The first sentence: people's understanding of heaven and earth, that is, the created culture, can also be said to be self-knowledge of heaven and earth, and it is a "heart" for heaven and earth.
The second sentence: Confucianism is integrated inside and outside, heaven and man are integrated, conform to nature and strive for self-improvement.
The third sentence: "Becoming a saint and becoming a scholar" does not inherit the general school system in China, but the Confucian school system.
The fourth sentence: "eternal peace", the supreme ruler should be a saint, to achieve kingliness.
Vernacular writing: Compared with classical Chinese, it is an article written in vernacular Chinese, also called stylistic writing. Then the vernacular, that is, modern Chinese, is written more. The formal style in ancient times was classical Chinese. In ancient times, before the Eastern Han Dynasty, bamboo slips and silks were used. Because the file carrier inevitably requires concise writing. Papermaking was invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty. With the technical progress and the invention of movable type printing in Song Dynasty, all these laid a material foundation for the emergence of vernacular Chinese.
"Vernacular" refers to a written language in China. It was formed on the basis of spoken language since the Tang and Song Dynasties. At first, it was only used in popular literary works, such as Bianwen in Tang Dynasty, scripts and novels in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and some academic works and official documents after Song and Yuan Dynasties. The style reform that began in the late Qing Dynasty can be divided into three stages: new style, vernacular and popular language. It was not until the May 4th New Culture Movement that it was widely used in the whole society.
The ancient classical Chinese was standardized in form and unified in words. However, due to the differences of dialects, there are great differences in vernacular Chinese in different places, so the communication shows the characteristics of regional differences.
reference data
Ancient Poetry Network: http://so.gushiwen.org/