four groups of cylinders, which can cultivate children's tactile and visual ability to distinguish size, height, thickness and depth, and cultivate children's logical thinking and keen observation ability on the arrangement order of cylinders; Holding a round handle can be used to hold a pen and prepare for writing.
2. Sound bucket
Each of the two wooden cases consists of six wooden columns, which are filled with different materials such as stones, sand, shells, rice grains and rice bran. Make different sounds when swinging, cultivate the auditory ability to distinguish the strength of sound and develop the muscle movement of wrist.
Step 3 form a triangle
It consists of five different triangular blocks. We can understand triangles by vision, and understand the geometric relationship and the concept of equality between triangles and polygons through the combination and decomposition of polygons.
4. Long stick
It consists of a long stick of 10 square. Through the discrimination of touch and vision, we can have a correct understanding of the difference in perception and develop the coordination of hands, eyes and muscles. Teaching AIDS for direct preparation of mathematics education (quantity, basic operation, decimal system, division system).
5. Brown ladder
It consists of 10 cuboids. Through tactile and visual discrimination, we fully understand the cognitive differences and develop the coordination of hand, eye and muscle movements. Understand the relationship between progressive and decreasing; Learn the concept of rectangle; Cultivate logical thinking order and attentive observation ability.
6, binomial
It is composed of eight wooden cubes and cuboids, which can cultivate the visual understanding of three-dimensional space and mathematical thinking ability, and can be used to calculate the square of volume (a+b).
7. Color block
It consists of three boxes of small color swatches, which are used to train children to distinguish color contrast, color sense and combination, with a total of 9 1 swatches.
8. Geometry panel
A wooden kitchen with a 6-story drawing board drawer, a wooden cupboard demonstration, 36 geometric panels and 99 geometric graphics cards help children intuitively understand the existing geometric graphics, develop hand-eye coordination, attention and observation, and prepare for plane geometry through the combination of muscle and touch.
9, trinomial
It is composed of 27 wooden cubes and cuboids, which can cultivate the visual ability and mathematical thinking ability to distinguish three dimensions, and can be used as an algebraic teaching aid for trinomial (a+b+c) cubes.
10, weight plate
It consists of six heavy, secondary and light boards and a wooden box to cultivate children's sense and judgment of distinguishing between light and heavy.
1 1, geometric solid group
Including cuboid, cube, sphere, ellipsoid, ovoid, triangle, cylinder, cone, triangular cone, quadrangular cone and 1 1 projection board equal to one side of the above geometry, so as to cultivate children's feelings about entities, know various geometric bodies, understand their characteristics, prepare for entering geometry and stimulate muscle feelings.
12, tactile board
It is composed of 13 boards with different rough and smooth surfaces, which cultivate rough and smooth touch and analytical and comparative thinking ability.
13, color cylinder
It consists of four boxes, each with a column of 10. It develops the concepts of visual recognition size and correspondence, hand-eye movement coordination, arm muscle control, and keen attention and observation.
14, pink tower
It consists of 10 cubes. Through vision, we can correctly acquire the knowledge of differential changes in three-dimensional space, understand the relationship between progression and descent, and cultivate the concept of cube, hand-eye coordination and muscle movement control, keen observation when accumulating height, indirect preparation for mathematics education (understanding decimal method) and logical thinking ability (sorting).
15, olfactory tube
It consists of 12 cylinders filled with various natural spices or different spices such as coffee and camphor. By smelling different products through the nose, let the baby know all kinds of smells in life and cultivate the ability of children to distinguish all kinds of smells. (6 groups 12 olfactory tube, 2 wooden seats)
16, iron geometry panel
Metal geometric panel is the direct preparation of writing ability. Practicing metal panels not only strengthens the grasping ability of three fingers and the coordination ability of wrist muscles, but also improves the proficiency of brush strokes through painting practice. Overlap and draw different geometric panels, so that the graphics change endlessly.
17, taste bottle
It consists of 8 drop bottles, which can taste various flavors and cultivate the ability to distinguish basic flavors.
18, temperature sensing plate
It is composed of metal, stone, wood and carpet, which can cultivate the feeling of temperature and distinguish the difference of temperature.
19, hand and eye adjustment throwing circle
It consists of five assembled wooden poles and five hemp rope rings to exercise hand-eye coordination.
20, round plate
It consists of 100 colored circles and can be used as colored badges and letters.
2 1, geometric pillar
It consists of 1 plug-in box, 3 cylinders, 3 triangular columns and 3 square columns. Can cultivate children's feelings about entities, understand geometric features, do color classification, high contrast, and sort.
22, three-dimensional four chess
23. Cylindrical ladder
It consists of 1 plug-in board and 25 cylinders with different colors, which can be used for color classification, high-low comparison and sorting.
Second, teaching AIDS for mathematics education
24. Count the sticks
It consists of 10 red and blue sticks from short to long, and 1 0 digital pieces from 10 to 10. The number stick is a teaching aid to express continuous "quantity". Know and understand numbers and numbers, remember 1 to 10, prepare decimal method and import numbers.
25, sand digital board
It consists of 1 long digital board from 0 to 9 and single digital board from 0 to 9. It is the preparation before writing to cultivate the understanding of numbers from 0 to 9 and practice writing numbers.
26, yellow beaded stick
It consists of 55 beads 10 beads. Understand the concepts of numbers and quantities above 10, and prepare for bank games.
27. Ingot box
It consists of 2 sorting boxes, 45 spindles and 10 digital blocks, which guides the concept of 0 and strengthens the geometric concepts of numbers and quantities.
28, gray beads
Be familiar with numbers, numbers and names within ten to prepare for learning subtraction.
29, black and white beaded stick
Deepen the understanding of the concept of quantity within ten and experience the concept of equivalent exchange, which can be used for addition and subtraction exercises.
30 solitaire games and dragon-fighting games
Practice the mixed operation of addition and subtraction to increase children's interest in mathematics and cultivate their logical thinking ability.
3 1, a multiple of 2
Composed of 7 pieces of wood, cultivate the concept of 2 times, understand the simple multiple relationship and introduce the concept of square.
32. Stamp Games
After children know the decimal method through bank games, they can enter the operation of stamp games, be familiar with the conversion relationship of numbers, and carry out a large number of four operations to cultivate their mathematical thinking ability.
33. Add and subtract board
The practice of addition with the maximum addend of 9 can be used to introduce the skilled addition operation, and can also be used to present the practice of subtraction with the maximum minuend of 18. Once familiar with it, it can be used to introduce subtraction mental arithmetic.
34, multiplication and division board
The multiplication problem with the maximum number of 100 can be introduced into multiplication mental arithmetic after proficiency; Practice the division of the maximum dividend 8 1, and understand the concept of average from the senses. After proficiency, you can import division mental arithmetic.
35. Scoring villain
It consists of four groups 1 wooden frame and 10 characters. We know how the integer (= 1) of1is divided into several parts as a preparation for entering a score.
36. Cube
It consists of 1000 cubic blocks with a side length of 1 cm. Learn the concept of cube.
37, three-dimensional bead curtain and frame
It consists of 1 frame and 55 strings of bead curtains (385 beads). Learn the concept of cube and prepare for multiplication.
38. Square bead chain
It consists of 10 bead chains (55 beads), which strengthens the concept of continuity of numbers with 1; Learn the concept of square; Prepare for multiplication.
39. Decimalization and banking games
It consists of 10 single bead, 10 bead, 1 0 disk, 2 1000 bead arrays, and1set of 45 cards. Understand the arrangement and composition of decimal methods, learn the exchange rules, and you can do four operations.
40, colored beaded sticks
Be familiar with numbers, numbers and names within ten, and make indirect preparations for learning squares and cubes.
4 1,1-100 continuous counting board
Children will arrange the active digital cards on a certain grid to understand the arrangement of 1- 100 and the continuity of numbers.
42, plug root plate
It consists of four allegro and 18 digital films, and can correctly practice the digital names of 1 1 to 19; Be able to master the arrangement of continuous numbers, understand the order relationship of continuous numbers, and understand the relationship of unit number 10; Consistency between learning quantity and symbols (numbers) representing quantity.
43 100 beaded curtain
Train children to practice continuous numbers in the range of 1- 100, be familiar with the decimal method, and cultivate comprehensive analysis ability and independent thinking ability.
44, 1000 string bead curtain
It consists of 100 beads (each 10 bead), so as to strengthen the understanding of logarithm and be familiar with continuous numbers and their order; Compared with 100 beaded board and 1000 cube, cultivate poor impression, strengthen knowledge of decimal method, and cultivate concentration and independence.
45, volume group
Understand the relationship between the whole and the parts, establish the concept that the volumes of different geometric solids can be converted, and develop children's spatial concept.
46, three times
Use objects such as cubes or cuboids to express the relationship between three multiples.
47. Numbers and chips
It consists of 55 disks and 10 digital cards with the range of 1 0 to 10, which helps children to understand the relationship between numbers and quantities and know odd and even numbers.
48. Digital puzzles
49. Add, subtract, multiply and divide local arrays
It consists of 10 colored beads. Count 10 beads at a time and learn to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
50, irregular platter
It is composed of panels with irregular geometric figures, which can identify geometric figures and exercise observation ability.
5 1, counting bar group
Learn the concept of 0- 10, and add and subtract within 10.
52, 1 cm cube group
It consists of a connecting ruler with a scale of 1 cm. Learn addition and subtraction.
53, color decimal bar
Learn the concept of 0- 10, and add and subtract within 10.
54, geometric plate
Understand geometry and lay a foundation for learning geometry.
55, arithmetic ruler
It consists of a ruler with a scale of 1 cm, which can be used for addition and subtraction.
56, according to the set
It consists of a balance, a weighing pan and colored wooden beads. Learn the relationship between quantity and balance.
57. Arithmetic Balance Group
It is composed of scales, sticks and colored beads, learning the relationship between quantity, addition and subtraction and balance.
58. Decimal group
It consists of 1 cm square, 10 connecting rod and 10 square connecting block. Learn decimal relations.
59, circular scoreboard
It consists of 23 round music sheets with soft colors and 1 double-sided nail board. Understand the music score, understand the relationship between the part and the whole, strengthen the concept of combination, and use two rubber bands with different lengths and colors on the back of the nail board to give play to children's imagination and creativity.
60, geometric ladder
Cultivate children's sensory education, understand the classification of geometry, the difference between plane and three-dimensional.
6 1, square platter
Composed of triangular, square and parallelogram building blocks, learn geometric figures and relationships.
62, the composition of the geometric disk
Through the area decomposition and combination of regular pentagon, square, regular triangle, rectangle and circle, learn the relationship between score and area.
63. Decomposition of Geometry
It consists of 1 wooden block and 9 groups of various geometric figures, which is the preparation for scoring.
64. Count
It consists of 1-5 color bead counting rack, which can be used for classification, assembly, decomposition and quantity learning.
Third, teaching AIDS for Chinese education
65. Two-letter sand table
Familiar with the spelling and writing of Chinese Pinyin.
66. Movable sub-box
Correctly judge letters and combine reading with recognition. There are 1 wooden box with 26 lowercase letters.
67. Sand painting
Know the stroke side.
68, pinyin structure practice
Practice the correct combination of Chinese Pinyin.
69, sandpaper letter board
To know English letters by touch and prepare for writing, there are 26 motherboards and 2 wooden cases, which contain large and small letters respectively.
Fourth, cultural and scientific education.
70. China map panel
Composed of 1 panel, know the location of China and the locations of provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and provincial capitals; Cultivate spatial thinking.
7 1, Asia map panel
Understand the location, names, customs and habits of Asian countries, and initially understand the spatial concept of geography.
72. World Map Panel
It consists of 1 group panels. Establish the concept of map, understand the position of the four oceans on seven continents from the map, and cultivate spatial thinking.
73. Active clock
Intuitively understand the composition of clocks and watches, understand the concept of events, and lay the foundation for watching clocks and watches in life.
74. Nine planets in the solar system
Composed of 1 panel, you can learn about the solar system, know the positions of the nine planets and cultivate spatial thinking.
75. Leaf cabinet
It consists of 14 leaves and a 4-story wooden kitchen. There are all kinds of leaves, plants and animals in the study era.
76. Plant cards
77. Animal cards
78. Bird panel
Cultivate eye-hand coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of birds.
79, ant panel
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of animal ants.
80, large blade panel
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of plant leaves.
8 1, fish panel
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of various parts of animals and fish.
82.tortoise panel
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of the beast turtle.
83, flower panel
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of plant flowers.
84. Horse board
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of animal horses.
85. Tree panel
Cultivate hand-eye coordination and independence, improve observation and analysis ability and concentration, and understand the basic structure of each part of the plant tree.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) teaching aid for daily life education
86, two fingers grasp
It consists of 1 socket board and 9 little people. Exercised the ability of grasping things with two fingers, and improved the hand-eye coordination ability.
87. Carpet (carpet)
It consists of two carpets, which are used to pave the way for the operation of Montessori teaching AIDS. (The thickness of each long section is 120*80*2CM)
88. Clothes hangers and clothes
It consists of 1 shelf, 12 frame and 12 clothes. Learn how to tie various ropes and buttons. Exercise finger flexibility; Cultivate self-care ability to adapt to daily life.