In October 1909, Fan Changjiang was born in Zhaojiaba Village, Neijiang County, Sichuan Province (now Tianjia Office, Dongxing District, Neijiang City).
Fan Changjiang has been learning literacy and reading from his grandfather since he was a child. He often imitates his grandfather's appearance and tone, shaking his head and reciting the famous saying of his ancestor Fan Zhongyan, who worries first and then rejoices later. In early 1927, Fan Changjiang, who failed to apply for the Whampoa Military Academy, entered the Chongqing branch of the University of China and France to study. The Sino-French Chongqing Branch is a school founded by Communist Party member Wu Yuzhang to promote Marxism-Leninism and cultivate revolutionary cadres. Fan Changjiang gradually accepted the anti-imperialist and anti-warlord ideas here. He actively participated in social activities and gave anti-imperialist and anti-warlord propaganda speeches on the streets with his classmates. After the "Nanjing Incident" occurred, Fan Changjiang participated in the demonstrations after the incident and fought against the reactionary warlords who suppressed the demonstrations. He became a wanted target of the reactionary warlords in Sichuan. He was forced to leave Chongqing and come to Wuhan. In order to make a living, Fan Changjiang joined the 20th Army Teaching Corps of the National Revolutionary Army led by He Long, became a student soldier, and followed He Long to Nanchang. On August 1, Fan Changjiang participated in the famous "August 1" Nanchang Uprising. After the Nanchang Uprising, Fan Changjiang was besieged by the reactionary Kuomintang troops and lost contact with the army on the way to fight with the army, and was transferred to Nanjing. In early 1932, Fan Changjiang came to Peiping and got a job cutting and pasting materials in the Mandarin Dictionary Compilation Office under the chairmanship of Li Jinxi. In the autumn of the same year, through his own efforts and the help of his friends, he entered the Philosophy Department of Peking University.
While at Peking University, Fan Changjiang extensively read books on philosophy, politics, economics, English, etc. to enrich himself and always paid attention to the development of the anti-Japanese situation. He often thinks hard: How to use correct philosophical ideas to serve reality? During a class, he asked the professor two questions: First, what should we do if the people across the country demand to resist Japan but the government does not? Second, a person is hungry and has no money, but the shop is full of food. Can he use it to eat? The answer is: This is not a matter of philosophy. Philosophy is mainly to understand the situation of various schools of thought, not to solve practical problems. The professor's answer once again made Fan Changjiang lose confidence in university education. He decided to walk out of his study and devote himself to the real war of resistance. At a time when Japanese militarism coveted China and the national war of resistance was unavoidable, Fan Changjiang realized from the political sensitivity of a reporter: Once China and Japan went to war, the coastal areas would not be able to defend for a long time, and the rear area of ????the Anti-Japanese War must be in the northwest and southwest areas. Therefore, It is necessary to inspect and study these places. In May 1935, Fan Changjiang began his famous trip to the northwest in the name of a travel reporter for Ta Kung Pao. He started from Shanghai and headed west along the Yangtze River. After a short stop in Sichuan, he passed through Jiangyou, Pingwu, Songpan in Sichuan, Xigu, Minxian in Gansu and other places, and arrived in Lanzhou two months later. After taking a short rest in Lanzhou, he went west to Dunhuang, Yumen, Xining, and north to Linhe, Wuyuan, Baotou and other places to conduct interviews.
Fan Changjiang's trip to the west lasted for 10 months and covered more than 6,000 miles, and achieved fruitful results. He wrote a large number of travel communications along the way, truly recording the hardships of people's lives in northwest China, and also made profound statements on issues related to religion and ethnic relations in minority areas; more importantly, his travel communications The book also records the true situation of the Red Army's Long March. What's even more valuable is that for the first time, Fan Changjiang publicly and objectively reported the Red Army's Long March in a realistic way. His sympathy for the Red Army was clearly expressed between the lines, and he was even not disrespectful. After Fan Changjiang's communications were published in Ta Kung Pao one after another, they aroused strong repercussions across the country, and the circulation of Ta Kung Pao increased sharply. Soon, when these communications were compiled into the book "China's Northwest Corner", there was a rush of readers. "In less than a month, thousands of copies of the first edition had been sold out, and re-orders were still very enthusiastic." In the following months, This book went out for seven more editions and became popular all over the country. After his trip to the northwest, Fan Changjiang returned to Tianjin and was hired as an official reporter by Ta Kung Pao. He successively wrote famous communications such as "From Jiayuguan to Shanhaiguan", "Bailing Temple War March", "Remembering Simon" and other famous communications.
In December 1936, after the "Xi'an Incident" occurred, Fan Changjiang resolutely decided to go to Xi'an, Yan'an and other places for interviews. "I am determined to go to Xi'an at all costs to find out what is going on in Chinese politics." At that time, Northwest Foreign Communications Completely cut off, Fan Changjiang took advantage of various personal connections and took the risk to fly to Lanzhou. He persuaded Yu Xuezhong, chairman of Gansu Province and commander of the 51st Army, to allocate a special military truck and selected several fully armed guards to accompany the truck to escort him to Xi'an.
On the evening of February 2, 1937, Fan Changjiang finally arrived in Xi'an amid wind and snow amid the chaos of the army. On February 4, with the assistance of colleagues from the Xi'an distribution office of "Ta Kung Pao" and the introduction of Shaanxi Provincial Chairman Deng Baoshan, Fan Changjiang came to the residence of General Yang Hucheng. In the midst of his busy schedule, Comrade Zhou Enlai warmly received Fan Changjiang, a 27-year-old Ta Kung Pao war correspondent who came from the Suiyuan front line and risked his life to break into Xi'an. After interviewing Zhou Enlai, Fan Changjiang gained a deep understanding of the truth of the Xi'an Incident and the Chinese Communist Party's propositions on peacefully resolving the Xi'an Incident, and clarified the truth.
At the same time that Fan Changjiang planned to publish a report on the "Xi'an Incident", Chiang Kai-shek, who had been released by Zhang and Yang and returned to Nanjing not long ago, presided over the Third Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang to discuss the aftermath of the "Xi'an Incident". situation.
"Ta Kung Pao" was shipped from Shanghai to Nanjing. The newspaper prominently published an article written by Fan Changjiang overnight - "The Overall Situation in the Northwest in Turmoil". The article was like a cannonball, breaking through the Kuomintang's The news blockade not only reported the truth of the Xi'an Incident, but also clearly conveyed the policies and propositions of the Chinese Communist Party's Anti-Japanese National United Front. It caused a sensation in both the government and the public, and people rushed to buy it. Chiang Kai-shek read Fan Changjiang's article. The content was completely contrary to the report he had made in the morning. He was furious and scolded Zhang Jiluan, the editor-in-chief of "Ta Kung Pao" in Nanjing, and ordered that Fan Changjiang's articles and personal information be strictly inspected from now on. letter. In order to have a deeper understanding of the situation in northern Shaanxi, Fan Changjiang asked Zhou Enlai to go to Yan'an for interviews, and he was agreed. On February 9, 1937, Fan Changjiang arrived in Yan'an, accompanied by Bo Gu and Luo Ruiqing, senior leaders of the Communist Party of China. In the afternoon of that day, the "Anti-Japanese Military and Political University" (i.e. Red Army University) held a warm welcome ceremony. Fan Changjiang met Lin Biao, Liao Chengzhi, Zhu De and others. In the evening, Mao Zedong met with Fan Changjiang in the cave dwelling where he worked. He made an incisive analysis of the nature and tasks of the Chinese revolution, the general line and general policies of the Communist Party of China at that time, and the anti-Japanese national united front, and suggested that Fan Changjiang He immediately returned to Shanghai and used the influence of Ta Kung Pao to promote the anti-Japanese national united front policy.
Fan Changjiang was the first person other than American journalist Edgar Snow to enter Yan'an officially as a journalist. Although he only stayed in Yan'an for one day, he felt deeply about the place. Fiery anti-Japanese sentiment. Fan Changjiang, who was the first to open the door to the Kuomintang's news blockade, published his "Farewell, Suiyuan", "Entering Ningxia", "Longdong Not Passed Through" and more than 30,000 words in Shanghai's "Ta Kung Pao". long-form newsletter. From these communications, the people across the country saw for the first time the great Communist Party of China and the hope of the Chinese nation.
In the process of reporting on the Communist Party of China, Fan Changjiang learned more about the Communist Party, saw China’s future more clearly, and became clear about his mission and tasks as a reporter. . On November 8, 1937, under the direct guidance of Zhou Enlai, Fan Changjiang, Hu Yuzhi, a pioneer of the Chinese cultural movement, and others united progressive journalists across the country to form the "China Young Journalists Society." "This is the predecessor of the China Journalists Association. This day also became the Chinese Journalists' Day.
In May 1939, under the strict surveillance of the Kuomintang secret service, in the "Zhou Mansion" at No. 50 Zengjiayan, Chongqing With Zhou Enlai as the introducer, Fan Changjiang secretly joined the Communist Party of China and designated a single line of contact with Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong. From then on, Fan Changjiang changed from a democratic patriot to a proletarian vanguard warrior. ranks.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Central Peace Negotiation Delegation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved from Chongqing to Nanjing. Fan Changjiang was named by Zhou Enlai and flew to Nanjing from the Central China Liberated Area to serve as the director of the press department of the delegation and as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. ***External spokesperson. At this time, he not only had to frequently release various declarations of the delegation, but also met with people from all walks of life who visited frequently, explained to them the policies of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and answered various questions, becoming the Chinese Communist Party's spokesperson for promoting peace. a window. On January 31, 1949, Peking was peacefully liberated. Fan Changjiang, then the editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, led a group of "news soldiers" and followed the vanguard of the People's Liberation Army into Peiping. He was ordered to take over the KMT's news units in Peiping and establish the first party newspaper after the liberation of Peiping - "People's Daily· Peiping Edition", Fan Changjiang became one of the founders and pioneers of journalism in New China.
When Fan Changjiang was preparing to publish the "People's Daily Peking Edition", Peng Zhen, secretary of the Peking Municipal Party Committee, called Fan Changjiang and others to a meeting. Peng Zhen said that the municipal party committee had just entered the city and there were many things to do and not enough manpower. , imagine that "People's Daily·Beiping Edition" will publish two pages in front of each other first, and then publish four pages in the future. Fan Changjiang and others believed that the Kuomintang's "North China Daily" also published four pages, and we were the winner. It should not be less than four pages in any case, and the capacity of the two pages was too small, and the content was too much to arrange. Changjiang also said that he was willing to issue a four-page military order: to ensure that the newspaper does not make major mistakes, to ensure that he only sleeps 4 hours a day, and to be punished if he fails to complete the task.
The team led by Yang Jiang is very young, but he quickly brought everyone together. He spared no effort in training young reporters and editors. When instructing their works, he strictly considered political thoughts, principles and policies, carefully considered the arts and sciences and logic, and wrote every word neatly. What he wants others to do, he must do it first. In January 1950, Fan Changjiang was appointed president of the People's Daily. Just when Fan Changjiang was famous and accomplished, the "Cultural Revolution" began. Fan Changjiang was brutally persecuted by the "Gang of Four" and was detained for a long time and tortured.
On October 23, 1970, Fan Changjiang’s body was found in a rural well in Queshan, Henan Province, where he was imprisoned. Although most media comment on the 61-year-old Fan Changjiang as "suicide", in fact, Fan Changjiang's death remains a mystery to this day. His wife Shen Pu is the daughter of Shen Junru.
The eldest son Fan Susu
The second son Fan Dongsheng was the first undergraduate student of the Journalism Department of Renmin University of China after the Cultural Revolution and is now the dean of the Changjiang School of Journalism and Communication at Shantou University.
The third son, Fan Xiaojun
The fourth son, Fan Xiaojian, once served as the vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and is currently the deputy leader of the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development, director of the Poverty Alleviation Office, and secretary of the Party Leadership Group. Fan Changjiang participated in the Nanchang Uprising and was the first reporter from the Kuomintang-controlled area to report on the Red Army. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was a war correspondent active in various war zones. Comrade Zhou Enlai wrote to him: "It is not only exciting to hear that you are carrying heroic battle news on the front line and returning with glorious scars. And it is very touching. "During the War of Liberation, he followed Mao Zedong to fight in northern Shaanxi and saw with his own eyes that Chairman Mao commanded 30,000 to 40,000 men and defeated more than 200,000 men under Hu Zongnan.
On January 31, 1949, Peking was peacefully liberated. Yang Jiang led a group of "news soldiers" and followed the vanguard of the People's Liberation Army into Peiping, becoming one of the founders and pioneers of journalism in New China.
At that time, he was the editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency and was ordered to take over the KMT's news units in Peiping and establish the first party newspaper after the liberation of Peking - "People's Daily Peking Edition". Comrade Li Zhuang, then director of Xinhua News Agency's Peking Branch, recalled: "Comrade Peng Zhen, secretary of the Peking Municipal Party Committee, called me and Chang Jiang and others to a meeting. He said that the municipal committee had just entered the city, there were many things to do, and there were not enough manpower. He imagined that "People's Daily·Beiping Edition" "First publish two pages, then four pages, and seek our opinions. Both Chang Jiang and I believe that the Kuomintang's "North China Daily" also publishes four pages. We are the winner, and it cannot be less than four pages in any case. , and the capacity of two pages is too small, and the content is too large to be arranged. Changjiang also said that he is willing to establish a military order for four pages: to ensure that the newspaper does not make major mistakes, to sleep only four hours a day, and to be punished if he fails to complete the task.
”
The team led by Yang Jiang is very young, but he quickly brought everyone together. He spared no effort to train young reporters and editors, and when guiding their works, he strictly considered political thoughts, principles and policies, He carefully considered the logic of literature and science, and even wrote the words neatly. In January 1950, Chang Jiang was appointed as the president of the People's Daily. At that time, the newspaper was experiencing a manuscript shortage. It happened to be a screening of the former Soviet film "The Great Transformation", which described the Battle of Stalingrad. Changjiang seized this opportunity and proposed that the newspaper office should also undergo a drastic change. He sent out all the people he could to interview and draft manuscripts. The loud slogan: "Win outside the newspaper." Many people were dubious about this decision, but Yang Jiang persisted. After a few months, articles came in one after another, and the work of the People's Daily reporter changed from passive to active. Jin Feng recalled: “At the beginning of 1950, Fan Changjiang came to the People’s Daily as the president. He held "flying rallies" from time to time, and often suddenly convened a meeting of all editorial staff to convey the opinions of central leading comrades at any time, criticize or praise a certain staff member, or ask everyone to comment on the day's newspaper, or ask some questions Let everyone answer on the spot. What impressed me most was that he suddenly asked some questions to a certain editor or reporter, which often left someone speechless, unable to answer, and very embarrassed. This made everyone very nervous, not knowing whether they would be targeted by Comrade Yangtze River today. In fact, this is a kind of on-the-spot examination for editors and reporters by the president, and it is a kind of strict professional training. The questions asked by Comrade Yang Jiang were not tricky and weird. They were things that reporters and editors should have known. However, this method was too special and sharp after all, and was opposed by some people. But he never criticized us new comrades. He only asked us to complete our reporting tasks well.
Fan Changjiang was quite rude to some veteran comrades who were tired from work, criticizing them for relying on their seniority to earn a living and not striving to make progress in their work. Some people are not used to his vigorous and resolute style, and are not satisfied with his sharp criticism. Maybe this is Changjiang's shortcoming, but it is also exactly his character. ”
Fan Changjiang also earnestly warned everyone to clearly understand the status and role of the People’s Daily in society. Every staff member of the newspaper must work hard and cannot just leave it “roughly the same”. Tao Fen runs newspapers and periodicals. How thoughtful and meticulous, not ambiguous at all, and it has been done for decades. Don’t think, “I did this in the old liberated areas, and I was praised at that time!” "You must know that times have changed, the environment has changed, and your position has changed. It was possible before, but not now." He also said that relying on the brand and status of the Central Party Newspaper to scare people is not enough. You must truly lead public opinion.
Fan Changjiang’s summary and summary of the basic rules of journalism fifty years ago not only played an important guiding role at the time, but also holds many views that are still outdated today. Real insights. He believes that “news is important facts that the general public wants to know and should know but does not know. "He pointed out that "news is the life and soul of a newspaper. "News must be facts. Rumors are not news. Thoughts are not news. They must be facts." "And "it must be new facts, representative facts. "
Fan Changjiang believes that journalists must have a sound personality. In today's terms, they must have high professional ethics. He said: "When times are difficult, journalists must be able to stick to the truth. , in the spirit of wealth and honor, one cannot be lascivious, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be surrendered. This is really very important. " He also said that if a reporter can work for a great ideal, it is worthy of "devoting his whole life to death." Just when Fan Changjiang was famous and accomplished a lot, the bloody "Cultural Revolution" began. Changjiang was brutally persecuted by the "Gang of Four" and was imprisoned for a long time and tortured. In 1967, Fan Changjiang, then deputy director of the State Science and Technology Commission and vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, was imprisoned on the charge of "counterrevolutionary". This marked the beginning of Fan Changjiang's misfortune.
In March 1969, Fan Changjiang, who was characterized as a "counterrevolutionary" and had been imprisoned for a long time, came to Lushan Forest Farm, Boshan Forest Farm, Wagang Town, Queshan County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province with the first batch of 500 people who underwent labor reform and received training and criticism. Zhuanglin District (the location of the May 7th Cadre School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences). Fan Changjiang spent nearly two years in this situation. On the evening of October 22, 1970, the criticism meeting against Fan Changjiang continued until late at night. Fifty or sixty meters in front of the gate of Queshan May 7th Cadre School is the vegetable garden where Fan Changjiang often carries manure for watering. Next to the vegetable garden is a well 7 meters deep and 1.4 meters in diameter. When they woke up in the morning of October 23, 1970, the supervisors of the May 7th Cadre School discovered that Fan Changjiang was missing. At around 7 o'clock in the morning, someone found Fan Changjiang's body in the well next to the vegetable garden. He was already floating on the water and was only wearing thin clothes. As for the cause of death, either he committed suicide by throwing himself into a well, or he slipped and fell, or something else, no one can tell clearly. There was not much reaction in the May 7th Cadre School. Around 10 a.m., supervisors called several workers from the Luzhuang Brigade Processing Factory across the street to fish Fan Changjiang's body out of the well, wrap it in plastic sheeting, and carry it to a mountain stream about 700 to 800 meters away from the cadre school. In the gutter, it was hastily buried. His death remains a mystery.
On December 27, 1978, a memorial service for Comrade Fan Changjiang was held grandly at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing to vindicate him and restore his reputation. Comrade Hu Yaobang personally presided over the memorial service.
Comrade Fan Changjiang once wrote a poem in memory of Lu Xun: "With cold eyebrows, he looks at all the tigers and wolves, but he bows his head and follows the cowherd willingly. The bones become stronger after layers of persecution, and the roof is frosted with all kinds of bullying. There are millions of unarmed soldiers. , Lift a piece of paper. Stick to the truth and fight bravely, and the torch will shine everywhere."
This can be the motto of our journalists who stick to the truth, be honest and upright. Starting from May 1, 1935, Fan Changjiang went south as a special correspondent of Tianjin's "Ta Kung Pao", passing through Yantai and Qingdao to Shanghai, and then westward along the Yangtze River to Chongqing and Chengdu, writing travel correspondence along the way. From May 10, he started working there Newspaper published. On July 14, he set off from Chengdu and began his northwest trip, which ended in June 1936.
In August 1936, he compiled the correspondence written during this execution into the book "The Northwest Corner of China" and published it. These communications revealed the crisis of Japanese aggressive imperialism. The corruption, darkness and misery of people of all ethnic groups under the Kuomintang rule. What is even more valuable is that this book objectively and truly reports the whereabouts and impact of the Red Army's Long March for the first time.
His communication works, with their unique style and far-reaching influence, provide new experience and new samples for our country's news and communication writing, and play an important role in the history of our country's journalism. Fan Changjiang Journalism Award is a journalism award established in the name of China's outstanding journalist Fan Changjiang. In 1935, our country was in an era of national crisis. As a special correspondent of Tianjin Ta Kung Pao, 26-year-old Fan Changjiang went to the poor and backward northwest for interviews. He saw the suffering of the local people and the hope of China. With great patriotic enthusiasm, he published consecutive communications that reflected the suffering and oppression of the local people, the rising anti-Japanese passion from all walks of life, and the persistence of the workers and peasants' Red Army in fighting, which attracted the attention of the people. Fan Changjiang also became famous in one fell swoop. Later, he worked hard for my country's journalism for decades until his death in 1970. He once served as the editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency and the president of People's Daily. He was also one of the founders and leaders of the "China Young Journalists Association" established in 1937, the predecessor of the China Journalists Association. Fan Changjiang is a well-known figure in the Chinese press. An outstanding representative, it is of great significance to use his name to establish the highest award for outstanding young and middle-aged journalists in my country and encourage journalists to explore the future of journalism.
The Fan Changjiang Journalism Award is the highest honorary award for outstanding achievements of young and middle-aged journalists in the country sponsored by the China Journalists Association. It is also a permanent national journalism award approved by the Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China.
This award has been held every three years since 1991, but since 2000, it has been held every two years.
In 2005, in accordance with the spirit of the central government's "National Literary Press and Publication Awards Management Measures", it was merged with the Taofen Journalism Award to form the Yangtze River Taofen Award.
A symposium to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Fan Changjiang
On November 9, 2009, a symposium to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Fan Changjiang was held in Beijing. Liu Yunshan, director of the Propaganda Department, attended and delivered a speech. Relatives and close friends of Comrade Fan Changjiang, representatives from his former workplace and hometown, some veteran journalists, executive directors of the China Journalists Association, winners of the Yangtze River Taofen Award Yangtze River Series, etc. attended the symposium. More than a hundred people gathered together, ** *To commemorate this outstanding journalist.
Chinese Journalists Association Chairman Tian Chongming, People's Daily Editor-in-Chief Wu Hengquan, Xinhua News Agency Editor-in-Chief He Ping, Deputy Director of the General Administration of Press and Publication Li Dongdong, as well as Comrade Fan Changjiang's relative representative Fan Xiaojian, and veteran journalist representative Yang Yi, Tang Limin, representative of Comrade Fan Changjiang’s hometown, and Luan Junxue, representative of Yangtze River Taofen Prize Yangtze Series winners, spoke at the symposium. The meeting was chaired by Zhai Huisheng, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group of the China Journalists Association.
October 16, 2009, is a famous modern journalist in my country, an outstanding proletarian news warrior, and one of the main initiators and leaders of the "China Young Journalists Association", the predecessor of the All-China Journalists Association. The 100th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Fan Changjiang. Fan Changjiang was born in rural Neijiang City, Sichuan Province in 1909. He pursued revolution and progress as a teenager and actively participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. In 1935, he went deep into the northwest region of China for investigation and interviews, publicly reported on the Red Army's Long March, and wrote classic works such as "China's Northwest Corner" and "A Journey to the Fortress". In 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China and successively served as editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, deputy director of the General Information Administration, and president of the People's Daily and other important leadership positions in news and publicity units. He made indispensable contributions to the creation and development of the party's journalism. obliterated contribution. To commemorate Comrade Fan Changjiang, November 8 every year, the day he founded the "China Youth Journalists Society", is designated by the State Council as "Chinese Journalists' Day". The "Fan Changjiang Journalism Award" named after him has become the highest award in my country's journalism industry.