1826, a window opened slowly, which was more spacious than any previous window, showing a brand-new way of "seeing" to mankind. This window is located in the attic of the first house in Burgundy. Joseph Nicephore Nieupes took the first photo in human history from the vantage point of this small rural building-a vague photo with a courtyard, barns on both sides, a pigeon house and a chimney for baking bread. This Neo-Pace, who is about to join hands with the clever reformer Louis Jacques Mond Daguerre, is the first person with a fixed image. From these humble starting points, photography has changed the way we observe the world. Most importantly, Nieupus's invention enables us to leave our own figure in distant places or celebrities familiar with people, so as to share it with friends, strangers and future generations.
1844, telegram
No invention can make the world so small at once like telegraph, because telegraph can cross land and sea at the speed of 16 thousand miles per second. So on May 24th, 1844, when Samuel F? b？ When Morse started his first telegraph line from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore, he quoted a sentence from the Bible: "Look what God created."
Telegraph stimulated the development of multinational corporations and intercontinental railways, and also helped to change the speed and scale of wars, which greatly prospered journalism. 1848, six newspapers formed the predecessor of the Associated Press, collecting and publishing reports by telegraph. Soon, people all over the world will be able to see the important events that happened in every corner of the world that day.
185 1 year, sewing machine
1830, when Bartholomew Le Monier, a French tailor, applied for a patent for the first sewing machine, his colleagues felt that they would become obsolete. This new machine can sew 200 stitches per minute, while manual sewing can only sew 30 stitches per minute. 184 1 year, they looted Timoni's shop in Paris. Therefore, the honor of leading the garment industry automation falls on the son of a German-American immigrant, Isaac Mei Lite Singh, who improved elias howe's early design in 185 1. 1856, Singh was the first to put forward the method of installment payment, so that people could afford sewing machines.
1854, oxygen blowing method
Since13rd century, Swedes have been melting iron in crucibles to make small-scale steel. However, it was not until 1864, when the British inventor Henry Bismarck set out to build a more powerful cannon for Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, that someone found a way to make high-strength steel, which can withstand the explosion of shells or support bridges. Bismarck's method is to burn off excess carbon in molten iron with oxygen flow. Since then, mankind has entered the Iron Age.
Soon, steel built a tall building and outlined the outline of the building in the air. It propped up bridges on the river, paved the rails all over the world, and made America a car kingdom. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, the annual output of steel in American factories reached 8.5 million tons.
1854, elevator
A 40-year-old unsuccessful mechanic, with a neat moustache and a top hat, stood on a platform. This platform is hung high by a cable wound around a drive shaft and above the audience attending the new york Expo 1854. Suddenly, Eliza Graves Oddis ordered the cable to be cut. The audience held their breath. The platform dropped a few feet and then stopped. Oddis took off his hat and cheered, "completely safe, gentlemen, completely safe." The elevator was born in this city.
The elevator had already appeared before this. But Oddis designed a kind of spring, and put two Kouga in the V-shaped cut of the slide to prevent the cable from breaking, so he built the world's first safety elevator.
1867, explosives
If alfred nobel hadn't invented explosives in 1867, it might have taken centuries to dig this 92-mile canal leading to Los Angeles, but now it only takes seven years. With explosives, dams, railways, highways, Panama Canal, soil and rich mineral resources were built. Nobel's invention is to mix sand as absorbent with nitroglycerin to make a stick. The invention can safely transport explosives to any battlefield and construction site. For a time, human beings can re-plan their own environment and then destroy what they have done with their own hands.
1876, telephone
March 1876, 10 A simple message was sent by telephone for the first time in the world: "Mr. Watson, I need you here", but the invention of Alexander Graham Bell changed the way people communicate forever. For 20 years, Bell has always dreamed of transmitting sound by wire. When he tried to invent an improved telegraph, he found a phenomenon that made the telephone possible: the sound absorbed into the drum-shaped film must first be converted into electromagnetic waves.
With the help of technical assistant thomas watson, Bell found a way to send these electromagnetic waves to the receiver and restore them to sound. The company he helped to establish later became "AT&T Company", one of the largest companies in the world.
Today, there are about 750 million telephone users in the world. Computers including 6.5438+007 million Internet users share this network. Writing letters has entered a surprising recovery stage-but this time it was done by phone and email.
1876, light bulb
1876, Thomas Alva Edison built a two-story square building in Manle Park, which was the first factory in the world to invent rather than produce. 1879, the research team of Manle Park experimented with a cardboard filament, which may glow for several days after carbonization. After more than 1000 experiments, Edison finally succeeded. He invented the incandescent light bulb with a wide range of uses. His goal is not to invent the electric light-someone invented the electric light several years ago. He wants to invent a durable and cheap light bulb and a complete set of power system from power plant to socket, so that electric lights can be widely used. Before Edison, people could only live in dazzling, flashing, short-lived and dangerous artificial light.
1895, x-ray
With more and more scientific breakthroughs, X-ray was discovered by accident by German physicist wilhelm rontgen while studying the characteristics of electricity. 1895,165438+1October 8th, he got this unexpected harvest. He put a vacuum test tube with a wire at one end into a cassette, and then turned off the light in the laboratory.
When he electrified the test tube, a magical fluorescence began to glow. He put his hand in front of the screen and became the first person to see the shadow of his bones.
Two months later, Roentgen announced his discovery, which immediately caused a sensation. Magazines published poems about X-rays, and Victorian shops in London were plastered with advertisements for X-ray-proof clothing. A few months later, doctors began to use this new technology to look at the broken bones and bullets in the wounded. Later, this technology was improved, reducing the side effects such as burns and hair loss. In 1970s, X-ray photography shortened the exposure time, thus reducing the risk of cancer. The following related technologies, from CAT scanning to MRI, open a window for exploring the structure of things and conducting human research.
190 1 year radio
In the early 20th century, few people could imagine that electromagnetic waves could travel any meaningful distance without any metal wires or cables as conductors. So how do radio signals travel along the surface of the earth? Of course, it can shoot straight off the horizon. But Guillermo Marconi believes that radio waves can travel along the surface of the earth if some conditions are provided. 1895, in his birthplace of Italy, he sent out a radio signal, which passed 1? 5 miles; Six years later, that is, 190 1 year 12 February 12 year, Marconi, who was only 27 years old, created a miracle. He tied the radio antenna firmly to a flying kite and sent a Morse code "S". It flew about 2000 miles across the Atlantic. This signal was sent from Huzhen, Polder, Cornwall, England, and reached St. John's in Newfoundland in less than 1 second. Marconi heard three faint ticks. This is the voice of the birth of the communication industry and the first shock wave of the arrival of the electronic age. This era includes radio broadcasting, television and mobile phones-so this is a discovery that will open our imagination.
1903 aircraft
Orville Wright and wilbur wright were able to fly their plane made of wood, wires and cloth for 59 seconds before sunset. However, few newspapers are willing to comment on this matter, because the idea that humans fly into the sky to become contemporary Daedalus and Icarus is considered absurd by most sober people. But once successful, the development of this undertaking is extremely rapid. In fact, it was only after 15 years that various parts of modern aircraft were manufactured, if not all, then at least ideas about them had been born.
1928 penicillin
People call penicillin the most contribution medicine in this century, and its inventor is British bacteriologist alexander fleming. 1928, in a bacterial culture experiment, the inventor happened to find that a mold later called penicillin was devouring the bacteria he cultivated in a Petri dish. According to Fleming's research results, after ten years' efforts, researchers at Oxford University in England finally found a way to refine this mold and put it into medical experiments. 1943, in order to treat soldiers injured in World War II, the Allies began to put penicillin into industrial production. For more than half a century, penicillin has saved countless lives, prompting people to pay attention to the research and development of antibiotic family.
1923 TV set
The inventor of TV set is john baird, a British electronic engineer. In 1923, he applied for a patent for a device that can generate 8 lines of images. The first TV set was sold at the end of 1930. 1932, BBC broadcast the first standardized TV program in the world. Since then, mankind has begun to step into the television era. Today, people use satellites and other channels to spread TV signals to every corner of the earth.
1942 nuclear weapons
The atomic age began at 1942. In order to defeat the Axis fascism, the highest authorities in the United States decided to launch the Manhattan Project aimed at developing atomic weapons. At the end of the year, as part of the Manhattan Project, the first nuclear reactor was built and put into operation under a sports facility of the University of Chicago. 1On July 6th, 945, a mushroom cloud rose from the Atomic Energy Research Center in Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, and the world's first atomic bomb exploded successfully. On August 6th and 9th of that year, the United States dropped two atomic bombs named "Fat Man" and "Little Boy" in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The Japanese emperor then announced his unconditional surrender. The atomic bomb seems to have made great contributions to the victory of World War II, but mankind has lived in the shadow of terrible atomic weapons ever since.
1943 computer
Computer is the foundation of human society entering the information age, but it was born because of war. 1943, in order to decipher the German code, the British mathematician alan turing designed the first electromechanical computer named "Giant". Although it is only an imaginary computer for decoding, it initiated the development of computer technology, which is changing with each passing day. 1947, the transistor computer came out; 1959, the integrated circuit computer was born; 1970, computer produced large-scale integrated circuits; Since 1980s, a new generation of microcomputers have mushroomed. On this basis, mankind has ushered in a new network era.