Writing ideas: First, briefly describe and predict China's development, then analyze the direction of Sino-US relations and possible problems, and express your own views.
A brief discussion on the current situation and future development trends of Sino-US relations. As we all know, modern diplomacy began when Western nation-states became independent one after another, and the diplomacy that adheres to the principle of "nation-state supremacy" began with French Cardinal Richelieu. , Richelieu had a profound influence on modern diplomacy. From Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo to the Congress of Vienna, the diplomacy of the Metternich era pursued the "Principle of European Coordination", which meant that conservative forces in Europe united to contain revolutionary forces out of common national interests.
After Bismarck unified Germany, he broke the balance of power diplomacy and pursued the "principle of realpolitik", that is, formulating national foreign policy based on national strength and interests. As former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill said, "There are no permanent friends between countries, only eternal interests." After China was forced to open its borders in 1840, it actually gradually became a semi-colony of the Western powers, and became a target of competition for their flesh and blood. As the saying goes, "A weak country has no diplomacy." Before the founding of New China, China basically had no independent diplomacy of its own. What I want to discuss here are the changes in China’s foreign policy after 1949.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to ideological reasons and considerations of national interests, China pursued a one-sided foreign policy, that is, allying with the Soviet Union to fight against the Western capitalist world. In 1960, due to the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, China became the "spokesperson of the Third World", anti-US imperialism and anti-Soviet revisionism. Facts have proved that this policy of purely ideological foreign dominance and sacrificing national interests is undesirable. The isolationist foreign policy implemented by China from 1960 to 1971 was aimed at safeguarding national sovereignty.
Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 broke the bipolar pattern between the United States and the Soviet Union and formed a triangular relationship between China, the United States, and the Soviet Union. China and the United States joined forces to fight against the Soviet Union, which was in full swing at the time, in order to curb the expansion of the Soviet Union. This historic diplomatic change has had a significant impact on China's development. China no longer uses ideology as the basis for foreign policy formulation, but instead uses national interests as the cornerstone of foreign policy formulation. Because the improvement of relations with the United States objectively promoted China's subsequent reform and opening up.
China has gradually integrated into the international economic order. Today's Chinese foreign policy is developed on this basis. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States became the dominant power. Although Russia has lost its glory, it still has a certain influence on the world. Europe is still a long way from the formation of a country and cannot yet form a unified political entity. But the EU has long wanted to unite to break away from U.S. influence. Since Japan became the world's second economic power in 1968, it has been pursuing the restoration of its status as a normal country in order to change its international status of "economic giant, political dwarf".
With its economic rise, India also wants to pursue the status of a great power and dominate South Asia. Handling relations with these countries is the focus of contemporary China's diplomacy. Relations with the United States are the top priority. As we all know, the United States is the only superpower in the world today, and has been playing the role of a veritable "world policeman" since World War II. Although some scholars say that the United States is in decline, such as after "911", the Iraq War, and the current financial crisis, it still possesses unparalleled superpower.