Teaching objectives
1, cultivate students' self-study ability, and use text notes and reference books to let students read the text;
2. Grasp the characteristics of this paper, clarify the relationship between materials and opinions, and understand the author's thoughts and opinions;
Pay attention to the detailed and proper writing of this article and try to find out the exact language.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Key points: 1, master the content words and function words in classical Chinese; 2. Grasp the characteristics of convincing people by reasoning, understand the relationship between materials and opinions, and understand the author's thoughts and opinions.
Difficulties: Pay attention to the detail and appropriateness of this article, and try to figure out the exact language.
training/teaching aid
Multimedia teaching platform
Teaching content and process
1 class
First, introduce new lessons.
The ancients said, "My life is limited and my knowledge is limited." This famous saying hits the nail on the head: "It's never too old to learn". It tells us that only by continuous learning and lifelong learning can a person keep pace with the times and become a useful talent with the times. On the other hand, if you don't study and receive education, even if you are a child prodigy or a genius, you will become a mediocre person or even a fool with the passage of time.
Example 1: Zhang Shiming, a Malaysian Chinese prodigy, jumped from junior high school to freshman in American universities at the age of 12, and studied for a doctorate at the age of 15. After graduating from the doctor's degree, he was withdrawn, taciturn, mentally ill and eventually died young.
Example 2: Ningbo, a Chinese prodigy, can recite dozens of poems at the age of two and a half, and learned more than 400 Chinese characters at the age of four. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he entered the juvenile class of the University of Science and Technology of China and became a college student. However, he was unable to communicate with the society and others, left alone many times, and finally lost his position as a university lecturer and became a monk.
Example 3: Wei Yongkang, a prodigy born in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, mastered more than/kloc-0,000 Chinese characters at the age of 2, and began to study at the age of 4. He was admitted to the Physics Department of Xiangtan University at the age of 1 3, and was admitted to the Master's and Doctor's degree of China Academy of Sciences at the age of 17. However, he went home halfway. The reason why he dropped out of school was simple: he couldn't face the society alone.
Looking at these tragedies in prodigies, I can't help asking myself who created the tragedy of prodigy and how much heavy thinking this tragedy has brought to the world.
Fang Zhongyong, the hero of the text we are going to learn today, is a typical example.
Second, check the preview.
1, check the preview 1: the name is read and corrected by teachers and students.
2, check preview 2: proposed by students, teachers and students jointly correct. The students read aloud in unison.
(1) Zhong Yong/born for five years (2) borrowed from/with, that is,/wrote four poems, and/named them.
(3) His poems/have the intention of adoptive parents and family members; (4) Self-sufficiency/writing poetry by referring to things/achieving something, having both arts and sciences/impressive.
⑤ Spread/A Scholar in a Township/Watch ⑤ Class Zhong Yong/People Around the City.
I've been listening for a long time. I received it. I am virtuous and talented.
Third, a brief introduction to the author's works.
Wang Anshi: Zi, a native of Linchuan, Jiangxi, was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. (The eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi. This article is selected from the Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan. This article is an essay. Essay, that is, take notes at will, not stick to one pattern. It is a kind of prose. Ancient essays often use one thing to express the author's feelings or expound some views. Short and lively, the artistic conception is meaningful. The "injury" in the title of Shang means sadness and regret, which expresses the author's sadness and regret for such talents. This paper uses the word "injury" to point out the author's writing intention.
Read the text by yourself and get the main idea.
Q: What did Wang Anshi lament about Fang Zhongyong? Let the students read the text freely with questions.
(1) Students can read freely.
(2) Students read the text independently. Use the text notes and reference books and refer to the teacher's supplementary notes (you can discuss in groups of four) to grasp the main idea.
The teacher supplemented the text notes.
(1) Understand several words with special usage:
(1) "Four Books in One Book" This book: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and written.
(2) Japanese "Japanese banhuan is admired by foreigners": nouns are used flexibly as adverbials, every day.
(3) "The strangeness of local people": It is surprising that adjectives are used flexibly as verbs.
(4) "A little guest is his father" Guest: nouns are used flexibly as verbs, and ... are regarded as guests.
⑤ "The father is selfish": nouns are used flexibly as verbs, which is considered beneficial.
(2) Understand a few words
1 "adoptive parents" support: support. (2) One township: the whole township.
3 "Or beg with money" or: Some people. ④ Yi people: people from the same county.
⑤ The Return of the Native Ancestors comes from: Follow. 6 "previously heard": previously heard reputation.
All landowners "pawn for all" pawn: finally. G: Ordinary.
8 "so virtuous": (have) talent.
Pet-name ruby "peace for all" and: still. Attending "solid" solid: original.
(3) Understand the following sentences
① The ellipsis of "don't make learning" omits the object, that is, "don't make learning": don't let (Zhong Yong) learn.
② "coming back from Yangzhou" is an inverted sentence, and the correct word order is "coming back from Yangzhou": going home from Yangzhou.
(3) The ellipsis sentence of "receiving from heaven" omits the preposition, that is, "receiving from heaven": obtained from heaven or endowed by heaven.
(Students ask questions and teachers give directions. )
(3) Translate the text. Please say, pay attention to the correct meaning.
(4) Initial perception of the text: After grasping the main idea of the article, do we understand why the author "lamented" Zhong Yong? (Student answers)
(5) Read the text again.
Teacher's summary: This article tells the story of a prodigy who finally "disappeared from everyone", revealing the author's regret. So, what is the author's point of view in the article? What inspiration can we get? Next class, we will study further.
6. Homework: Read the full text.
second kind
First, check the preview and grasp the content of the article as a whole.
1, Fang Zhongyong has extraordinary talent. Where is it? Find out the original sentence in the text.
2. What stages did Fang Zhongyong go through?
3. What is the reason why Fang Zhongyong changed from a genius to a "silent person"? Answer with the original sentence. Do you have any original ideas?
4. What did the author say in the last paragraph?
Clear:
1, "I suddenly cried for it"; "that is, four sentences of books and poems"; "It means that things are poems, and their arts and sciences are considerable."
2. The first stage: I have talent since I was a child; The second stage: 12, 13 years old can decline; The third stage: in another seven years, he will become a mediocre person.
3. From Fang Zhongyong's personal situation, the reason is that his father "does not learn"; Rationally speaking, the reason is "not subject to people."
4. People with good talents have become ordinary people without a good education. Those people with ordinary talents can't catch up with ordinary people if they don't receive education.
Second, try to figure out the language.
1, teacher
Narrator: Classical Chinese is generally concise, and the language of this article is particularly concise. The first two paragraphs of the article describe the process and reasons why Fang Zhongyong changed from a prodigy who refers to things and writes poems to a "silent crowd". Only 158 words, no nonsense. Every sentence and even every word has its rich expressive power. For example: ① "Li Shigeng": The three words explain the identity and family background, which is the necessary foreshadowing for "I don't know the writing tools" and "I don't know the skills", which not only sets off Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, but also implies the family background that caused his fate. (2) "Cry": A word vividly describes the children's modality of asking for stationery in Fang Zhongyong.
Students are free to discuss and express their views.
Clear:
1, "suddenly", "namely" and "Li": Three adverbs make the image of a gifted and quick-thinking child prodigy come to life.
2. "Wonder Man", "Guest is his father" and "Begging for it": A few words set off Fang Zhongyong's outstanding talent from the side.
3. "Sun Banhuan was slandered by the local people": Only one sentence depicts the image of his father who is greedy for petty gain and ignorant.
4. "Don't learn": These three words seem dull, but they also point out the reason why Zhong Yong didn't succeed in the end.
5. The second narrative: only one "seeing", one "smelling" and one "asking" explain Fang Zhongyong's later changes and ending.
6. The end of the discussion: concise and profound, with rigorous reasoning.
The above is inspired by the teacher's summary. )
Third, questioning and exploring.
1. The title of this article is Shang. What is the specific connotation of "Shang"?
Clear: First, he was "injured" because of Zhong Yong's tragedy, but he was gifted at a young age but eventually "lost everyone"; The second is to "hurt" the sad generation in society who is greedy for money and short-sighted like Zhong Yong's father; Third, it "hurts" the bad mentality of city people who are eager to become famous, which is the profound meaning of the feeling that "those who suffer from loss will not come" in the article.
This article describes three stages that Fang Zhongyong can change from five to twenty. Which stage do you think is the most detailed? Tell me your basis. Think again: Why did the author write this stage in detail?
Clear: A detailed description of Fang Zhongyong's childhood when he was exposed; The reason is slight; The detailed description of this stage is intended to show that on the one hand, "Zhong Yong's general understanding" is indeed a "receiving day" with innate factors; On the other hand, it was in this period that the seeds of talent decline were planted, that is, "the father benefited from this, ……, instead of learning". Take Fang Zhongyong as a negative example to illustrate the importance of "the recipient", that is, the acquired education.
Fourth, experience and reflection.
3. How to understand the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient", that is, the relationship between "human talent" and "acquired education"? If you think you are smart, what do you feel and inspire after reading the article? If you think you are still a little stupid, what do you feel and inspire after reading the article? (Students speak freely)
Freedom of speech: Fang Zhongyong's idea.
1. There are some differences in people's intellectual development, but it is not the decisive factor, but the acquired education and learning.
It is not enough to have education the day after tomorrow, but also to make our own efforts.
3. What kind of environment should we create for genius?
There are many factors for success, including talent, acquired education and subjective efforts.
Fifth, expand and extend.
What is a genius? How to be a genius? Please collect famous sayings about genius.
1. There are geniuses there. I have been drinking coffee at other people's work. -Lu Xun
Even a genius who cries for the first time at birth will never be a good poem, just like an ordinary child. -Lu Xun's Before Genius
3. Diligence is a good training, and one point is hard work. -Hua
Intelligence lies in diligence, and genius lies in accumulation. -Hua
Genius is the result of long-term labor. newton
6. Genius refers to unusual patience. Leo Tolstoy
7. Without crazy energy, there is no genius. -Senev
8. Very simple and clear-this is the most amazing quality of genius wisdom. Chernyshevski
9. Genius has as many weaknesses as ordinary people, perhaps more. -romain rolland
10, genius works, genius creation. Robert Schumann
1 1. Dissatisfaction with yourself is one of the fundamental characteristics of any truly talented person. -Chekhov
12, suffering is a stepping stone to genius. -Balzac
Genius is 99% sweat and 1% inspiration. -Einstein
Sixth, the teacher summed it up.
This article explains the relationship between talent and acquired talent through the story that Fang Zhongyong can only develop and change when he is 5 to 20 years old. From this perspective, the key to human growth lies in accepting acquired learning and improving one's own quality. A gifted child prodigy like Fang Zhongyong did not study and eventually became an ordinary person. Ordinary people like us should study harder, otherwise I'm afraid we can't be ordinary people. The teacher gave you Einstein's famous saying in Tokyo: "Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% sweat". I hope you cherish the opportunity to study, study hard and become a useful person to the country and society when you grow up.
6. Homework: Complete the relevant contents in the workbook.
Teaching reflection