(1) Barber’s Paradox: In 1919, Russell popularized the set theory paradox he proposed as follows: There was a barber in the village of Savil, and he set a rule for himself: He only Shave the people in the village who don’t shave themselves. I wonder if he should shave himself?

(2) Socrates Paradox: Socrates has a famous saying: "I only know one thing, and that is that I know nothing."

(3) Solitaire Paradox: The card paradox is that one side of the card says: "The sentence on the back of the card is correct." But the other side says: "The sentence on the back of the card is wrong." This was proposed by the British mathematician Jourdain . We can't deduce the result either.

(4) The Paradox of God’s Omnipotence: “If God is omnipotent, can he create a big stone that he cannot lift?”

(5) The Crocodile Paradox : A crocodile robbed a child and said to the child's mother: "Will I eat your child? If you answer the question correctly, the child will be returned to you; if the answer is wrong, I will eat him." What should the child's mother do? How to answer to save your child's life

(6) Laozi's paradox: "Those who know do not speak, and those who speak do not know." This is a paradox that was explained by Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi said in "Reading Laozi": "Those who speak do not know but those who know are silent. I heard this from Laojun. If Laojun is a knower, why did he write five thousand articles?"

Extended information :

A paradox is when two opposite conclusions are implicit in the same proposition or reasoning, and both conclusions can be justified. The abstract formula of the paradox is: if event A occurs, then non-A occurs, and if non-A occurs, then A occurs.

Paradox is the confusion of different levels of thinking, meaning (content) and expression (form), subjectivity and objectivity, subject and object, fact and value implicit in propositions or reasoning. It is the content of thinking. The asymmetry with the form of thinking, the subject of thinking and the object of thinking, the level of thinking and the object of thinking is the asymmetry of the thinking structure and logical structure. Paradox is rooted in the limitations of intellectual understanding, intellectual logic (traditional logic), and contradictory logic.

The fundamental reason for the paradox is to formalize traditional logic and make the universality of formal logic absolute, that is, to regard formal logic as a way of thinking. All paradoxes are caused by formal logical thinking, which cannot discover, explain, or solve logical errors. The so-called paradox resolution is to use symmetrical logical thinking to discover and correct logical errors in paradoxes.

Nature

Paradox is the different levels of thinking, meaning (content) and expression (form), subjectivity and objectivity, subject and object, facts implicit in propositions or reasoning The confusion with value is the asymmetry between thinking content and thinking form, thinking subject and thinking object, thinking level and thinking object, and the asymmetry of thinking structure and logical structure.

The root cause

The paradox is rooted in the limitations of intellectual understanding, intellectual logic (traditional logic), and contradictory logic. The fundamental reason for the paradox is to formalize traditional logic and make the universality of traditional logic absolute, that is, to regard formal logic as a way of thinking.

Use symmetrical logic to solve the "Crocodile Dilemma Paradox"

A crocodile stole a father's son and promised that if the father could guess what it was going to do, it would steal the son. The son returns to his father. If the father guesses that "the crocodile will not return his son to him", it will become a so-called "paradox": if the crocodile does not return his son, then the father guessed correctly, and the crocodile must return the child to his father, otherwise the crocodile will violate the He broke his promise; if the crocodile returns his son to him, then the father guessed wrong and the crocodile broke his promise again.

Resolving the paradox: "What to do" by the crocodile is a mental state, and "returning the child to the father" by the crocodile is a behavior. The two are two consecutive stages in time. Similarly, the father's guess that "the crocodile will not return his son to him" is the crocodile's mental state, and later "the crocodile will return his son to him" is the crocodile behavior.

The father guessed that there is no contradiction between the crocodile's mental state of "the crocodile will not return his son to him" and the later crocodile behavior of "the crocodile will return his son to him" - exactly It is because the father correctly guessed the crocodile's psychology of "not returning his son to him", so the crocodile must act to return his son to him in order to fulfill his promise. Here, symmetry logic makes the content of language and the object of language symmetrical by limiting the time range.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Paradox