"Though Chu has three households, if Qin is overthrown by Chu," this sentence can be said to be a well-known saying. It is the origin of the idiom "Three households will perish Qin". The general idea is: Even if there are only three clans left in Chu State, Qin State can be destroyed. When the Qin Dynasty was overthrown, Fan Zeng lobbied Xiang Liang and told him that when Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, the Chu State was the most innocent. King Huai of Chu was deceived into the Qin State and never returned. He uttered the famous saying of the Qin Dynasty, "Although there are only three households in Chu, Chu will definitely destroy Qin", which means: "Even if there are only three households in Chu, it will be Chu who destroys Qin."

The "three households" in "Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu will surely die" does not mean three households, nor does it mean several households or several people. "Three households of Chu" refers to the three clans of Chu State. The royal family of Chu State is surnamed Mi, and its own branch is Xiong. It is also divided into three clans: Zhao (Zhaoyang), Qu (Qu Yuan) and Jing (Jingcha). The three households are Qu, Jing, and Zhao, the three major clans of Chu. This famous saying is a metaphor that even if we are weak, we can succeed together. It represents a firm belief, not afraid of violence, and rising up to overthrow the rule of the Qin Dynasty. It played a certain propaganda and agitation role in the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty.

Although "Chu has three households, Chu will destroy Qin". Although it is just a famous saying of the times to resist Qin's rule, in addition to representing a firm belief, it is also incredibly consistent with the historical development process. In the ninth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (298 BC), the Qin army came out of Wuguan to attack Chu, beheaded 50,000 people from Chu, and captured sixteen cities. King Zhaoxiang of Qin made an appointment with King Huai of Chu to meet in Wuguan, and King Xiong Huai of Chu Huai went to the appointment. After that, King Qin Zhaoxiang He broke his promise and detained King Chu Huai, forcing Chu State to cede territory to save his life. King Chu Huai refused, and was imprisoned by Qin State until his death.

The incident of King Qin Zhaoxiang detaining King Chu Huai directly caused the relationship between Qin and Chu to completely collapse. During the period when King Chu Huai was detained by Qin, Chu State established Prince Xiong Heng as king, who was Chu Qingxiang. King Huai of Chu eventually became depressed and fell ill, and died in Xianyang. Although his body was sent back to Chu, the people of Chu were very sad. When King Huai of Chu died in Qin, Nan Gong of Chu said: "Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu will definitely die." This famous saying finally confirmed the prophecy extremely accurately.

In fact, it was Xiang Yu who finally overthrew the Qin Dynasty. Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, led his army into Xianyang and killed Prince Qin Ying. The cause of the overthrow of Qin started in Chu and finally ended in Chu. Chu. The Qin State's practice of imprisoning King Huai of Chu was also opposed by the vassal states at that time. A majestic king of a great country was abducted by another Qin State and imprisoned in a foreign country for three years. However, King Huai of Chu He never lost his integrity, did not let down the country, and died miserably in the enemy's country. He also won the respect of future generations, so much so that the later rebels against Qin liked to use the banner of Chu.

"Historical Records·The Chronicles of Xiang Yu" records: "Fan Zeng, a seventy-year-old native of Juhu, lived at home and was curious about his plans. He went to Xiang Liang and said: "Chen's victory is certain. When Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, Chu was the most innocent. Since King Huai entered Qin, he has not rebelled, and the people of Chu have pitied him to this day. Therefore, Duke Nan of Chu said, "Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, it will be Chu." ”

“Although Chu has three households, the fall of Qin must be Chu.” This famous saying comes from the "Historical Records of Xiang Yu" written by Ma Qian of the Taishi Company. It is recorded in the "Historical Records of Xiang Yu" that Fan Zeng was a Juhuan and did not work at home. Fan Zeng was seventy years old when Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted, and he began to participate in the uprising against Qin. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were unable to reach their destination due to heavy rain. According to the law of the Qin Dynasty, they were beheaded. In a desperate situation. Afterwards, the two men led the garrison soldiers to kill the officials escorting the garrison soldiers, and launched a mutiny. In history, there was the "Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising". Because the uprising took place in Daze Township, it was also called the "Daze Township Uprising".

The Dazexiang Uprising kicked off the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. All regions responded one after another. The aristocrats of the original six countries also began to restore the country. Some people from Chu State also participated in the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. Xiang surnamed Jiangmen for generations. Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu, the sons of the famous Chu general Xiang Yan, participated in the uprising. They killed the prefect of Kuaiji County and called on the remaining people of Chu to start revolting against Qin. After Xiang Liang led his troops from Kuaiji to cross the river. , became the main force in the anti-Qin struggle. Seventy-year-old Fan Zeng went to Xiang Liang, hoping to contribute his wisdom to the anti-Qin cause in his lifetime.

At this time, Chen Sheng had been killed, and the banner of Chu was raised. After falling, Fan Zeng said to Xiang Liang that the failure of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising was deserved. When Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, Chu was the most innocent. Since King Huai of Chu was deceived and detained by Qin and did not return, the people of Chu She still sympathized with him, and Duke Nan of Chu also said that even if there were only three families left in Chu, it would be Chu who would destroy Qin. Now Chen Sheng rebelled, but instead of establishing the descendants of Chu, he established himself as king. Luck will not last long. Now that Xiang Liang is revolting, there are so many soldiers following him because Xiang has been a general of Chu for generations, and he will definitely be able to reestablish Chu's descendants as kings.

Xiang Liang believes that Fan Zeng. It made sense, so he began to look for the descendants of King Huai of Chu. Later, he found Xiong Xin, the grandson of King Huai of Chu. Xiang Liang used his grandfather's posthumous title to make Xiong Xin King of Chu Huai. In compliance with the wishes of the people of Chu, he founded the Chu State. After gaining the support of the Chu people, Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu also became stronger. Later, Xiang Liang was attacked by the famous Qin general Zhang Han during the uprising, and finally fought in Dingtao. He was defeated and died. After Xiang Liang's death, Xiang Liang's nephew Xiang Yu killed the Chu State's general Song Yi, which shocked the Chu State. Xiong Xin was forced to appoint Xiang Yu as the general, and Xiang Yu began to lead the Chu State's uprising army.

Xiang Yu began to fight against the Qin army, rescuing Zhao to break the siege of Julu, and then broke into a boat to defeat the Qin army. The famous general Zhang Han of the Qin army was defeated, and then went north to attack Qin's army in the north. , the northern army led by Xiang Yu and Wang Li was defeated, and Wang Li was captured. The Qin army was beaten to the point where it could no longer cheer up. After this battle, when Xiang Yu met with various princes, none of the princes dared to look at Xiang Yu. From then on, , Xiang Yu truly became the general of the princes, and all princes were subordinate to him. Later Zhang Han surrendered to Xiang Yu, who made Zhang Han King Yong. Xiang Yu later killed 200,000 Qin troops.

At this time, Xiang Yu had eliminated the main force of the Qin Dynasty and led the princes' troops to advance towards Guanzhong. However, Liu Bang had already entered Guanzhong, and Prince Qin Ying also surrendered to Liu Bang. Liu Bang regarded himself as the "King of Guanzhong". When Xiang Yu learned about it, he was furious and ordered the Hangu Pass to be breached. After that, the "Hongmen Banquet" took place. Liu Bang showed that he had no ambition to compete with Xiang Yu for the throne and ultimately escaped with his life. Xiang Yu then led his troops westward into Xianyang, and began to burn Epang Palace and kill Qin Prince Ying. In the end, the Qin Dynasty was overthrown, in line with the saying "Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu will surely die."

The "three households" of the Chu State are the three surnames of Zhao, Qu and Jing. The surnames of the Chu royal family are Mi and Xiong. The three surnames of Zhao, Qu and Jing are the branches of the Xiong surname of the Chu royal family. , Qu family and Jing family are the duke clans of Chu State. The ancestors of the royal family of the Chu Kingdom originally had the surname Mi [mǐ], and were descendants of the Mi Kingdom. Their ancestor was Ji Lian. Ji Lian’s descendants, Fan (yu) Xiong, were the ancestors of Chu. Wu Xiong was the chief of the Ji Lian tribe with the Mi surname. According to records, All the Chu kings below Wan Xiong took Xiong as their surname. Later, at the end of the Shang Dynasty, Wu Xiong served as a teacher and helped Ji Chang raise an army to destroy the Shang Dynasty, and then successfully overthrew the Shang Dynasty. During the period of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng was grateful for Wan Xiong's contribution and made Xiong Yi, Wan Xiong's great-grandson, a viscount. Xiong Yi, the leader of the Chu people, established the Chu State.

As for the origin of the name of the state of Chu, according to the record of Chu's ancestor Wan Xiong in "Chu Ju", Wan Xiong's wife Yanli had a difficult delivery when she gave birth to Xiong Li. She died after a caesarean section and Xiong Li died. Survive. After Yan Li died, the wizard wrapped his abdomen with "Chu" (wattle sticks) and buried him. In order to commemorate her, later generations called their country "Chu". Wu Xiong was the earliest founder of Chu State. The Chu people later appreciated his contribution and worshiped him as an ancestor just like Zhu Rong.

The State of Chu began to rise during the Spring and Autumn Period during the period of King Xiong Yun of Chu Cheng. During the period of King Wu of Chu Xiong Tong, because Xiong Tong pursued an iron-fisted policy and dared to act boldly, Chu State began to become strong and prosperous. King Wu of Chu was one of the three little tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. During the period of King Xionglu of Chuzhuang, because Xionglu attached great importance to social production, developed the economy, and enriched the national strength, Chu State reached its peak era, and King Chuzhuang was one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. The Kingdom of Chu entered its most prosperous period during the period of King Xuan of Chu Xiong Liangfu and King of Chu Wei Xiong Shang. King Huai of Chu's country declined due to improper employment and fraud by Qin Prime Minister Zhang Yi.

Generally, only the Xiong family can use the lineage of the kings of Chu State. The Qu, Jing, and Zhao clans are respectively derived from King Wu of Chu, King Ping of Chu, and King Zhao of Chu. The three great families of Qu, Jing, and Zhao belong to three The relatively large Duke clan of Chu State is also known as the three surnames of the Chu royal family. The three clans have always held important positions in the Chu State. In order to manage the three major families, the Chu State also specially established the post of Sanlu Official. The famous Qu Yuan once held this post.

Among the three clans of the Chu Kingdom, the ancestor of the "Zhao" clan is Zhaoyang. Zhaoyang is a descendant of King Zhao of Chu and the Ling Yin of the Chu Kingdom. He is in charge of the military affairs of the Chu Kingdom and also leads the Zhu Kingdom. His status is only Second to the Prime Minister, because of Zhaoyang's meritorious service in attacking Yue and Wei, King Huai of Chu gave Zhaoyang the national treasure "He's Bi", and also named the "Land of Gubohai" as Zhaoyang Food Town, which was named during the Warring States Period. Chen Zhaoxixie, Zhaoyu and Zhaoju all came from the Zhao family.

The ancestor of the "Qu" clan is Qu Yuan, who is a descendant of Qu Xia, the son of Xiong Tong, King of Chu Wu. We know quite well about Qu Yuan, a historical figure. The famous chapter "Li Sao" is his masterpiece. He was eventually exiled due to ostracism and slander by the nobles. After the Qin army defeated the Chu State, he sank into the Miluo River and died in the Chu State. The "Jing" clan, the Jing clan, comes from King Ping of Chu. King Ping of Chu was given the posthumous title King Jingping of Chu, and his family was named Jing after his posthumous title.

The Chu State finally fell in 223 BC when the Qin army captured Shouchun, the capital of Chu. After the fall of the Chu State, the Zhao, Qu, and Jing families remained local powerful families, and their influence continued until the early Western Han Dynasty. The "three households" in "Although Chu has three households, Chu will destroy Qin" is just a false reference. It means that even if there are only three households in Chu, they will surely destroy Qin. This shows that the people of Chu hate Qin very much. At this time, the anti-Qin famous saying "Although Chu has three households, Chu will destroy Qin" can be used as a slogan and oath, calling on and inspiring all Chu people to fight together for the goal of destroying Qin.