This phenomenon can be seen everywhere in adults, and there are many cases, such as:
1. It is impossible to tell a girl that the clothes she thinks are particularly beautiful are not beautiful at all. Working in the women's clothing industry, I found that some people like the ugliest clothes. If you tell her this is not good-looking, she will definitely answer "no, I think this is good-looking". This aesthetic cognitive black hole is suitable for everyone. And you can't change your mind through others. No matter how ugly people around her think, she will still think it is beautiful. (it can be called "the law of' I think this looks good' in the aesthetic blind area")
2. It doesn't matter whether it's delicious or not ... If you feel bad, people feel good. A generous person will be more generous than he/she thinks. Just like a stingy person will be more stingy than he/she thinks.
4. People don't speak one thing clearly and accurately enough, and the other party can't understand it. The speaker may prefer to say, "Oh, honey, you don't understand me". Only a few people will say, "Maybe I didn't make it clear. I will say it again. " . Most people don't realize that their expression is not clear and accurate enough, and they all acquiesce that they have made it clear when transmitting information. (Law of "You didn't make it clear")
We often meet some illogical and contradictory people, but they think it is very reasonable. Everyone knows that he/she is arguing irrationally. If you want to correct him/her, it will be difficult. I describe this phenomenon as "fools, idiots and mental patients are also logically self-consistent" (abbreviated as "fools are also logically self-consistent", but everyone is logically self-consistent in their own world).
6. We sometimes meet people who want to tell each other: "You are not as smart as you think …" or "You are not as versatile, objective and fair as you think …". However, we will find that even if we say it, it will not help each other. Change your position. If you hear someone say to you, "You are not as smart as you think …", then "How smart or stupid am I?" It's hard to achieve yourself (the law of "I don't know how smart I am").
So it is difficult to find a "black hole of self-cognition". Moreover, when others point it out, it can't reach each other's cognition, which is an invalid expression. But people around you can see clearly, because everyone's "black hole of self-cognition" is only his/her own "black hole"-this is also the saying that "the bystander sees clearly", which applies to both people.
Black holes like this, and ... more. We talk about many people: arrogant, subjective, willful, clever, ignorant of their ugliness, narcissism, low self-identity ... positive and negative views are the same. This kind of black hole of self-awareness can exist in almost all adults (children are much better).
To sum up, the self-conscious black hole has many laws:
-the law of "I think it's beautiful" about aesthetics
-the law of "radish and cabbage have their own love"
-"You didn't make it clear" about the law of expression
-the law of "a fool is also logically self-consistent" about logic.
-the law of "I don't know if my behavior is improper" about behavior.
-"I don't know how smart I am" about the law of intelligence
Of course, the most powerful law is "I don't know if I am a fool"/"I don't know if I am an SB" ...
When we allow ourselves to face the truth, learn to laugh at ourselves humorously … and learn to accept that we are a fool or stupid in many ways, it becomes very important. Just like when President Ren was interviewed, he smiled and sincerely said that he was stupid, and Huawei people were stupid. Just like the topic of Jobs's speech at Stanford: Stay hungry, stay stupid, stay hungry, stay stupid (the popular translation is: thirst for knowledge, modesty. I think there is a slight mistake in this translation, not "if you are hungry or stupid", but "if you are hungry or want to")-this is not just an act, but first of all a sober self-awareness.
There is a phenomenon related to this, which is called "Ducker effect". It means: people who lack ability often overestimate themselves and underestimate others.
In fact, the Ducker effect applies not only to people with poor ability, but also to the vast majority of people, especially those with strong ability. Just like people who like to eat tend to overestimate their stomach capacity; People with good memories tend to overestimate the accuracy of their memories ... The list can go on and on.
The degree of this overestimation is measured by the "overestimation coefficient". For example, if you think one thing can be completed in 1 day, then it will be completed in 3 days. The overestimation coefficient is 3 … The process of our maturity is also the process of learning to evaluate ourselves accurately. By upgrading your ability from 1 to n; Or reduce your estimate from n to 1.
However, even for mature adults, overestimation is still widespread. Especially for the more successful people, self-overvaluation is common and difficult to eliminate (there are not many different voices around). Excessive, long-term ... overestimate yourself, which is very harmful. My own observation shows that it is very dangerous for adults to overestimate themselves by more than 30%.
There are similarities and differences between "self-cognitive black hole" and "Ducker effect", like a cross, which are two manifestations of human self-cognitive limitations from different angles. Ducker effect can sometimes be eliminated by external development and evaluation. The black hole of self-awareness is too difficult, too difficult ... especially how to break through and overcome the black hole of self-awareness of leaders in organizations is too difficult, but it is extremely critical.
If a leader combines the "self-cognitive black hole" with the "Ducker effect", both of them are very powerful, and it will be very troublesome. On the one hand, his own problems cannot be realized; On the other hand, he overestimates himself and underestimates others, so he can't get the support of others, and he can't find a good "mirror" around him ... It's hard to get a clear sense of self and can't save himself-we can't leave the ground with our hair.
It is a very, very arduous task to help a leader break through the "black hole" and "Ducker effect" of self-cognition and jump out of a "self-cognition trap" from the local minima of self-cognition.
In this regard, there are two solutions:
Rule number one: Accept that "the beholder is clear", admit that you are not always the only one who has the truth, and admit that you may be a fool. It is in the cognitive principle that we realize the "self-cognitive black hole" and the "Ducker effect", so that we can give up the "rational and perceptual conceit/self-confidence" and are willing to believe that truth can be distributed more on others (this does not necessarily mean democracy)-and are willing to accept the price we have to bear because we listen to others' opinions.
The second type: ask yourself five reasons in a row. Every time a leader makes a mistake, his dialogue with himself will not say, "I didn't know * * before; Now I know * * ". But go back to the situation at that time and ask yourself: Why did you make such a mistake? How to avoid making such a mistake at that time without knowing * *? Keep asking, why, why ..., "ask five whys in a row" (it is said to be Toyota culture), asking very deeply.
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Note 1: Regarding the "black hole of self-cognition", I have my own:
-I thought I was kind, but others thought I was strict;
-I thought I was straightforward and others felt disrespectful;
-I thought what I said was very careful, and others felt verbose;
-I think giving advice and guidance to others is caring for help, and others think they are good teachers;
I thought introducing my work status would make others better understand the background of my point of view, while others thought it represented arrogance.
I thought I was idealistic, while others thought I was too ambitious.
Note 2: We have our own cognitive black hole, and everyone has it. People don't know that their external performance is different from their internal self-cognition, and they will misunderstand themselves and others. Therefore, "knowing people" is difficult. Confucius said: Listen to what he says and watch what he does. Augmented said: Lu Yao knows horsepower and sees people's hearts for a long time. It takes time and depth to understand and judge a person.
Note 3: The content of Ducker effect is quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia: /item/ Ducker effect /5639 178? Fr = Deng Ning-Kruger effect (D-K effect). It is a cognitive deviation phenomenon, which means that people with poor ability draw wrong conclusions on the basis of their thoughtless decisions, but they can't correctly understand their own shortcomings and distinguish wrong behaviors. These people who lack ability are immersed in the illusory advantages created by themselves, and often overestimate their own ability level, but they cannot objectively evaluate the abilities of others.
In 2000, the Ig Nobel Prize in Psychology was awarded to Justin Kruger and David Dunning of Cornell University, because their report "On how the inability to correctly understand how the lack of ability leads to excessive self-evaluation" was called "Deng Ning-Kruger effect". The article says: "Ignorance is more likely to produce self-confidence than knowledge" (Darwin should have said this).
Kruger and Deng Ning discovered by studying people's skills of reading, driving, playing chess or tennis:
1. People with poor ability usually overestimate their skill level;
2. People with poor ability cannot correctly recognize the level of other people who really have this ability;
3. People with poor ability can't recognize and face up to their own shortcomings and their extreme degree;
If people with poor ability can greatly improve their ability level through proper training, they will eventually realize and admit their previous incompetence.
Note 4: Self-cognitive black holes are somewhat similar to the johari window, which has four quadrants: 1) others and themselves know; 2) Others know what they don't know; 3) Others don't know that they know; 4) Neither others nor themselves know. However, these two concepts focus on different things. Just because johari doesn't know doesn't mean he can't know. The "black hole of self-cognition" emphasizes that even if others point it out, it is difficult for them to realize it.