As for the literariness of composition, the author thinks that we should first focus on stimulating students' interest in writing and cultivating their literary sensibility, then use literary language, vivid literary thinking and literary imagination to enter the literary state, and then let students express the contents of real life by literary means and forms, instead of laying the foundation for cultivating writers in middle school (in a sense, writers are gifted, not cultivated).
Describing people's true stories and expressing people's true feelings can be regarded as grasping the essence of composition.
As a Chinese teacher, we should put forward the writing requirements of "describing true stories and expressing true feelings" to students at ordinary times, and give effective writing guidance, so that students can complete their writing tasks with good quality and quantity and improve their writing level. Only in this way can we truly grasp the root and lifeline of writing.
On the issue of authenticity, the previous discussion has certain enlightenment significance to us. Qing? Wang Fuzhi once said a very famous sentence: "What you experience is what you see. It is the iron gate limit. " Liu Da of Tongcheng School? Then he said, "For example, a skilled craftsman carries gold on his back and has no materials for civilian use. Even if there are common practices, where are the facilities? " Both ancient people emphasized the importance of real life in writing from the perspective of subject matter. Mao Dun said in "Preparation for Creation": "You should take a pencil and a herbal book with you. No matter where you go, you should keep your ears open, be alert like a sentry, and write down what you see and hear at any time ... "It is also the first place to put authenticity in writing. Hugo, a great French writer, clearly pointed out: "A poet should have only one mode, and that is nature." The "poet" here refers to literary artists, and "nature" refers to real life. When talking about writing, artists at all times and all over the world invariably emphasize the issue of "truth", which fully demonstrates the important position of "truth" in writing.
As for the question of expressing true feelings, there are many proverbs to clarify, such as "people who write articles express their feelings, people who read articles express their feelings with human feelings"; Writing for love; "Mountaineering is full of emotion, while watching the sea is full of meaning"; "People who touch people's hearts don't care about feelings first"; "Love is the foundation of literature"; "Those who cry strongly are not sad, and those who are angry are strict but not arrogant"; "Those who can describe the scenery and have true feelings are called the realm"; "Without emotional quality, no style can touch people's hearts"; "If all works are well written, it should be … singing the author's heart"; Articles are not heartless things, moving is mourning. True feelings are the basis of writing a good article. The true feelings are revealed, and the feelings are weak.
Looking at many excellent articles at home and abroad, it is enough to explain the significance of "highlighting true stories and expressing true feelings" Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" describes the true self, the true reality, and its feelings can shine. More than two thousand years have passed, but it is still full of vitality. You can still see a maverick Qu Yuan who cares about the country and the people. Han Yu's "Sacrifice to Twelve Lang" is about the family, the life experience and trivial matters of the characters, and repeatedly expresses infinite grief for the dead nephew. At the same time, he is full of regrets about his tragic life, which can be said to be a drop of blood and tears. That kind of pain, that kind of sadness, is deeply grieved. Gui Youguang's Ling Zhi, with the help of the rise and fall of Ling, describes his personal family chores and personnel changes, expresses his feelings about life and deeply misses his grandmother, mother and wife, making us feel as if we were there, making people cry. For example, Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An, Zhuge Liang's Model, Shimi's Chen Qingbiao, Yuan Mei's Letter to Sisters, Fang Bao's Miscellaneous Notes in Prison, Yao Nai's Record of Climbing Mount Tai, Lin Juemin's Letter to His Wife, etc., are all moved by a "truth"-a true story. Modern works, such as Lu Xun's "In Memory of Forgetting" and "In Memory of Liu Hezhen", are also typical works in this respect. Even the argumentative style cannot but follow this rule. Engels's "Speech at Marx's Tomb" is precisely because Engels is familiar with his comrades and close comrades-in-arms, and he really convinces people with reason and empathizes with people. Lu Xun's essays are still deeply loved by readers. These essays are penetrating, satirical, superior and penetrating. I don't think it is necessary to give more examples. These are enough to explain the problem. However, The Last Lesson of Dude, which is widely known in China, has no such lesson in French middle schools. Even many French people don't know who Dude is, just because the story of this novel doesn't match the reality. This shows the importance of literary authenticity from the opposite side!
How to seize this fundamental lifeline? "Expression and communication" in "Chinese Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High School (Experiment)" writes: "In writing teaching, teachers should encourage students to actively participate in life, experience life, pay attention to society, stimulate their writing desire, guide students to express their true feelings, and avoid taking the text personally. Instruct students to collect materials according to their writing needs, and conduct social surveys by means of interviews, inspections, seminars and questionnaires. , and get useful information through books, newspapers, files, the Internet, audio and video. " This points out the direction for our writing teaching. However, at present, middle school students rarely have the opportunity to participate in social practice. People and things in life and society basically turn a blind eye and turn a deaf ear to them, and will not take the initiative to observe and think. As Chinese teachers, we have the responsibility to let students know a simple and profound truth: truth is the life of composition. Especially when the new curriculum reform is going on vigorously, we should seize this opportunity to guide students to integrate into life and nature, to feel, experience, refine and sublimate their ordinary daily life. Students should be people who care about their own lives, be masters of their own lives, write about their own lives, write about their real experiences and feelings, express their true self-feelings, and then "write about familiar people, talk about things around them, and talk about common sense". Teachers in China should "encourage students to express freely, individually and creatively, so as to minimize the restrictions on writing" and let them "write from the heart" (in Zhang Zhongxing). As far as students are concerned, we must extract the most authentic, profound and shocking materials from our own life experiences and memories in our usual college entrance examination writing and composition, supplemented by certain writing skills, in order to write articles that praise the truth, the good and the beautiful, and castigate the false, the evil and the ugly. If so, it may cause emotional waves, or make the marking teacher feel like a lake, a snot and a tear; Or make the marking teacher feel happy, frown and smile, and of course the final score will naturally improve. More importantly, our composition teaching will return to the truth!
Above, the author emphasizes the authenticity of the composition, which seems to be enough. Doesn't the composition pay attention to literariness? Never!
Chinese teachers in Ye Xue have no responsibility and obligation to train writers, but they should lay a solid foundation for middle school students who have a strong interest in writing, further stimulate their literary interest, enhance their literary literacy, improve their writing level and develop their writing habits.
As middle school Chinese teachers, we should be aware that literature education has become the focus and hot spot of middle school Chinese education at present, and it is the future development direction of middle school Chinese education. Writing teaching should naturally transition to literary writing and become an integral part of literary education. Only in this way can students enjoy writing and write well, thus solving the problem that writing teaching is difficult to achieve much. Let's take a look at the composition questions in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination for many years. There are few restrictions on style, and the writing space is constantly expanding, which is a step towards literary writing. From the writing practice of middle school students, many students consciously imitate some effective writing skills (such as article layout, expression methods, lyric methods, etc.). ) to write; Or reasonably imagine and describe it on the basis of truth; Or, as Mr. Lu Xun said, "Take all kinds of people to form a family", or use short stories, essays, new stories, fairy tales, fables, dramas, poems, essays and other literary genres to portray people, express their lives, express their feelings and expound their views. In the college entrance examination, many excellent works appeared, such as Death of Red Freedom, Hanging on the Mirror (short story), Blue Pupa, Golden Butterfly, Qing Huan (prose), Strange Empty Laid-off, Miscellanies of Liangshan (new edition), Four-act Drama, Kongming Tearing Masu (drama), etc. However, it shows strong literariness, such as exhorting Qu Yuan (letter) and A Visit, which also have some innovative styles, and show a strong literary structure with their novel genres, such as From Tears to Blood-Notes on Sun Bin's Visit to Pale (interview with Pale), Qu Yuan Fu (classical Chinese), Choosing Three Layers (montage style) and It can be said that the literariness of the excellent composition in the college entrance examination every year makes people shine and amaze. It can be seen that the authenticity of the composition is very important, but the literariness of the composition can not be ignored.
To this end, we can try to guide students in literary writing from the following aspects in order to continuously improve the literariness of the composition.
1. Guide students to read literary works carefully.
Writing needs experience, and there are only two ways to increase experience. One is to take Wan Li Road, and the other is to read thousands of books, that is, to increase personal experience and broaden reading. We can't let students increase their personal experiences quickly, but we can choose to broaden our reading. This is also the return of education in China. If students are guided to read literary works carefully, their interest will be aroused. Teachers should pay attention to the taste of the language of literary works and guide students to experience it with their hearts. This is of great benefit to cultivating students' literary sensibility and literary sensitivity.
2. Guide students to start from rewriting.
Starting with rewriting Tang poetry and Song poetry, guide students to write poems and essays according to the situation. Students are also allowed to rewrite stories or write stories. When the time is ripe, students are allowed to write short stories and make up new stories to cultivate their imagination. In addition, students are encouraged to use literary genres and literary means to write stories and express their emotions, so as to improve the literariness of their compositions.
3. Encourage students to keep their interest and confidence in writing for a long time.
The key to the success of writing teaching lies in cultivating and maintaining students' interest in writing. For students' excellent works, teachers should be willing to work hard, patiently revise them and recommend them to newspapers and periodicals for publication, which can not only increase students' interest in writing, but also set an example for other students. At the same time, the teacher should sort out all the students' works or put them on the campus network for communication. The teacher should point out the bright spots of each work, even if a word is used well!
To sum it up. Authenticity and literariness are like the wings of a bird, and they are indispensable. Authenticity is the life of composition, and literariness is the pursuit of composition. Writing should not only insist on authenticity, but also pay attention to literariness, and the two complement each other. In this way, it is entirely possible for our writing teaching to achieve ideal results!