On June 28, 1924, Lu Xun went to the Morning News office to visit Sun Fuyuan, a fellow villager in Shaoxing. Wang Pinqing (Lu Xun's work as Wang Pinqing), a contributor to "Yu Si", was present. At that time, the National Northwest University, founded in Xi'an, and the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education jointly planned to set up a summer school and hire scholars and celebrities to teach. Wang Pinqing was a fellow countryman of Fu Tong, the president of Northwest University. After his introduction, the school invited Lu Xun and others to give lectures in Xi'an. On that day, Lu Xun, Sun and Wang went to a banquet for the officials of Northwest University. After agreeing on the itinerary to Shaanxi, Lu Xun immediately made preparations for departure. Not long after the breakup between the Zhou brothers, Lu Xun had officially moved out of Badaowan, feeling extremely depressed. He agreed to go to Shaanxi from the National Northwest University, not only to give lectures in the summer, but also to find perceptual materials for his long-planned novel "Yang Guifei", and also to relax. Lu Xun attached great importance to this outing. In the next few days, accompanied by Sun Fuyuan, he went to the clothing store in Menkuang Hutong to order two large shirts called "One Summer and One Feather", went to Quanyechang to buy sundries for travel, and went to Xi'an Qingtang gets a haircut and takes a shower. Due to financial constraints, he also borrowed 86 yuan from Sun Fuyuan and 20 yuan from Xu Shoushang as payment. Everything was ready. On the evening of July 7, the representative of the Shaanxi Provincial Governor in Beijing gave Lu Xun and his party a farewell party in the canteen of the West Railway Station. After the meal, Lu Xun and 13 others took a train to Xi'an. They went to Shaanzhou and took a boat to the west along the Yellow River. After being tired, I took a bus a week later on July 14, arriving in Lintong in the afternoon and Xi'an in the afternoon, where I stayed in the faculty dormitory of Northwest University. Lu Xun's trip to Shaanxi was very rich in content, including socializing, giving lectures, visiting markets, shopping, meeting friends, attending banquets, watching plays, etc. It can be said that the trip was worthwhile and fruitful. People today read his diary at that time and are envious of it. Nothing. Summer Lectures. Going to Shaanxi was the first time in Lu Xun's life that he traveled far to give lectures. Starting from July 21, the summer school started. Lu Xun gave a lecture on "The Historical Changes of Chinese Novels" in the morning. He lectured 11 times for 12 hours in 8 days and finished on the 29th. On the afternoon of the 30th, I went to the Martial Arts Hall to give a half-hour lecture. Later I was invited to give a lecture to army students, still talking about the history of novels. The warlord Liu Zhenhua who ruled Xi'an at that time held the two powerful positions of governor and governor of Shaanxi Province, and was known as "simultaneous". Lu Xun was very careful with the Xi'an warlords at that time, so he only talked about the history of novels and nothing else to the soldiers. Lu Xun's lectures in Xi'an were recorded and compiled by Northwest University at that time and sent to Lu Xun for revision. They were printed in the "Summer School Lectures Jointly Organized by Northwest National University and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education (2)", and were later published as "The Historical Changes of Chinese Novels". The title is appended to the reprinted "A Brief History of Chinese Novels". The full text is about 20,000 words, divided into 6 lectures, which enriches the content of "A Brief History of Chinese Novels". Lu Xun was also well paid for this lecture. He received salary and Sichuan capital of 300 yuan twice. This 300 yuan was like a timely help to Lu Xun, who had just broken up with his brothers and was in a difficult situation in life. After receiving the money, he immediately asked Sun Fuyuan to send 86 yuan to the post office to return it to Xinchao Society (the 86 yuan he borrowed from Sun Fuyuan before the business trip was transferred to Xinchao Society). He also generously donated 50 yuan to Yisu Society. Watch Qin Opera at Yisu Society. Yisu Society, formerly known as "Shaanxi Ling Academy", aims to "assist social education, enlighten people's wisdom, and change customs". It is a famous Qin Opera class. When Lu Xun was in Xi'an, he was invited by colleagues from the Yi Su Society and the Lecture Troupe to watch the complete version of Qin Opera's "Double Brocade Clothes", the complete version of "The Story of Great Filial Piety" and "The Full Moon" performed by the club five times. On the occasion of the 12th anniversary of the founding of the Yi Su Society, Lu Xun personally inscribed the four characters "Gu Tiao Du Tan" and made a plaque for it as a gift to the Yi Su Society. These four characters are a typical representative of Lu Xun's calligraphy style. They integrate seal and script into one furnace. They are simple but not rigid, free and easy but lawful. They have now become a golden sign in the Qin Opera world. Regarding these four words, Shan Yanyi, the late professor of Northwest University, said: "Mr. Lu Xun believed that his colleagues in the Yi Su Society could stand in the position of common people in the Republic of China, unite artists, improve old operas, introduce new ones, recruit songs and dances, and write about the state of the world. , to honor the virtuous people, to cultivate feelings through entertainment, to change customs by pretending to change the style, to sing with exquisite craftsmanship, and to compose magnificently. Because the title is "ancient tune solo", there is a meaning of encouragement in the praise. "This argument is very serious. yes. Lu Xun did not like drama in his life. He often mocked Peking Opera, and his descriptions of social operas in his hometown also showed a kind of boredom. However, he was so kind to Qin Opera and even attended Qin Opera five times in a short period of time. This is Qin Opera's luck. Taowen play. Lu Xun was a master at hunting for antiques. His vision was professional and unique, and he always found something missing during his trip to Xi'an. He "reviewed the market" and "antiquities shop" with Zhang Mianzhi, Sun Fuyuan, Li Jizhi and others many times, and successively purchased two kinds of stone rubbings unearthed in Yaozhou ( Four pieces of "The Elephant of Laojun Made by Cai", one piece of "Miao Monument of Zhang Monk"), two pieces of Le Prostitute Tuyu Ren, one piece of Sixi Mirror, two pieces of forbs, ten rubbings of four kinds of miscellaneous figures, and small pieces of earthenware One owl, two small clay figures, two magnetic doves, one magnetic ape head, a pottery vase with painted fish and dragons, and five large and small crossbows. Lu Xun's Taobao activities probably also alarmed antique dealers in Xi'an. For example, "Tie Jia" from Zun Gutang came to his door after hearing the news. Lu Xun bought two "Cang Gong Stele" and two "Portrait of Zen Master Dazhi on the Stele" from him. One piece, "Wolong Temple Guanyin Statue". Shaanxi Governor Liu Zhenhua sent ten copies of "Yan Qin Li Stele" and a collection of "Li Er Qu" the same night before leaving. Lu Xun spent a total of 32 yuan buying antiques in Xi'an. The money was not too much, but the harvest was not small. He came back with a full load. So when he arrived at the front gate of Beijing at midnight on August 12, "The customs office saw the number of small antiques he carried." He regarded it as a rare item and made things difficult for him. After a long time, he hired a car to go home. " Lu Xun had a habit of buying specialties, which was an important part of Lu Xun's life interest.

During his stay in Xi'an, he, Wang Yishan, Sun Fuyuan, Li Jizhi, Xia Fuyun and others often went for a walk in the nearby market to "read the market". They successively bought two palm fans, ten kilograms of pickled lettuce, a piece of Bian silk, etc. Governor Liu Before leaving, he also gave me two boxes each of wolfberries, pu pottery, tribulus terrestris, and peanuts. All the representative specialties of Xi'an were also included in my bag. On the evening of July 23, Lu Xun and his friends from Wuliu University went out for a walk on campus and accidentally fell. "Step", he also did not forget to "buy a little cake and bait" on the way back, which made people smile after reading it. After returning to Beijing, he hurriedly took a special trip with special products to thank Li Shenzhai, a colleague from the Ministry of Education who helped him buy a house and designed the "Tiger Tail" study room, and gave him a box of longevity fruit, a box of wolfberry, a piece of Bian silk, and "Yan Qinli" A copy of the Monument. In addition, Lu Xun also met in Xi'an with Wang Huanyou, a native of Shangzhou, Shaanxi and a liberal arts graduate of Peking University, who had a teacher-student relationship with him. He also visited the ancient site of Huaqing Palace, the Forest of Steles, Daci'en Temple and other historic sites, and took a hot spring bath. He also attended 7 banquets, including a luncheon for Zhao Qinghai, commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 4th Infantry of the Song Army in Lintong Town, a dinner for Shaanxi Governor and Governor Liu Zhenhua, a dinner for Zhang Xinnan, a lecturer at Northwest University, and a dinner for Governor Liu Yisu Society, etc. . On the morning of August 4th, Lu Xun and his entourage took a mule cart out of the east gate of Xi'an and boarded a ship. They headed eastward from the Weishui River. They stopped and stopped in the headwind for 6 days. On August 10th, they took the Longhai Railway and set off. The stagnant water had not yet been repaired, so he "walked about two miles and boarded the car again." He did not arrive in Beijing until midnight on the 12th, ending this important lecture trip. The trip to Xi'an had a great impact on Lu Xun's writings, and one of the direct consequences was the bankruptcy of his novel "Yang Guifei". Beginning in 1922, Lu Xun began to conceive of "Yang Guifei" and successively discussed the draft of "Yang Guifei" with Xu Shouchang, Yu Dafu, Sun Fuyuan, Feng Xuefeng and others. The idea of ??the novel is to narrate backwards from the moment Xuanzong was assassinated, showing his life scene by scene. According to Sun Fuyuan's recollection, Lu Xun also wanted to write "Yang Guifei" as a script. "The original plan was to have three acts, each with a word brand. I still remember that the third act was 'Raining Bells'." Lu Xun's Xi'an One of the motivations for the trip was to prepare for the creation of the novel "Yang Guifei" to enrich the manuscript of the novel that he "spent several years of work on." As a result, when I went to Xi'an, I couldn't find the Chang'an I imagined. Lu Xun said: "Not only did I get no impression, but it also shattered all my original impressions!" Lu Xun later wrote to his Japanese friend Hatsue Yamamoto in a letter: "Five or six years ago, I went to the country to write a novel about the Tang Dynasty. Passing through Chang'an. When I got there, I didn't expect that even the sky looked like the sky of the Tang Dynasty. The plan I had worked so hard to describe in fantasy was completely shattered. So far, I haven't been able to write a single word. It turns out that I just copied it from the book. Good." Lu Xun's trip to Shaanxi also led to many essays and letters related to Shaanxi, such as "Speaking of Beards" and "Looking in the Mirror". In particular, the beginning of "Speaking of Beards" can be regarded as a summary of Lu Xun's trip to Xi'an: "I traveled to Chang'an this summer. More than a month later, I came back confused. A friend who knew about it asked me: 'What do you think? How's it going?" I thought back to Chang'an with a sudden thought. I remembered seeing a lot of poplars and huge pomegranate trees, and drinking a lot of water from the Yellow River. But what's there to talk about?" So what?" He then left without giving up, and I still left without saying anything. "I am not ashamed to ask my friends." The article commented on the trip to Xi'an: "Shaanxi people work hard to prepare food and use cars. Transported, loaded on boats, pulled by mule carts, loaded on automatic cars, and invited to give a lecture in Chang'an. They probably never expected that I was a small person who was unwilling to express my opinions directly, even though I would never be killed in a small matter. 'Buzz, buzz, right'. They were simply deceived." The author believes that this is a self-deprecating and self-deprecating tone inherent in Lu Xun, and it does not mean that he thinks that the Xi'an audience was deceived by this speech. cheat. Lu Xun's most significant aesthetic discovery in Xi'an is reflected in "Looking in the Mirror and Feelings". Based on the relics of the Tang Dynasty he saw in Xi'an, he "reminisced about how open-minded the Han people were, and they used new animals and plants without restraint to fill the decorative patterns. The Tang people were not weak either. For example, most of the stone animals in front of Han people's tombs were Sheep, tiger, Tianlu, ward off evil spirits. However, the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Chang'an is engraved with a horse with arrows and an ostrich. After all, the courage is great, and the people have the self-confidence not to become slaves of foreigners, or they have never thought that whenever they take foreign things, they are just like capturing them, and they are free to drive them, and they will never care about the decline of foreigners. Nowadays, my nerves can become weak and hypersensitive. Whenever I meet foreign things, I feel as if they are trying to capture me. I reject, panic, retreat, escape, and tremble into a ball. I have to think of a reason to cover it up, and the national essence becomes a coward. The treasure of the king and the slave." It can be said that the words are penetrating.

The trip to Xi'an was Lu Xun's only trip to the mainland in his life. From the horse with arrows in the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Chang'an, he saw "how powerful the courage of the Han and Tang Dynasties was." This was the biggest gain of Lu Xun's trip to Xi'an, and he was inspired by it. , believes that we must "let go of our tolerance, boldly and fearlessly, and absorb as much new culture as possible". He believes that the significance of this aesthetic discovery and theoretical proposition to modern literature and art history is far greater than the loss of an unwritten article with an uncertain future. The novel is precious