The title in the textbook is
Original text:
Mencius said that the right time is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the right place.
A city of three miles, a country of seven miles, can be defeated by encircling it; If the husband attacks it, he will have the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time.
the city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not profitable, and the rice and millet are not abundant; It is not as good as human harmony to entrust it to others.
As the old saying goes, the people of the territory do not take the border of the frontier as a frontier. Consolidating the country does not take the risk of mountains and streams, and the world does not take advantage of the military revolution; Those who get the Tao help more, and those who lose the Tao help less; When there is little help, relatives will be on the side; If you help more, the world will be smooth. Take advantage of the world and attack the relatives. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win the war. 2. The classical Chinese "The Right Time, the Right Place and the Harmony of People" was written by Lu Shiyi.
It is not only the case with soldiers, but also everything, especially agriculture. Floods and droughts are the right time; Fertile and barren, is the geographical location; Repairing, managing, reclaiming and reclaiming wasteland is human harmony. Among these three things, human harmony is the most important, and the geographical position is second to human harmony, and the time is second to the geographical position. If it rains and sunny, the time will conform to people's wishes, which is what everyone expects. However, bad weather cannot be avoided. Once there is a bad time, the inferior land with hard and barren soil will be affected by the weather first, but only fertile land will not. This is that the weather is not as good as the geographical position. Although the land is superior, it is inferior. Planting at the wrong time, even if it is fertile land, has no effect, so the proverb says, "Buy land and rent it to people, so there will be benefits", which is that the geographical advantage is not as good as people and .. Please explain the following ancient prose
Mencius said: "The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles (2), ring and attack. If the husband attacks it, he will have the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time. The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the army is not profitable, and the rice is not too much; Committee (5) and go, is the geographical advantage is not as good as people and also. Therefore, it is said: the territory (6) people do not take the border of the frontier, the country does not take the risk of the mountain stream (7), and the world does not take advantage of the military revolution. Those who gain the Tao help more, but those who lose the Tao help less. Little help, relatives (8); Help more, and the weather will be smooth. Take advantage of the world and attack the relatives; Therefore, the gentleman has (9) no war, and the war will win. "
Note
① Time, location and human harmony: "Gouzi Wang Ba Chapter" says: "A farmer who is simple but lacking in ability will not lose his time when he goes up, but will not lose his location when he goes down, and he will gain human harmony in the middle without losing everything." Gouzi's "good time" refers to farming season, "favorable location" refers to fertile soil, and "harmony between people" refers to the division of labor. The "time of day" mentioned by Mencius here refers to the timing and climate of the fingertip soldiers' combat; "Geographical location" refers to the dangerous mountains and rivers and the solid city. "Human harmony" refers to the will of the people and internal unity. ② Three-mile city, seven-mile country: the inner city is called "City" and the outer city is called "Guo". The proportion of inner and outer cities is generally a city of three miles and a country of seven miles. ③ Pool: the moat. (4) Soldiers: weapons refer to offensive weapons such as spears, knives and arrows. Leather: Leather refers to the armor. Ancient armor was made of leather, and it was also made of copper and iron. (5) Committee: abandon. (6) Domain people: Restrict people. Domain, boundary. (8) Side: Same as "rebellion". (9) yes: or, or.
translation
Mencius said: "The favorable opportunity and climate are not as good as the favorable terrain, and the favorable terrain is not as cooperative as Qi Xin. A small town with three miles of inner walls and seven miles of outer walls can't be attacked on all sides. Since we are besieged on all sides, there are always good times or good weather, but we still can't break through, which shows that favorable timing and climate are not as good as favorable terrain. On the other hand, the city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and armor are not extremely strong and solid, and the food and grass are not insufficient, but they still abandoned the city and fled, which shows that the favorable terrain is not as good as Qi Xin's cooperation. Therefore, the common people can't be restrained by blocking the border line, the country can't be saved by mountains and rivers, and the world can't be achieved by sharp weapons. People with morality get more help, while those without morality get less help. When there are few people to help, even relatives will betray; When the number of people who help is extremely high, all the people will obey. To attack people who will betray their relatives with the force that all the people obey, it is inevitable that they will be invincible without fighting. "
Understanding
The relationship among heaven, earth and people has always been concerned by people. Who is the most important of the three has become a topic of discussion. As we quoted in the notes, Xunzi once discussed the problems of climate, geography and human harmony from the perspective of agricultural production. But he didn't distinguish who was important and who wasn't, but all three were equally important and indispensable.
Mencius here mainly analyzes and discusses the relationship between time, place and people from the military aspect, and he has a clear view: "Time is not as good as place, and place is not as good as people." Among the three, "harmony between people" is the most important and decisive factor, followed by "geographical location" and "weather". This is inseparable from his consistent thought of attaching importance to people's subjective initiative, at the same time, it is also inseparable from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relations, and at the same time, it is also inseparable from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relations. It is from emphasizing the importance of "harmony between people" that he came to the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, while those who lose it will help less". This leads the problem from military to politics, and actually returns to his "old-fashioned" topic of "benevolent governance".
According to Mencius, people can't be restrained by blocking the border, and the country can't be saved by mountains and rivers. Therefore, there is no way out of the country. We should reform and open up, improve our national strength and let the people live and work in peace. As long as this is done, it will be "more help for those who get the word" and help to the extreme, and the people all over the world will submit to it. Then there is bound to be what Confucius said-"then the people of all directions will come without their sons." (The Analects of Confucius Zi Lu) People from all over the world come to apply for studying abroad, doing business, and even bringing their wives and children to apply for immigration and settlement. Where is the need for "the border of the frontier"? I'm afraid I can't get rid of it.
"Those who gain the Tao help more, those who lose it help less" has become such a famous saying that we still often use it to evaluate international relations and condemn hegemonists. Of course, "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people" is also a famous saying, and it is also more widely used in commercial competition, sports competitions, especially the fanaticism of football matches. This fully shows that its philosophy is rich, profound and extensive.
As the saying goes, "When people are United, Mount Tai moves." Who said that "human harmony" is not the most important wealth? 4. A classical Chinese article in junior high school is about what a good country needs to be governed by the right time, the right place and the right people.
In the textbook of junior high school, it is "Getting more help from the right way, but getting less help from the wrong way"
The original text is from "Mencius. Sun Chou Xia"
Mencius said: The right time is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as people and peace.
A city of three miles, a country of seven miles, can be defeated by encircling it; If the husband attacks it, he will have the right time; However, if you don't win, it's better to be in the right place at the right time.
the city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not profitable, and the rice and millet are not abundant; It is not as good as human harmony to entrust it to others.
therefore, it is said that the people of the territory do not take the boundary of the frontier as a frontier. Consolidating the country does not take the risk of mountains and streams, and the world does not take advantage of the military revolution; Those who get the Tao help more, and those who lose the Tao help less; When there is little help, relatives will be on the side; If you help more, the world will be smooth. Take advantage of the world and attack the relatives. Therefore, if a gentleman does not fight, he will win the war. 5. The right time, the right place and the translation
The right time, the right place and the right person are in harmony, not only with soldiers, but also with everything, especially agriculture. Floods and droughts are the right time; Fertile and barren, is the geographical location; Repairing, managing, reclaiming and reclaiming wasteland is human harmony. Among these three things, human harmony is the most important, and the geographical position is second to human harmony, and the time is second to the geographical position. If it rains and sunny, the time will conform to people's wishes, which is what everyone expects. However, bad weather cannot be avoided. Once there is a bad time, the inferior land with hard and barren soil will be affected by the weather first, but only fertile land will not. This is that the weather is not as good as the geographical position. Although the land is superior, it is inferior. Planting at the wrong time, even if it is fertile land, has no effect, so the proverb says, "Buy land and rent it to people, so there will be benefits", which is that the geographical advantage is not as good as people and .. 6. Being in the right place at the right time and
Harmony between heaven and earth, courtesy, harmony is precious, Wang Zhidao and beauty of Sri Lanka "is a unique concept of life in the Chinese nation. Its core cultural thought is the word" harmony ",which has evolved into a spirit and sublimated into a realm after more than 5, years of heart-to-heart communication.
harmony between heaven and earth, courtesy, harmony is precious, and beauty of Wang Zhidao and Sri Lanka "? This sentence comes from the Analects of Confucius. The original sentence is "courtesy, harmony is precious."
Wang Zhidao is the first beauty. " That is to say, harmony is the most important thing in the application of ceremony.
this is the precious place of the ancient monarch's method of governing the country. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in order to promote Liu and suppress Cao, there was a famous saying: the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.
weather, days, including weather, climate change, etc. People often say that depending on the weather, such as moderate rain, is beneficial to the growth of crops.
, the choice is the time to do things. For example, the spring sowing and autumn harvest in agriculture are in line with the weather.
Shuo Wen: "When, four o'clock is also." That is, the seasonal changes of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Then he said, "Well, when ancient Chinese was written, it was the day when we followed it." Look up Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "time" as "?" It is from the sun that means "trip to the day", that is, the operation of the sun.
This shows that people have intuitively felt the change of seasons caused by the movement of the sun for a long time, and called it "time". Weather, there are general trends and opportunities in the world, as well as the influence of natural environment, including the prevalence of diseases.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the dispute between Liang and Jin began. At first, Liang Jun occupied all the advantages and surrounded Taiyuan several times. All of them stopped fighting because of the great epidemic, and their soldiers lost more than half. Finally, they lost to the Jin army. Weather can be used by us, as the saying goes.
Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms skillfully used a straw boat to borrow arrows, which is a good example. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu, the marshal of the State of Wu, decided to use bows and arrows to defend the invading enemy after studying the situation in Wei Jun. But how to make 1 thousand arrows necessary for combat in a relatively short time? According to the craftsmen of Wu at that time, it would take at least ten days to make so many arrows, which is obviously too long for Wu's defense.
Zhuge Liang, the strategist of Shu at that time, happened to visit Wu. Zhuge Liang is a very clever man, so Zhou Yu asked him how to make the needed arrow at the fastest speed.
Zhuge Liang told Zhou Yu that three days would be enough. Zhuge Liang was in no hurry after accepting the task.
He told Lu Su, the minister of the State of Wu, that it was naturally impossible to make so many arrows by ordinary methods. Then Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to prepare twenty small boats for him, each with thirty sergeants. All the boats were covered with green cloth and covered with grass.
Zhuge Liang said that 1, arrows could be prepared in three days. At midnight on the third day, Zhuge Liang ordered twenty boats to be connected by long ropes and set out for Wei Jun's campsite.
that night, it was foggy all over the sky, and Zhuge Liang ordered the fleet to move forward quickly. When the fleet approached the Wei Jun camp, Zhuge Liang ordered the fleet to be lined up, and then ordered the sergeant to drum and shout on the ship.
hearing the cry of drum-beating, Wei Jun sent about 1, archers to the riverside to shoot arrows at the place where the cry was heard. For a moment, arrows flew like raindrops to Zhuge Liang's fleet, and in a short time, the straw handles of the hull were covered with arrows.
When Zhuge Liang's fleet arrived at Wu Jun's camp, Zhou Yu, the commander in chief of the State of Wu, had sent 5 soldiers waiting to move the arrows. After counting, there were 1, arrows in the straw handles on board. Zhou Yu, the marshal of Wu, also had to admire Zhuge Liang's wisdom.
how did Zhuge Liang know that there would be fog on the water that night? It turns out that he is good at observing the weather changes, and after careful calculation of the astronomical phenomena, he also draws the conclusion that there will be heavy fog on the water that night. In this way, Zhuge Liang used his wisdom to skillfully get 1 thousand arrows from the enemy.
It can be said that borrowing an arrow from a straw boat is a classic work of Zhuge Liang's successful use of the weather. Geographical location, the ancients regarded "land" as "the origin of all things and the root of all life" (Guanzi Shuidi), and the word "benefit" was used by later generations in the sense of "sharpness" and "benefit".
"geographical advantage" is a concept completely derived from agricultural production. Although "profit" is understood by "cutting grain with a knife", "grain" is only a representative, and "profit" can refer to the land.
closely related to "geographical location" is the concept of "local suitability" or "local suitability". "Zuo Zhuan" became a public official for two years: "The first king ruled the world, and the things (depending on the soil) were suitable and the benefits were distributed."
The purpose of saying "local suitability" is to make the best use of "geographical location", because only by using its suitability can we benefit from it. In the military, it is often said that the place where you choose to do things has favorable terrain, which shows that geographical location is also very important.
Tunnel Warfare was once a film that was almost a household name in China. In the film, under the leadership of China, the people in the anti-Japanese base area in Jizhong Plain created an tunnel war to destroy the enemy and save themselves, and waged a heroic and tenacious struggle with the Japanese invaders. The tunnel became a manifestation of having a favorable geographical position and successfully used favorable terrain to win.
of course, it is also inseparable from people and harmony. The subject of human harmony is "human" and the central idea is "harmony".
The word "harmony" here means "neutralization", "peace" and "harmony". People, is to be a man, to deal with people.
man is the foundation of all things and the master of all ages. Being a man is an attitude and a knowledge. If you learn how to be a man, you will have no worries about your life. If I want to be a man, I should first learn to stand in the middle of heaven and earth.
Man grows between heaven and earth. He bases himself on the "earth" below and worships the "heaven" above. Recuperating between "heaven and earth" should mean taking the "middle".
"harmony between heaven and earth"-putting people in a "harmonious" and "peaceful" world and in heaven and earth. What it expounds is a kind of thought, and it should be a kind of realm. "Harmony between heaven and earth", which is inherited from ancient times and preached today, conforms to social development, builds "harmony" and "peace", and has the artistic conception of "harmony between time, place and people". If so, the cause will be prosperous and life will be auspicious! Explain the importance of human harmony, perhaps the following story can explain the problem better.
The hunter laid a net by the lake, and many birds were caught. However, these birds were very big and flew away with the net. The hunter ran after the bird, and the farmer saw it and said, "Where are you going? Can you catch up with the bird with one leg?" The hunter replied, "If