The view of human nature in psychoanalysis is the theory of evil nature. Freud believed that humans are irrational like animals and have various instincts and subconscious drives; this instinct and drive are human The motivation for behavior is that they pursue the satisfaction of physiological needs in accordance with the principle of pleasure. It is the satisfaction of this need that causes people to show "evil" such as sexual desire, aggression, cruelty, and destruction of others and themselves.

The view of human nature is the basic view and perspective on human nature. Different views of human nature lead to different theories and practices based on this. From the perspective of the theory and practice of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, The three major psychological schools of behaviorism and humanism have very different views on human nature, so it is inevitable that their theoretical models of psychotherapy will be different and have their own characteristics.

The basic theoretical assumption of behaviorism is that the mind of animals and humans is actually a blank slate, and their behavioral experience is completely acquired. There are no individual differences between organisms, and even if they exist, they are not important. of.

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Behaviorism determines the research object of psychology as behavior that can be observed externally, and insists on using objective experimental methods to study the behavior of humans and animals. It is psychology It has acquired the same objectivity as other natural sciences, thus possessing the characteristics of natural science in terms of research objects and research methods. Before the emergence of behaviorism, the research object of psychology was limited to consciousness;

For example, constructivism is mainly engaged in the analysis and research of consciousness, and the conclusions obtained are obviously subjective. Although functionalism has limited research objects and There have been certain improvements in methods, but many vague terms are still retained, and the subjectivity is still very strong.

This kind of subjective analytical research can only make psychology exist on the margins of philosophy. Behaviorism replaces subjective consciousness with objective behavior and replaces introspection with experimental methods. This allows the mind to obtain more objective research results and is also conducive to the development of psychology.