13. talk about life
Description of the text
This paper takes "spring water in a river" and "a small tree" as examples to reveal the general law of life's growth, expansion and aging, as well as the general law that pain and happiness go hand in hand in life, and at the same time express the will of life to struggle and the spirit of open-mindedness and optimism. Although this article is not divided into sections, it is clear in thinking and strict in composition, and it is easy to see the level of writing.
the first level (the first two sentences) prompts the topic. The title of the article is "talk about life", and there are waves at the beginning: the author does not say "what is life", but "what is life like". "What is" is the definition; "Like what" is a literary expression with the characteristics of visualization, aesthetics and metaphor.
The second layer ("Life flows eastward ... and I dare not believe in the afterlife") describes the whole life course of "One River, Spring Water". There are several situations in the course of human life, but the "sometimes" situations described here, from the point of view of the nature of things and the state of occurrence, do not correspond to the stages of human life one by one, but show the richness of "one river and spring water", that is, the mileage of human life. "He gathered a lot of small streams ... a thousand miles away", these sentences are very coherent and smooth, with momentum and strength. There are several important words, such as "Happy and Brave", "Enjoy", "Angry" and "Roar", which are all emotional, and are very helpful to portray the image of "Spring Water" and express the author's mind.
The third layer ("Life is like a small tree ... and I dare not believe in the afterlife") describes the whole life course of "a small tree". Different from the previous layer, these successive stages, from "breaking out of the shell" to "growing to the most prosperous middle age" and then to "he melted and naturalized", outline or indicate the course of human life. However, it is consistent with the previous level in mood and meaning. For example, in the first few words, "Life is like … standing up in the hot sun!" After careful reading, we can feel the impulse and forge ahead of life force, in which words such as "gathering", "breaking the shell", "stretching out" and "breaking free" play an important role in expressing this meaning; In addition, words such as "happiness", "singing", "dancing", "tranquility and joy" express the same thoughts and feelings as the previous level.
The fourth layer (the last part) summarizes the full text, highlights and deepens the theme, and reveals the essence of life (humbleness, insignificance, growth and evolution). It is the basic melody of the song of life to light up joy and pain. The first few words are extraordinary, "The universe is a big life ... one drop in a big life", and the tone is high and powerful, revealing the author's vast thoughts and broad mind. "Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain are mutually reinforcing." In happiness, we should thank life, and in pain, we should also thank life. "These two sentences are the most thoughtful sentences written by the author with decades of life experience, and they are also the sentences of the full text. The full text is high-pitched, passionate and philosophical, and this sentiment is more obvious at the end. The author extracts profound philosophy here, and shows his outlook on life, attitude towards life, and profound understanding of society, nature of the universe and life. That is to say, after the perceptual description, a rational summary is made.
Although this article has a rational summary, it is mainly based on perceptual description. "A spring river" and "a small tree" are figurative expressions, which describe their progress and growth, vividly and implicitly, giving people aesthetic enjoyment. This is the remarkable feature of this article as a literary work. This article is also very distinctive in the use of language, which is all pure white, but it is clear, smart, meaningful and charming. Many words mentioned above are examples. There are also repeated sentences in the text, such as "Life is like …" and "Life is like …" at the beginning of the second and third floors, which not only become the symbol of the writing level, but also have the feeling of melody rotation and repeated singing; "The sea (the earth) solemnly stretched out its arm to receive him, and he silently flowed into (landed in) her arms. He melted and naturalized, not happy, not sad! " "However, I dare not say the afterlife, and I dare not believe in the afterlife!" This repeated statement is solemn and alert, vivid and full of thoughts. Among them, "no happiness, no sorrow" is a special feeling. Perhaps in the feelings and imagination of ordinary people, death is painful and sad, but the author transcends these and reaches an ideological height that ordinary people can't reach.
About exercises
1. Read the text aloud, try to divide the text into levels, and find out the sentences that best express the theme of the text.
This question is designed to test students' ability to grasp the structural level of the text and find key sentences.
to divide the text into levels is actually to divide the text into sections. In the "Text Description", the text is divided into three paragraphs, which is a basic and rough division, and can be further divided into more details, and students are guided and encouraged to put forward different division methods.
second, what is the essence of life that you have learned from the text? What is the law of life?
This topic is designed to guide students to grasp the main content of the text and explain the ideological significance of the text.
There is no hint in the text about "the essence of life" and "the law of life", but excavating these two points is the means and way to capture the soul of the text. What "you" and "realized" in the title is a variety of answers under multi-angle interpretation. The basic content of the reference answer is: the essence of life-vigorous growth, brave progress, no force can hinder it, suppress it; The law of life-small and weak at first, then strong and strong, and finally die, during which happiness and suffering, smooth and tortuous go hand in hand.
Third, the whole text is written in vivid language, which is vivid, implicit and meaningful, and it is worth pondering carefully. Try to talk about the symbolic meaning of the following two sentences, and find a few more examples from the text to understand.
1. Sometimes, when he meets the front of the rock, he rushes up angrily, roars and whirls, and is urged by the ups and downs of the waves before and after, until he rushes down this dangerous cliff, he calmly plunges into a thousand miles.
2. Not every river can enter the sea, and those that don't flow will become dead lakes; Not every seed can become a tree, and those that don't grow will become empty shells!
This topic is designed to appreciate the essence of writing. The text is written by metaphor, so we should try to figure out the deep meaning and symbolic meaning implied by these two examples, that is, the meaning of life course, in combination with the context and the grasp of the full text.
1. The description here symbolizes a difficult and progressive course of life. Life encounters obstacles, is contained, and is in trouble. Instead, it stimulates the potential and motivation of life, and it is bound to break through all kinds of obstacles and finally reach a smooth road. After reaching the smooth road, it will show the heroic posture of the winner, become calm, and life will enter a higher realm.
2. "going into the sea" and "becoming a tree" indicate that life has gone through various struggles and finally achieved great ideals and was recognized by society. In the course of struggle, we must go through difficulties and obstacles and happiness; If you don't go through this and give up halfway, it will be difficult to "make a positive result."
Teaching suggestions
First, strengthen life experience and enrich humanistic quality. The text describes the phenomena and laws of life and shows a positive attitude towards life. In teaching, students should be guided to think about life phenomena and laws, and feel and learn from this attitude towards life, that is to say, in the process of learning Chinese materials, education on outlook on life and values should be carried out.
second, associate, imagine, ponder and taste. The text compares life with "spring water" and "small trees", which is very metaphorical. It is necessary to train students' thinking in images, that is, to stimulate their association and imagination and feel the vivid images in the text; We should also try to figure out the philosophical thinking in the text, train students' rational thinking and refine their generalization ability.
Third, pay attention to reading aloud and learn the language. This article is written in a beautiful modern vernacular, which injects feelings and writes momentum, which is very suitable for reading aloud. In addition, we can learn a language by reading aloud and trying to figure out the meaning of the text. The language in this paper has both vivid portrayal and philosophical statement, and the sentence patterns are varied, which can make students familiar with it and some wonderful sentences can be recited. You can recite the last paragraph or the whole text. You can also imitate and expand some sentences in this paper.
Fourth, question design:
1. How many paragraphs or levels can the full text be divided into? How many different ways are there?
2. which sentence or sentences can best express the theme of the text?
3. What is the essence of life that you have learned from the text? What is the law of life?
4. which life courses or life states have "a spring river" and "a small tree" experienced respectively? What kind of life course and life state does it imply?
5. What kind of psychological quality and emotional state does "Spring Water" and "Little Tree" show in these life courses and life states?
6. "The end of the trip" means the end of life. What is the mentality of "spring water" at this time? (or "spring water" how to face the coming of death? )
7. What role does the last paragraph (layer) play in the structure and theme of the full text?
8. what is the emotional tone of the whole text?
Relevant information
1. A brief introduction to Bing Xin
Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, is a famous modern female writer. Born in Changle, Fuzhou, Fujian on October 5, 19. My father, Xie Baozhang, was a naval officer. He had participated in the Sino-Japanese naval battle in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and had patriotic thoughts. Bing Xin spent her childhood in Yantai, Shandong Province. With its fantastic and colorful morning and evening, the sea has nurtured her rich imagination and cultivated her poet's temperament. In her lonely childhood by the sea, Bing Xin began to read Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio at the age of seven. The Journey to the West and Lin Shu (1852-1924) were modern writers and translators. Formerly known as Qunyu, the word Qinnan was born in Min County, Fujian Province (now Fuzhou City). He translated more than forty world famous works. Translation of Shuo Bu Series. Since the Revolution of 1911, I went back to the south with my family before I went to school as a female teacher in Fuzhou. The whole family moved to Beijing in 1913. In 1914, he entered Beiman Girls' Middle School of Beijing Missionary School. Because he volunteered to study medicine, he entered the pre-science course of Concord Women's University in 1918. When the May Fourth Movement broke out, she was a first-year preparatory student, enthusiastically engaged in the patriotic youth movement, worked as a clerk in the student self-government association, and was also a member of the propaganda unit of the Beijing Federation of Women's Academic Circles. In order to expand the publicity effect, she began to publish "Thoughts on the 21st Hearing" and other commentaries advocating the patriotic student movement in Beijing Morning Post, signed by Xie Wanying. Enlightened by the May 4th Movement, she saw some social problems in semi-feudal and semi-colonial China. Since September 1919, many problem novels [problem novels] have been written under the pseudonym of Bing Xin, which are novels created to raise some social problems. For example, Two Families, while you are alone and helpless and poor, Autumn Rain and Murder, Going to the Country, etc., have aroused strong social repercussions. Therefore, Bing Xin said that it was the May 4th lightning, and this thunder "shocked me on the road of writing!" As a result of publicity and fund-raising in the streets during the day, I kept writing "problem novels" at night, and my science lessons took off a lot. In 1921, after graduating from pre-science, he was admitted to liberal arts. Because of his excellent performance in liberal arts, he also skipped a grade.
Bing Xin's "problem novels" can be roughly divided into three categories: first, expressing dissatisfaction with feudal society and feudal families; second, exposing the bitter life caused by warlord melee; third, expressing sympathy for working people from a humanitarian standpoint.
In p>1921, Bing Xin was recommended by Xu Dishan and Qu Shiying and listed in the Literature Research Association. Her "problem novel" is consistent with the purpose that the literature of the Literature Research Association should reflect social phenomena and discuss life problems. At this time, Bing Xin focuses on the hesitation and distress of petty-bourgeois intellectuals who have just broken away from the shackles of feudal ideology and can't find a way out. She keenly feels the crisis of these young people: "They can't ascend to heaven, they are unwilling to enter the ground" and they are "suspended in the middle of heaven and earth". Representative works include Superman and Boredom. But at that time, Bing Xin was not satisfied with asking questions only in novels, and she hoped to find answers on the road of exploring life. At that time, she could not be combined with workers and peasants, and lacked the armed forces of advanced thoughts. She could only use the "parent-child love" in her "happy" family as a panacea and recommend it to the young people suffering from the disease of the times at that time, comforting their troubled souls with the deep maternal love, natural wonder and childlike innocence. This is the origin of Bing Xin's "philosophy of love". The literary grace of her novels and essays not only melts the charm of classical literature, but also blends the milk of European and American literature, winning the praise of many young people and being called "Bing Xin Ti".
Since 192, Bing Xin has expressed her feelings about life in the form of poetry. Thanks to Tagore (Tagore (1861-1941)), an Indian poet, writer, artist and social activist. There are 1 volumes of Tagore's Works translated in China. Under the influence of Birds, she wrote short poems "Stars" and "Spring Water", which attracted the attention of the literary world. There were many imitators, which led to the so-called "popular era of short poems". At that time, some people called such short poems "spring water". Bing Xin's poetic style is subtle, gentle and beautiful. Her "goddess of poetry" is "full of tenderness, slightly sad, and lingers for words". Bing Xin's early literary view is that literature should be "self-expression" in order to be "real literature" with creativity and individuality. Her short poems are the most typical examples of the exploration of life, the praise of nature, and even the contradiction and boredom of "real literature" in the depths of the heart.
In p>1923, Bing Xin published a collection of novels Superman and a collection of poems Stars and Spring Water. In the same year, she graduated from yenching university (Concord Women's University has merged with Yanda University), won the honor of golden key with the best results, and won a scholarship from the sister school of Yanda University, Wellesley University, and went to the United States to study in August 1923. Soon after, due to illness, I lived in Qingshan, USA and missed ráng. Nursing home for seven months. In the sanatorium, she lived a life completely opposite to "nature", and the mutual remembrance between patients seemed to realize the fantasy that "sons and sons in the world are good friends". In addition, the homesickness in the guest trip made her miss her mother all the more, so she was more keen on the "philosophy of love" with the content of promoting maternal love, nature and childlike innocence in her works, such as Enlightenment and Sending a Young Reader. From 1923, Bing Xin published "For Young Readers" in the column of Children's World, a supplement of Morning News, and published it in 1926. Although "To a Young Reader" focuses on singing "all-round love", this collection of communication in the United States never exaggerates the so-called "material civilization" of the capitalist system, but is madly in love with the motherland and relatives. From 1926 to 1935, the collection was published 21 times, and it was reprinted in less than half a year on average. Bing Xin is one of the most influential writers of children's literature since the May 4th Movement. At that time, she inspired children with equal and induced education methods, which was a negation of the feudal cramming education method. In 1926, after receiving a master's degree in literature, Bing returned to China and taught in yenching university, Tsinghua University and Women's College of Arts and Sciences. At that time, the revolutionary storm of the Northern Expedition made her feel the illusion of the super-class "philosophy of love"; The artillery fire of the Japanese invaders broke up her "home" that could "melt away" the worries in the world. Bing Xin's thought has changed, and he has written works such as Fen and Dong Er Girl, which are of great significance to workers.