1. Pay attention to preview and learn to teach yourself.
Be sure to translate word for word with the help of notes before class, and don't wait for the teacher to explain. Pay attention to find out difficult sentences and submit them to class discussion, and ask teachers and classmates for advice. It is necessary to classify keywords, highlight key points and break through difficulties. There are many notional words in classical Chinese that are polysemy and multi-purpose. We should be good at memorizing, comparing, summarizing and sorting out, and learn "words" vividly.
2. Follow the principle of "word for word" to understand and experience.
Whether it is a notional word or a function word, its meaning and usage are always displayed in a specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese words, don't memorize them by rote, but try to figure them out in combination with "context".
3. Remember the main classical Chinese sentence patterns
There are five kinds of Chinese classic sentence patterns: judgmental sentence, interrogative sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence and inversion sentence, and each sentence pattern has several different forms. Remember the form that is easy to remember and understand.
Second, Chinese textbooks emphasize the reading and reciting of classical Chinese, with the intention of enabling students to master the knowledge of classical Chinese, understand the meaning of the text and cultivate their language perception ability through more reading and reciting. Reading can be divided into four steps:
1. Read the text roughly with the help of notes.
Finish the rough reading task in the preview. The primary task of rough reading is to dredge the text, and then perceive the text on this basis, and grasp the structure of the text as a whole. Combine your notes, read it two or three times according to the context, and then guess, you should be able to understand the text. In rough reading, you should draw difficult words for discussion in class.
2. Ask questions, solve problems and read the text carefully
Through intensive reading in class, we should be able to correct pronunciation, orthomorphism and sentence break accurately, solve the problems encountered in rough reading and analyze the structure of the article. We should improve our understanding of the content of the article.
3. Deeply understand and read the text.
Try to read tone, intonation and rhythm in intensive reading. Through intensive reading, we can deeply comprehend and understand the work, feel the emotion of the article and grasp the characteristics of the article.
4. Appreciate and evaluate, and be familiar with the text
This step mainly depends on the initiative of students after class. We should be familiar with reading, strengthen the learning effect of classical Chinese vocabulary, and deepen our understanding of the content and structure of the text. We should consciously improve our literary appreciation and evaluation ability.
First, the classification accumulation method.
There is such a famous saying that "there is no accumulation, no miles; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become rivers and seas. " The accumulation of knowledge is the basis of improving ability, and the accumulation of classical Chinese knowledge is mainly in vocabulary. Students can prepare a notebook to collect, classify, organize and accumulate with emphasis and pertinence. For example: 1, the accumulation of different meanings in ancient and modern times. There are four common situations of different meanings in ancient and modern times: ① the expansion of word meaning; (2) the narrowing of the meaning; For example, the word "wife" in The Story of Peach Blossom Garden means "wife and children" in ancient times and "man's spouse" in modern times, which means in a narrow sense. ③ Transfer of word meaning; (4) The change of emotional color of word meaning. In addition, there are the accumulation of interchangeable words and function words. Through classification, comparison and accumulation, students can not only improve their ability to analyze classical Chinese vocabulary, but also realize the happiness and benefits brought by learning accumulation. 2. The accumulation of function words in classical Chinese. Function words "Zhi", "Hu", "Zhe" and "Ye" appear frequently. 3. The accumulation of flexible use of parts of speech. 4. The accumulation of inverted sentences.
Second, familiar reading methods.
Reading aloud is a traditional learning method in China. This is the truth that "a book will find its meaning after reading it a hundred times" and "read 300 Tang poems well, even if you can't write poems, you can sing". First, refer to reference books, annotate new words with notes, and read the text clearly and accurately; Read and understand the text as a whole by combining preview tips or self-reading tips. Secondly, we should cultivate a sense of language in reading aloud. From the psychological point of view, reading aloud is a necessary means to cultivate language sense and improve language learning effect. Relevant research data show that human organs can communicate and interact with each other. When we open our mouth and read aloud, we not only move our oral organs, but also act on our ears. When language sense information is input to human visual and auditory organs, the brain feels it almost simultaneously, the time difference is greatly reduced, the accuracy is greatly improved, and the efficiency of understanding and perception is doubled.
Third, think about questioning methods.
Now that students have more information at hand, it will inevitably make them rely on their thoughts, and they will not listen carefully and pay attention to thinking in class. They always feel that the material says, why bother? In this way, it will affect their ability to learn classical Chinese. For example, I ask students to close all the information books in class. This situation can be changed by independent thinking and classroom questioning, which requires students to make full preparations for preview: first, circle the words they don't understand on the basis of self-reading; Secondly, try to find out the key sentences in the article and sort out the difficult sentences in your understanding; Then try to tell the text in the form of stories. At the same time, words can also be questioned. Persisting in learning classical Chinese in this way can not only cultivate students' good reading habits, but also help improve their reading ability.
Fourth, semantic reasoning.
It is the key to learn classical Chinese well, clarify the main idea of the article and remove the obstacles in writing. Students can seek hidden information, infer the meaning of difficult words and cultivate their reasoning ability according to the context. 1. Contact the context and infer the meaning in combination with the context. Classical Chinese has certain rules to follow because of the unique laws and writing habits of Chinese characters. Cultivating the habit of inferring the meaning of words in combination with context is helpful to improve the ability of translating classical Chinese. 2. Inferring semantics by connecting with old knowledge. In the process of learning, students should be good at connecting with old knowledge, synthesizing, comparing and classifying. By comparing the old knowledge with the new knowledge, we can draw inferences, which not only consolidates the old knowledge, gains new knowledge, but also cultivates the ability. It's really called "reviewing the past and learning the new".
Five, the corresponding translation methods.
There are many ways to translate classical Chinese. Such as reservation, deletion, adjustment and so on. I think the most basic method is to adopt the principle of one-to-one correspondence and strive to realize all translatable words. Understand the notes below the text, and with the help of reference books, use today's words to express the meaning of classical Chinese sentences. If you don't understand, please ask the teacher for advice. On this basis, the language is supplemented, deployed and standardized with the grammatical requirements of modern Chinese. As for the names of people, places, countries, years and officials in classical Chinese, it is ok to keep them.
Paying attention to the study of classical Chinese and mastering effective learning methods will help students master knowledge comprehensively and solidly. Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients and is no longer used in our real life. But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese.
That's all, I hope you like it! ! !