"Ciyun Dongpo Returns from Lingnan"
Li Zhiyi
The years in the mausoleum are difficult, but the tillers are often eaten, but the taste is sweet.
The rain was heard all over China and abroad, and Wolong started to rise from the southeast one after another.
The cranes in the sky are looking at the immortal sleeves, and the poems and notes in the clouds are carrying Hailan.
You should not recognize the disciple when you see him again. His beard is covered with snow and frost.
Appreciation
Li Zhiyi followed Su Shi in the Dingzhou shogunate for nearly thirty years after he ascended to the Jinshi rank during the Yuanfeng period (1078-1085). During the Yuanfu period (1098-1100), there was a fragrant medicine warehouse in the prison, and he was suspended from his post because he had conquered it from Su Shi. He and Su Shi not only had a teacher-student friendship, but also suffered from party strife, so their feelings for each other were very deep. This seven-rhyme poem melts the author's mixed feelings of sadness and joy when he heard about Su Shi's return from Lingnan and his desire to see Su Shi's Fengshen again into romantic imagination and bitter sighs. It deeply praises Su Shi's cheerful mind that can remain optimistic despite adversity.
The first couplet summarizes the joys and sorrows of Su Shi's exile life. The words seem to be comforting but the meaning is extremely bitter. "Pingling" means oppression, and it is quite accurate to describe the oppression Su Shi suffered in the political struggle and the mental pressure he endured in the difficult years. Tillers are cork barberry, a deciduous tree with yellow fruits and stem inner bark. It can be used as medicine and has a bitter taste. The ancients often compared yellow millet to bitter heart. Although things must be reversed when they are extreme, there is no such thing as a sweet taste when there is too much bitterness. These two sentences are ironic, just like a person who is extremely angry and has no tears but only smiles bitterly. In fact, he uses an abnormal sweetness to express extreme bitterness. On the other hand, judging from Su Shi's open-minded attitude towards life, these two sentences also describe his calm and contented spirit in the adversity of being relegated to Lingnan.
The chin couplet describes the background of Su Shi's return after being pardoned. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne and granted a general amnesty. At this time, he took charge of military and state affairs and attacked the reformists. The Yuanyou party members who had been exiled by the reformers moved to other places and were reinstated one after another. In their view, it was rain and dew that brought blessings throughout the court and inside. The contrast between "caiwen" and "succession" shows the rapid rise of the old party. The metaphor of "wolong" is compared with "time rain" to praise the political and strategic talents of the party members, which reflects the author's political tendency and also vividly It vividly describes the political climate in which the old party was pardoned and then revived, and explains why Su Shi was able to return to Lingnan.
The neck couplet uses the momentum of the crouching dragon rising in the chin couplet to describe Su Shi's grace when he returns from the sky: cranes ride in the breeze, fairy mantles flutter, and the poems in the clouds still carry the moist mist of the seaside. Li Zhiyi likes to compare people with clear Qi and bones to the immortal Fengluan (such as "Inscribed on Zhang Zhanran's brother, who was not seen when he lived on the wall"). This is not only praising Su Shi for still maintaining a broad-minded mind and strong creative power despite being demoted. Moreover, his image of being clear and elegant despite all the hardships was sublimated to the level of an immortal. In the days when he was away from Su Shi, the author missed his teacher like this: "I was shocked to return to my dream under the window several times, and it was cold in the rain when I came here. I am sad not to see the old Dongpo, even if there is Goose River, it is difficult to write." (" "He Chu Zixu Zhuangzhu") Su Shi's return was a sudden joy for him. Therefore, this couplet is a romantic imagination formed by combining the author's daily dreams with Su Shi's dashing wind spirit. The image of Su Shi falling from the sky is the result of exaggerating and materializing his joyful mood of falling from the sky.
The last couplet jumps from romantic imagination back to reality. The word "ying" shows that Su Shi's appearance has grown old and the scene where he met his disciples as strangers after his return is actually the author's imagination. "Liang Mao Mao" refers to both the white temples and beard, as well as the white beard and hair of both people. Even his disciples are already so old, so it is even more conceivable that Su Shi became old after going through all the ups and downs. In fact, Su Shi was sixty-six years old when he returned and passed away soon after. This couplet truly writes the deep emotion of the disciples who had the same fate as the master after going through hardships, and shows infinite sympathy for Su Shi's misfortune of spending the rest of his life in relegation.
The middle two couplets of this poem imply a vast wonderland, and the first and last couplets are sad and sad, but not incongruous. The main thing in the poem is Su Shi's free and unrestrained wind spirit and the sorrow of suffering. It is consistent with these two styles. The predecessors said that Li Zhiyi's poems are steep and steep, and have a majestic and majestic atmosphere. From the style of this poem that can combine elegance and bitterness, it is similar to Su Shi's.