I. Introduction to the Games
Under the guidance of Olympism, the Olympic Movement is an international social movement with sports and the four-year Olympic celebration-the Olympic Games as its main activities, which promotes the all-round development of human physiology, psychology and social morality, communicates mutual understanding among people of all countries, popularizes Olympism all over the world and maintains world peace.
1,1On June 23rd, 894, when Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator known as the "father of the Olympics" and 79 representatives from 12 countries decided to set up the International Olympic Committee and start the Olympic Movement, this feat was once the object of irony. One hundred years later, the Olympic Games has become a festival celebrated all over the world, and the Olympic movement has attracted the active participation of 202 countries and regions.
2. 1998, the famous Life magazine published the most important events and figures in the past Millennium selected by 1000 historians, and Coubertin's feat of restoring the Olympic Games in 1896 was among them, which was regarded as one of the Millennium events.
3. The Olympic Movement is a rare masterpiece of human society, which fully demonstrates the various functions of sports, and its influence goes far beyond the scope of sports. It has produced a series of influences that cannot be ignored in politics, economy, philosophy, culture, art and news media in the contemporary world.
The Olympic movement is the product of the times. The industrial revolution has greatly expanded the economic, political and cultural ties among all ethnic groups in the world, and the exchanges between countries have become increasingly close. There is an urgent need to strengthen international mutual understanding through various means of communication. The appearance of the Olympic Movement adapts to the needs of this society and is the inevitable product of the development of human society to a certain stage.
Olympic Games, Football World Cup and World Formula One Championship are called the three major sports events in the world.
Second, the bidding process
1. The bidding city shall submit a written application to the IOC.
The International Olympic Committee started bidding eight years before the Olympic Games and set a clear deadline. Cities wishing to host the Olympic Games must apply to the International Olympic Committee in a formal written form before this date. The application report must be approved by the National Olympic Committee and signed by the government to show its support. If more than two cities in the same country are interested in bidding, the Olympic Committee of that country will determine one of them.
2. The Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee makes a preliminary screening of the cities that submitted the bid.
3. The IOC Evaluation Committee conducts field visits to the bidding cities. The IOC and the IFs in charge of the Olympic Games issue relevant forms and questionnaires to investigate the conditions of bidding cities. These problems are very specific and detailed, involving all aspects of hosting the Olympic Games.
The evaluation committee will personally go to the bidding city for on-the-spot investigation, and submit the investigation results to the IOC in the form of a written report, which will be distributed to each member as one of the reference basis for the members to vote at the final plenary session.
The IOC plenary session voted to decide the host city.
The IOC signs a contract with the host city.
Three. Olympic manifesto
1,1892165438+1On October 25th, Baron Coubertin gave a wonderful speech at the conference held at Sorbonne University in Paris to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the French Athletics Federation. He called on people to "persistently pursue and realize great and beneficial undertakings based on modern living conditions." This historic speech, which is extremely rich in content and full of enthusiasm, was later called the Olympic Declaration.
2. 19 14 years, the European war broke out. This speech was not published in a war environment, so Coubertin had to hide it quietly. 1937, Coubertin died of an acute heart attack. With the disappearance of the speech, the once inspiring and exciting declaration seems to be gradually forgotten. Marquis Dama is the sole holder of Coubertin's right to spread the Olympic Declaration.
3.0 12, in 2008, to commemorate the 45th anniversary of Coubertin's birthday/kloc-0, the world premiere celebration of the Olympic Declaration in Chinese, French and English was held in Beijing. One hundred years after the manuscript of the Olympic Manifesto was lost, China entered the Olympic Year. With the consent of President Rogge of the International Olympic Committee and Marquis de Dama, the French copyright owner, Civilization magazine published the Olympic Manifesto in French and English for the first time in the world.
Four. Olympic symbol
The Olympic Games has a series of unique and distinctive symbols, such as Olympic logo, motto, Olympic flag, anthem, emblem, medal and mascot. These signs have rich cultural connotations and vividly reflect the value orientation and cultural connotation of the Olympic ideal.
1, the Olympic five-ring symbol, consists of five Olympic rings in five colors: blue, black, red, yellow and green. The meaning of the five rings symbolizes the unity of the five continents and the gathering of athletes from all over the world in the Olympic Games with fair and frank competition and friendly spirit.
According to the Olympic Charter, the property rights of Olympic symbols, Olympic flag, Olympic motto and Olympic anthem belong to the exclusive rights of the International Olympic Committee. The IOC may take all appropriate measures to protect Olympic symbols, flags, mottos and songs at home and abroad according to law.
3. The Olympic flag was designed by Coubertin himself in 19 13, with a length of 3m and a width of 2m. 19 14 It was first put forward at the Olympic Congress in Paris to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic Movement. 1920 The Antwerp Olympic Games was officially adopted. The top of the Olympic flag has three rings of blue, black and red, and the bottom has two rings of yellow and green.
4.65438-0958 At the 55th Olympic Summit held in Tokyo, the IOC finally decided to use the Olympic anthem (Ode to samaras) as the Olympic anthem. Its music score is kept in ioc headquarters. Since then, this melodious ancient Greek music can be heard at the opening and closing ceremonies of every Olympic Games.
Extended data:
The highest in history
1, the most chaotic Olympic Games
1900 Paris, France, the second Olympic Games and? France 1900 Paris World Expo? Meanwhile. Except for the improper arrangement of the competition, most athletes didn't know that they were attending the Olympic Games rather than the World Expo until after the competition. Strangely, I didn't even know I was a champion after the shooting championship.
2. The longest Olympic Games
1908 The whistle of the 4th Olympic Games held in London, England sounded as early as April 27th, and it didn't close until June 3rd 10, which lasted for more than six months, making it the longest Olympic Games ever.
3. The most wasteful host country
1The total expenditure of the 2 1 Olympic Games held in Montreal, Canada in 1976 was about1500 million US dollars. The luxury venues planned by the organizers eventually brought more than 800 million US dollars to the city, and the stadium was not completed at the opening of the Olympic Games.
Due to the soaring cost and excessive expenditure, the original plan has not been realized so far, resulting in a deficit of more than 800 million US dollars, and the municipal government has to ask citizens to pay the "Olympic tax". Montreal Olympic Games is the most wasteful Olympic Games, and it is also the first Olympic Games in which citizens pay "Olympic tax".
4. The most expensive Olympic Games
The 22nd Olympic Games held in Moscow, the former Soviet Union 1980 was the most expensive. It is reported that the former Soviet Union spent a total of $9.2 billion to host this Olympic Games. This is a record number in the history of the Olympic Games. This Olympic Games has greatly developed the Pheko Stadium.
According to statistics, the number of large stadiums has increased from more than 50 to nearly 70, the number of artificial swimming pools has increased from more than 30 to more than 60, and the number of gymnasiums has increased from more than 1300 to more than 1600 ... At the same time, urban buildings have been integrated and the transportation network has been improved.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Olympics