Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC), whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu (to be tested, it is said that the courtesy name is Ziche or Ziju). He was a native of Zou State during the Warring States Period and a descendant of Lu Guoqing's father. A famous thinker, educator, politician in ancient China, and a representative figure of Confucianism during the Warring States Period. Author of "Mencius". Mencius inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius. He was known as the "Senior Sage" and was collectively called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius.

Mencius wrote the book "Mencius". There are seven chapters of "Mencius" handed down from generation to generation, which are one of the Confucian classics. Mencius learned from Zisi, inherited and developed Confucius' thoughts, and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius. He was known as the "Senior Sage" and was called "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius. The theory of human nature is the starting point of Mencius' theory, and its main propositions are the theories of "benevolent government" and "kingly way". Sima Qian believed that "Mencius" was written by Mencius himself. "Meng Ke did not agree with what he said, so he retreated to Wan Zhang's preface to "Poems" and "Books", describing Zhongni's meaning, and wrote seven chapters of "Mencius"." ("Historical Records") "Biographies of Mencius and Xun") However, some people believe that judging from the language used in the book, the compiler was most likely a disciple of Mencius, and the book was written around the middle of the Warring States Period.

There are seven chapters in "Mencius". The titles are: "King Hui of Liang" (Part 1 and Part 2); "Gongsun Chou" (Part 1 and Part 2); "Teng Wengong" (Part 1 and Part 2); "Li Lou"; Wan Zhang" above and below; "Gao Zi" above and below; "Jie Xin" above and below. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined "Mencius", "The Analects of Confucius", "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" together to call it the "Four Books". Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a required part of the imperial examination.

Mencius is another master of the Confucian school after Confucius, and is respected as the "Lesser Sage". The book "Mencius" that records his remarks and activities is one of the Confucian classics and is divided into seven chapters: "King Hui of Liang", "Gongsun Chou", "Teng Wengong", "Li Lou", "Wan Zhang", "Gao Zi" and "Jin Xin" , a total of 261 chapters, about 35,000 words, including Mencius’s words and deeds, political theories, and debates on academic issues such as philosophy, ethics, and educational thoughts. "Mencius" has a unique style among the prose of pre-Qin scholars and has a great influence on the development of prose in later generations.