Excellent reading experience of Zhuangzi 1 Throughout Zhuangzi, all theories and fables have only one mystery, that is, the avenue conforms to nature. So what is the real avenue of heaven and earth? Avenue is just a rule. In other words, all the rules between heaven and earth must conform to the laws of nature, and heaven is the avenue! How can people know the avenue? How can I settle down on the avenue? How can we get to the avenue? When we forget the reference objects of life coordinates one by one and truly understand our own hearts, we grasp our unique self in life. In this world, people will encounter too many things, all opportunities will come, all storms will go, and grasp themselves in every opportunity. This is what Taoism calls the way of heaven and earth.
What Zhuangzi finally wants to remind the world is called: "Those who are lost in things and vulgar are called inverted people." If a person loses self in the material world, if a person loses temperament in the secular world, this person will completely put the cart before the horse. Material is often a kind of interest, which will confuse our judgment; Secularity is often a kind of speech, a kind of vision, which can disturb our values. If a person loses self to things and sexual desire to vulgarity, then he will never find his true inner value and strength.
How can people not lose? How can I not get lost? It is because we have to understand that everything we encounter in front of us will eventually be crossed. There are too many beautiful things, we enjoy the present, but this kind of beauty will always pass; There is a lot of pain, and if you want to carry it over, this pain will pass. Each of us should remember this sentence "Everything will pass". Glory will pass, glory will pass, and suffering will pass. Everything around us is just the past. Just as our life passes through it, we should investigate the quality of every moment.
Zhuangzi said that between heaven and earth, people who truly understand their own hearts are called people who are good at keeping in good health. So, who really knows his heart? The great wisdom of life is to give charcoal in the snow, not always icing on the cake. The icing on the cake is for others to see, and the gift in the snow is for yourself. In this world, what is really important is to know ourselves and take this road with our own life, which will make us take fewer detours. Zhuangzi believes that the world should return to its original state. In other words, there is less external morality, so don't trust skills too much. Let's go back to the simplest and most primitive state. The competition in modern society is fierce, and some people even resort to unscrupulous means to gain benefits and reputation. The significance of Zhuangzi to us modern people lies in that we are more simple and natural, and less opportunistic and deliberate, otherwise, we may lose ourselves in this vast world. How can we really integrate the limited life into the road of nature? Zhuangzi said: "Do everything, but make peace with heaven." . A person's own behavior is empty and calm, so that the heart can really calm down, not panic, not confused, which is in line with the virtue of heaven. Many times life will be desperate. After falling into a desperate situation, only by relying on your clear judgment and calm heart can you really get out of the desperate situation. Life is limited, time is short, and between heaven and earth, each of us conforms to the way of nature. Finally, the perfection of every life is this sentence: "Everyone's life is in our own hands."
The excellent reading experience of Zhuangzi is "doing nothing", which is my impression of Zhuangzi before reading Zhuangzi. After reading it, it's still inaction. In the process of reading, there are almost no obstacles to the understanding of Zhuangzi Thought, as if that were the case. These thoughts and feelings were thought about a long time ago, but a systematic and positive explanation was found here.
Zhuangzi, surnamed Zhuang Mingzhou, was a member of the Song Dynasty in the Warring States Period and one of the representatives of Taoism. He was also called "Laozi" with Laozi. According to the investigation of Zhuangzi in the preface of the book, there are few historical records about Zhuangzi, and the earliest existing historical data is Sima Qian's Historical Records, with only 100 words. As the saying goes: God is useless to those who don't have themselves, and saints are nameless.
Zhuangzi will occasionally appear in the book, and further elaborate the Taoist point of view through some life stories. In these deeds, the image of Zhuangzi is more vivid than the inaction advocated by Taoism. For example, in the debate with Keiko, whether it's about "Great Mystery", "Big Tree" or "Zi Fei Yu", we can feel Zhuangzi's "righteousness"; But when he was "wandering in the fan of the carving mausoleum" and forgot his body because of "a strange magpie", he was unhappy for three days, and his little waywardness was evident; And Zhuangzi passed Keiko's grave and said the fable of "a skillful craftsman's stone is made of chalk", lamenting that "since the death of the master, I have nothing to say", which shows that he is a man with temperament. And these are his real revelations, such as: keeping it safe, that is, returning to its true nature.
If "away from the hubbub" is Zhuangzi's ideal pursuit, then "unity of knowledge and practice, contentment is always happy" is the reality in his eyes. Many people feel that Zhuangzi's world outlook is very negative after seeing the theory of "knowing and doing as one, being at ease". However, Zhuangzi lived in the Warring States Period. At that time, there was a constant scuffle between countries, counselors went to various countries to seek fame, a hundred schools of thought contended endlessly, promising and talented people were killed in vain, and people all over the world were miserable. It is really necessary if you want to save your life in troubled times and keep your innocent nature at the same time. Even in today's era when there is no war in this country, it is not difficult to save life, but it is not easy to maintain its true colors. In this way, whether it is positive or negative depends on what individuals value more, which should also be a sentence in the article. Some people think it's okay to do this or that, and it's the same from a certain point of view. However, Zhuangzi regards absolute pure life as the highest pursuit, and only the theory of "carefree" and "inaction" can reach this realm. As the saying goes: this is also a right and wrong, and there is also a right and wrong.
Zhuangzi, which systematically explains Zhuangzi's thoughts, is one of the important representative works of Taoism. The book consists of 33 articles, which are divided into internal articles, external articles and miscellaneous articles. It is said that there are many fake articles, and a very important method to distinguish authenticity is writing. Zhuangzi's style is unrestrained, sometimes "riding the clouds", "flying dragons" and "living in the world"; From time to time, he brushed away the veil of secular disputes, reprimanded the three emperors and five emperors, and denounced benevolence, righteousness, propriety and music; Sometimes he talks about the right way for people and whips sophistry. In his article, the vast universe exists with the end of autumn, but it is not contradictory, as if it were natural. His thoughts are unpredictable and carefree, as if he had obtained peerless materials between heaven and earth, and carved such amazing works with the skill of ghosts and gods.
In the process of reading, I have to think about some words. The following sections are some opinions, but they do not necessarily represent the views in Zhuangzi's book. This is a bit of debris found in the dross of ancient people's thoughts, but it may be just an illusion.
Tao. What is Tao? Tao is the origin of the universe and the foundation of the formation of all things in heaven and earth. Where is the knife? Tao is everywhere, great as the universe, humble as ants. Do you know Tao? Tao can be known, not passed on, not taught or said. Who can get this word? Those who really get the Tao don't know, those who are close to the Tao know that they can't speak, and those who know that they can speak can't get the Tao.
-Really. "if you prevent it, you will return to its truth."
-Change. Everything in the world conforms to the Tao of nature and changes all the time, but the Tao will last forever until people stick to the only Tao and change with everything.
-inaction. "Doing nothing without doing anything".
-Everything. Heaven and earth are born with me, and everything is one with me. Without dignity, benevolence, courtesy and right and wrong, everything in the world exists equally.
Finally, I want to mention a feeling that has not been verified and may not be correct:
Many immortal masterpieces emphasize a similar point. The morality, concept and judgment of right and wrong in this world are defined according to people's needs, but this is not the essence of this world. Nietzsche's Zarathustra said, "If human beings want to stay in the world, they must first measure all beings, so they have defined the meaning of all beings, and of course there are people!" There is a saying in Zhuangzi, "If you give it, why not?" I remember a similar view in Walden Lake. Both of them are about the natural nature of life, but they have different views. What Zhuangzi said is to obey it and not make any changes to it; Thoreau said, we should find it, overthrow the shackles of various orders in the world, and re-establish a new order in our cognition and attitude towards the world; Nietzsche said that we should recognize it, transcend it, stand at the top of power and become a superman.
On this point, I prefer the views of Thoreau and Nietzsche.
Excellent reading experience of the famous book Zhuangzi 3 Everything is natural, but they cooperate with each other.
In the history of ancient literature in China, there is a kind of book called "fantastic book". Such books are not only philosophical books with profound thoughts, but also shine with the essence of literary talent; It is not only full of poetic words, but also contains profound philosophical thinking, which is extraordinary and refined. Among these "fantastic books", Zhuangzi is the most interesting and spiritual one.
There are countless benevolent and virtuous people in the history of China, which can be described as a hundred flowers blooming, each with its own merits. But of all the flowers, I like Zhuangzi best.
Zhuangzi is another great thinker after Laozi's Taoism, and an unpredictable and unusual person. He knew everything, but he didn't give up everything. He knew that human beings have endless defects and diseases, but he did not live in seclusion in the mountains and lived a lonely and clean life. All he did was travel around the world singing songs.
Zhuangzi pursues absolute freedom of thought. Happy travel is one of the representatives. Full of strange imagination and romantic colors, pursuing the highest realm of life. "Take the meaning of heaven and earth, resist the debate of six qi, and swim endlessly." Absolute freedom without any restrictions.
"Heaven and earth are born with me, and everything is one with me." Abandon the bondage of personal thoughts and body and mind, gain the great wisdom of the universe and the world, and live with everything forever. You don't have to deliberately pursue the standard of what is right and wrong, and stay away from those troubles that are not worthy of attention. Everything will be fine naturally.
What impressed me most about Zhuangzi was some of his comments. Smile at each other, never go against your will, and become friends. I have a feeling of meeting Zhuangzi after a brief encounter. Wake up the dreamer in one word.
"mortal hearts are in danger and mountains and rivers." To put it bluntly, it is no wonder that China people are not interested in exploring natural mountains and rivers, but are exploring people's hearts.
"Don't be happy, don't be sad, don't be prosperous, don't be ugly and don't be poor." I wish I could be happy. Excessive pursuit of fame and fortune leads to nothing. It's better to stop early and be content, and naturally everything will be fine.
"The whole world praises but doesn't remonstrate, and the whole world doesn't curse." Look at this sentence. Many people in China are average, standardized and moderate, and few people are as maverick as Zhuangzi.
The ancients said, "The writings of the Warring States are deeper than Bixing, that is, they are taken in depth." This is especially appropriate for Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi's Fable XIX. Zhuangzi's prose, full of Wang Yang and full of interest, is unparalleled in classical prose, and because of this, it has built a magnificent artistic realm.
I read Zhuangzi and read him: "Wandering outside the dirt, carefree." I read Zhuangzi, and I read him: "Know what heaven does, know what people do." I read Zhuangzi, and I read him: "It's the opposite to be cautious and independent." ……
Reading Zhuangzi is like flowing water. Look closely, there are green hills outside the building, white clouds outside the mountain, and the lonely village is surrounded by water.
Man has nothing left, God is useless, and saints are nameless.
Zhuangzi, the saint is unknown.
Excellent reading experience of Zhuangzi 4 When studying Zhuangzi, Professor Yu Dan told an interesting story: Two brothers lived in an 80-story building. One night, they came home with their bags, but they just caught the power outage. In desperation, they had to climb the stairs and learn from Zhuangzi. Not long after they reached the 20th floor, they began to feel a little tired. After discussion, they decided to put their backpacks on the 20th floor and pick them up another day. The two men who took off their backpacks felt very relaxed, talking and laughing, and went to the 40th floor with great interest. By this time, the two brothers were very tired, then they blamed each other and began to make noise. When the noise reached the 60th floor, I was too tired to speak, so I had to calm down and climb up the last 20th floor quietly. Finally, on the 80th floor, two brothers stood in front of their house, but suddenly remembered that they had left their keys in their backpacks on the 20th floor.
I have heard this story before. At that time, I just laughed at the forgetfulness and confusion of the two brothers. I didn't expect that it also contained philosophy of life. Professor Yu Dan said that the process of brothers climbing stairs in the story also reflected people's lives. In the initial stage of life, everyone is in high spirits. We carry heavy bags, which contain ideals, obligations and many wishes. We are not afraid of difficulties and obstacles, starting from the first step at our feet. At the age of 20, it is time for people to enter the society and agree with some social rules. At this time, we will feel that society has given us a lot of burdens, and we are too tired to stand up. It's not too late to settle the backpack on your shoulder and wait until you have enough food and clothing, fame and fortune, and then go back and pick up your dreams. It's really easy to unload the baggage at first, but as we get older, we accumulate more and more, the struggle becomes more and more fierce, and our hearts become more and more anxious. At this time, people can't help but complain that society has failed them, paying too much and paying too little. After 40 years old, those high-spirited things have passed, and people have become tired and decadent. By the time you reach the age of 60, you will be old. Old age should be beautiful and worth cherishing. Stop complaining and be quiet and obedient. Finally, at the age of 80, life almost came to an end. At this time, people will suddenly feel lost and recall the most precious things in this life. Never open the dream, left in the 20-year-old bag, but never come back.
The story is very interesting, and the philosophy contained in it is also thought-provoking, which is worth thinking about and learning from. In the first 20 years of life, everyone spent it under the careful care of parents and the supervision and care of teachers. A stable life is very simple and enjoyable. Everyone must have accumulated their own beautiful dreams on this road of growth, made a satisfactory plan for their future life, and longed to face a broader stage of society. You can really enter the society, and you need a person to face and bear the wind and waves. Facts have proved that reality is much more cruel than imagined. When you hit a wall everywhere, those beautiful dreams will be broken and shattered. On the one hand, it is a beautiful dream with nothing, on the other hand, it is a realistic social pressure. At this time, many people can only give up their dreams and face reality, so their backpacks are left behind, and our lives have embarked on another track. This is also a process that Zhuangzi said that people are "materialized" by the outside world.
As a member of society, everyone is also an independent individual. Zhuangzi believed that people should stick to their own nature in their hearts, not drift with the tide, but be easy to get close to and adapt to the outside world. This is the so-called "externalization without internalization". Only in this way can we settle down in the long journey of life and not be influenced by the complicated society, thus abandoning our ideals and losing ourselves.
Remembering Pavel Colta King's famous words is also familiar to all of us. "No matter when you recall the past, you can't regret wasting your time, and you can't be ashamed of being mediocre ..." This can be regarded as a code of conduct in life, which seems simple but difficult to do. To do this, if we want to stand on the 80th floor and never regret the keys left on the 20th floor, we need to work hard step by step, live with our hearts, carry our dream bags and climb hard from now on.
Looking for the excellent reading experience of the famous book Zhuangzi, I wandered alone in the deserted bookstore, trying to open my tired eyes and look for you in the dense sea of books. You lived in the Warring States period more than 2,500 years ago. In those turbulent times, perhaps not many people can live so happily regardless of political affairs. Cultural celebrities are even rarer. However, in my opinion, I can only sigh that classics have not only influenced the history of the Chinese nation, but also filled this small counter in the bookstore. Hey! Sad and sad. Fortunately, I can still find your figure-Zhuangzi in the corner of the bookcase.
On that day, the sun was shining, and there was a trace of wild flowers under the gentle and lovely clouds in Shanghai. A few pink butterflies flew from the sparkling lake, crossed the graceful willows, skimmed the lightness of dandelions and landed on a few small wild flowers. I sat alone with Zhuangzi and didn't want to disturb them, just as I didn't want to disturb the sleeping beauty's leisurely dream under the curtain, so I decided to give the sleeping beauty a butterfly dream!
Butterflies passed through my eyes, faded the beautiful marks and swept the gallery in my heart. "In the past, Zhuang Zhoumeng was a butterfly, a lifelike butterfly, and it was self-explanatory. I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I didn't know that Zhou's dream was a butterfly, but it was also floating around. Butterflies, like a glowing fairy, fly over the boundary between display and dream, and the connection between heaven and earth. Fly to warn the world, get rid of desire, why bother to get tired of desire until life is worse than death.
Showing your ideas in a book is often shaped by your dreams. In your dream, I explored not only beautiful butterflies, but also skeletons unimaginable to ordinary people. You are not a person who is afraid of death, and you are not disturbed by desire. After death, you are willing to let maggots eat up the last meat left on your body, let wild dogs chew up your last bones at will, and let vultures peck at your eyes. You always lie between heaven and earth, unable to resist, but unwilling to resist. I was moved by everything in front of me. I pray for the God of Life to restore your body, let you return to the world, return your parents, wife and children, send you back to your hometown, and then be the carefree Zhuangzi. What about you?
No, don't do this. You plead: I have no desire to interfere with me after I die. I don't have to work hard for it. The spring and autumn of heaven and earth here is my spring and autumn, and I enjoy the respect of the south. I can also take heaven and earth as coffins, the sun and the moon as double walls, the stars as pearls and everything as gifts. What kind of funeral is better than this? I don't think this is the advice from the skeleton. Only by getting rid of desire can we be carefree and enjoy all the happiness given by heaven and earth. This is freedom. Fluttering with the wind, heaven and earth live happily.
Reading Zhuangzi's articles repeatedly is not only amazed at the author's literary skills and philosophical logic ability. I have blamed myself countless times for my shallow ideological attainments and my inability to penetrate its carefree dreams. At the same time, I am ashamed of my poor writing, otherwise I can make up for the lack of connotation, just as beautiful clothes are to mediocre looks, which makes the article more or less pleasing to the eye. Great, Zhuangzi! I only enjoyed a bowl of your thoughts, but I already want to fly out of this society full of desires. I will look for the most beautiful home in my heart alone in the air like you.