Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), whose surname was Kong, whose given name was Qiu, and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was born in Liyi, Song Dynasty (now Henan Province). Xiayi County, Shangqiu City), was born in Zouyi, Lu State (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) during the Spring and Autumn Period. A famous great thinker, educator and politician in China. Confucius created the culture of private lectures and was the founder of Confucianism.

1. Confucius said: "If you don't express your anger, you don't make mistakes."

2. Confucius said: "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up."

3. Confucius said: "Do not look at anything that is not propriety, do not hear anything that is not propriety, do not speak anything that is not propriety, do not move anything that is not propriety."

4. Confucius said: "Strength, perseverance, wood, and restraint are close to benevolence."

5. Confucius said: "Gong, generosity, trust, sensitivity, and benefit. Being respectful means not insulting, being lenient means winning people, being trustworthy means letting people do what they want, being sensitive means doing merit, and being merciful means being able to make people succeed."

6. Confucius said: "Being respectful but rude will lead to fatigue; being cautious but rude will lead to chaos; being brave but rude will lead to chaos; being straight but rude will lead to strangulation."

7. Confucius said : "If you are determined to be benevolent, there is no evil."

8. Confucius said: "The ancients said: "The ancients could not speak out, and they would not be ashamed to bow."

9. Confucius said : "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you."

10. Confucius said: "If you want to be established, you can establish others; if you want to be achieved, you can achieve others."

11. Confucius Said: "A gentleman should be respectful in his place, respectful in his work, and loyal to others."

12. Confucius said: "A gentleman is knowledgeable in literature, and if he makes an appointment with etiquette, he can be a gentleman!"

13. Confucius said: "The gentleman is harmonious but not uniform; the villain is homogeneous but not harmonious."

14. Confucius said: "The gentleman is reserved but does not fight, and he is a group but not party."

15. Confucius said: "A gentleman is respectful and courteous, and he is respectful and courteous to others. He is a brother in the world."

16. Confucius said: "A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always sad. Qi. "

17. Confucius said: "A gentleman takes righteousness as a pledge and practices it as a courtesy. Said: "If you don't hold on to your virtues and don't believe deeply, how can you live or die?"

19. Confucius said: "When you make friends, you must keep your word."

20. Confucius said: "Those who are virtuous must cultivate their words, and those who are eloquent do not need to cultivate their virtues."

21. Confucius said: "The benevolent do not worry, the knowledgeable do not be confused, the brave do not fear."

22. Confucius said: "The purpose of etiquette is harmony."

23. Confucius said: "To restrain oneself and return to etiquette is benevolence. For one day to restrain oneself and return to etiquette, the world will return to benevolence." Is it true that benevolence depends on oneself and not on others? "

24. The Master said: "If you can talk to someone but don't talk to them, you will miss others; if you can't talk to them, you will lose your words. Don't neglect people, don't neglect words. "

25. Confucius said: "A gentleman is not careful in comparison, and a villain is not careful in comparison."

26. Confucius said: "There are three qualities of a gentleman. Caution: When you are young, your blood energy is not yet stable, and you should be aware of it; when you are strong, your blood energy is strong, and you should be aware of it; when you are old, your blood energy is weak, and you should be aware of it."

27 , Confucius said: "A gentleman has nine thoughts: seeing and thinking, listening and thinking, looking and thinking warm, looking and respectful, speaking and thinking of loyalty, doing things respectful, doubtful and asking, angry and difficult, seeing and thinking of meaning.

< p>①Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "morality": advocating the virtues and virtues of "benevolence and propriety" at the individual level

②The core content of Confucius' political thought is "propriety" and "propriety". "Benevolence", in terms of the strategy of governing the country, he advocated "governing with virtue", ③Governing the country with morality and etiquette is the noblest way to govern the country. This kind of governance strategy is also called "Government by virtue" or "Government by etiquette".

④The most important economic thoughts of Confucius are the concept of righteousness and benefit that values ??righteousness over profit, "thinking about righteousness when seeing profit" and the thought of "enriching the people".

⑤ Confucius was the first in Chinese history to propose that people have similar innate qualities, and that personality differences are mainly due to the influence of acquired education and social environment ("Sex is similar, but habits are far apart"). Therefore, everyone can be educated and everyone should be educated.

⑥ In terms of teaching methods, Confucius required teachers to have an educational outlook of "teaching without distinction", "economicalizing the country and helping the world", a methodology of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", and a "heuristic" methodology, and focusing on children's enlightenment and enlightenment education.

⑦The main contents of Confucius’ moral education are “propriety” and “benevolence”. Among them, "propriety" is the moral norm, and "benevolence" is the highest moral principle.

⑧The core of Confucius’ aesthetic thought is the unity of “beauty” and “goodness”, as well as the unity of form and content.

⑨An important proposition of Confucius’s historical thinking is “straight”, that is, the study of history must be practical and realistic.