This is the most commonly used and safest way to examine questions in material composition. If we can accurately understand the center of the material and take it as the main idea of the article, then the article will be both relevant and profound.
example
The Wall Street Journal reported that on the eve of the Gulf War, its reporters were surprised to find that American officers and men were scrambling to learn China's The Art of War in tents in the desert and on standby warships. General Gray, commander of the Marine Corps, instructed that Sun Tzu's Art of War is a must-read for officers and men of the Marine Corps.
Looking at the materials, we can easily find that the reason why American officers and men study China's The Art of War is to guide their tactics, and the theme of the materials is very clear. Based on this, we can extract the view that "stones from other mountains can attack jade" Of course, this is dominant; From a hidden point of view, foreigners still attach so much importance to the study of our cultural heritage, so as China people, we should pay more attention to the inheritance of our motherland's cultural heritage, which is more meaningful in a sense.
Second, focus on methods
The key word is often "Yan Wen", which contains the main idea of the material. Therefore, we can take this as a breakthrough, grasp the materials and choose the conception angle. In the materials of material composition, keywords are often the key sentences of the proposer or the characters in the materials.
example
When Brazilian footballer Pele made his debut in football, a reporter asked him, "Which ball are you best at playing?" He replied, "Next!" When he made his mark in football and became a world-famous king of football, and scored more than 1000 goals, the reporter asked, "Which one did you play best?" He still replied: "Next!"
The word "next" not only embodies the never-ending enterprising spirit, but also contains the philosophy of endless and innovative art, which shines with personality, wisdom and spirit. Grasping this keyword will grasp the soul essence of the material.
Third, the traceability method of fruits.
Everything is interrelated. For example, many things exist in the form of causality. When writing a material composition, if we can infer the essential reasons of the phenomena or results listed in the material, we can often find the best way of thinking.
example
An adhesive company has developed a powerful all-purpose adhesive. Before it was put on the market, a large gold coin with considerable value was ingeniously stuck on the marble pillar of the company. It is said that whoever can remove it without damaging the doorpost will own the gold coin. For a time, the front door was crowded and many people tried their hands. As a result, their strength was exhausted, but the gold coins did not move. The crowd burst into warm applause, and all kinds of people praised it, and the news spread like wildfire. As soon as the new product goes on the market, the manufacturer will get huge benefits.
Once the new products in the materials are put on the market, the reason why they are "profitable" is that on the one hand, the strong all-purpose adhesive can stand still after being stuck, and on the other hand, because the company has adopted unusual marketing and publicity strategies, so we can naturally draw the conclusions that "facts speak louder than words" and "the wine needs to be sipped skillfully" respectively. In contrast, the latter is more contemporary.
Fourth, the moral revelation method.
For some materials, such as fables, fairy tales, comics, etc. It is necessary to link "from things and people" and "from things and things" through the appearance of materials, that is, from things in materials to people, and then to life philosophy and social phenomena similar to the content of materials, so as to dig out their true connotations and establish an argument.
example
The donkey crossed the river carrying salt. It slipped and fell into the water. When the salt melts, it is much lighter to stand up. This makes it very happy. Another day, it took a sponge to the river, deliberately slipped and fell into the water. The sponge sucked the water away, so the donkey couldn't stand up and finally drowned.
This fable tells us that everything should proceed from reality, and when the situation changes, our thinking and working methods will also change. If we stick to the rules or blindly apply them, we will inevitably fail. When writing, we should grasp its meaning through the appearance of donkey carrying salt sponge, and take it as the argument of the article.
Five, the detail cut-in method
example
Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy is based on official script and running script, which is called "Banqiao Style". The single font of his works seems crooked, but the overall feeling is patchwork and has a unique charm. Some people say that "this kind of work is indispensable."
From the local details, there are roughly the following ideas:
Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy, "use official script to participate in running script, not official script, not ancient book, not modern text", inspires people to be "good at learning from" and learn to integrate; "The single font of the work looks crooked, but the overall feeling is patchy and has a unique charm", which suggests that we should pay attention to the harmony between individual and whole, part and whole, that is, "harmony is beauty"; And "this kind of work can't have both" reveals a truth: anything can only reflect its value and be invincible if it "shows its personality" and has distinctive personality characteristics.
Sixth, try to find out the tendency of law.
In some material compositions, the sentences in the material often contain the feelings of the proposer. When examining questions, we must fully capture these linguistic information and understand the emotional color of the proposer, so as to establish the best conception angle according to the emotional tendency of the proposer.
example
When the brokeback Venus was presented to people, it attracted countless well-intentioned people to flock to it. They put forward all kinds of strange ideas to connect Venus' broken arm. Venus' lost arm is like an attractive trap. But so far, no design has been generally appreciated.
"Good man" and "eager to get" are full of derogatory meanings. Obviously, they have a negative attitude towards the idea of connecting the brokeback and appreciate the brokeback Venus. We can extract the view that there should be unique beauty; Let nature take its course, and you don't have to impose your views on others. Aside from the tendency of the materials, from the perspective of "tackling key problems is not afraid of difficulties" and "persistence will succeed", it is suspected of digressing.
Seven, multi-directional divergence method
Some materials are dispersed in composition. For this kind of materials, we can adopt a multi-directional divergent thinking mode when examining the questions, and launch a multi-angle conception around the materials.
example
Xue Tan studied in Qin Qing, but he didn't do his best in Qin Qing, so he claimed that he did it. I resigned. Qin Qing stopped in the suburbs. Lament, vibration tree, very sonorous. Tan Xue is a thank you, he dare not say anything all his life.
From Xue Tan's point of view, we can grasp his "learning" and "quitting before Qin Qing exhausted his abilities" and get the enlightenment of "modesty". You can also learn from him that he is far from learning the skills of the teacher and "thank you for your mistakes" and sum up the truth of "correcting when you know your mistakes". From teacher Qin Qing's point of view, we can be inspired by his self-righteous behavior in the face of students, not anger, but "stopping in the suburbs", "lamenting festivals, vibrating trees" and "paying attention to methods in education".
However, Xue Tan's practice of "never daring to go home" is debatable. If students really learn all the skills of teachers, then why "never dare to say anything"? We can learn from other teachers and others with confidence. Of course, after refining multiple viewpoints, we still have to choose the best.
Eight, give up the era of seeking the Lord's law
Some materials often involve many people and things. Therefore, when examining the questions, we should make clear which are the main characters or events of the materials and which are the secondary characters or events, abandon the secondary characters or events and examine the questions from the perspective of the main characters or events.
example
After the bus stopped at the station, a woman at the station picked up the child who had been standing waiting for the bus and got on the bus in order to seize the time. A young passenger in the car got up and gave up his seat. The woman holding the baby thanked each other, put down the baby and said with a smile, "The little guy just knows how to walk, so let him stand by." At this time, I saw that the two men were humble to each other, and no one was seated. The fashionable young woman on the side sat down nimbly and shouted, "Little darling, mom helped Nong grab the seat."
There are three "characters" in the material. It seems impossible to advocate "helping others" from the perspective of giving seats to young people, or "being polite" from the perspective of fashionable young women who grab seats. However, judging from the center of gravity and direction of the whole material, we should abandon the latter two minor characters and focus on the woman whose protagonist is holding the child, and we should make a decision to "let the child stand on its own feet as soon as possible".
Nine, seeking common ground while reserving differences
This method is especially suitable for the synthesis of composite materials. If the contents of the provided combined materials are consistent, the same and essential contents can be extracted and an argument can be extracted; If the contents of the materials provided are inconsistent or even far apart, then we should abandon different aspects and look for overlapping points.
example
Danes take a ruler with them when they go fishing. When they catch fish, they often measure them with a ruler and put small fish that are not big enough back into the river. They said, "Isn't it better to let the little fish grow up?" More than 2,000 years ago, Mencius of China once said, "You can't eat if you count."
The two materials of "one China and one foreign country, one ancient and one present" tell us the same truth: in today's society, we must be far-sighted.
Ten, complementary and perfect methods
example
Florence poet Dante's famous saying: "Go your own way and let others talk!"
Polish proverb: "People who often ask for directions will not get lost."
The material "Go your own way" emphasizes the need for firm belief; The material "People who often ask for directions will never get lost" means to walk with an open mind and follow the guidance of others. Which is right and which is wrong? The two are highly complementary, and when combined, they will be comprehensive and reasonable. Therefore, we can extract such a view: only a firm belief in "going your own way" and an open-minded spirit of "always asking for directions" can we have a good life path.
Of course, there are still many ways to examine questions and ideas in material composition. These methods are not isolated and may cross each other. If it can be used flexibly and comprehensively in the specific examination and conception process, the effect will be better.
Introduction-explain the test center: the knowledge involved and the ability to examine; The topic of the exam, the material of the proposition
Analysis-demonstration problem solving: presenting typical test questions, implementing problem solving steps, obtaining problem solving methods and forming high-quality answers.
Practice-homogeneous training: students' written training and teachers' itinerant guidance; Teachers collect information and students give timely feedback.
Evaluation-fine evaluation: put forward standards and evaluate scores; Analyze the errors and point out the reasons; Provide answers, revise and improve
Conclusion-Summary: Teachers sum up problems and students reflect on themselves; Teachers emphasize methods and students improve their abilities.
2. Test evaluation procedures
Presenting the answers to questions-multiple choice questions and typical mistakes (judging right and wrong with students as the main part)
Analysis of the Causes of Errors —— Thinking of Answering Questions and the Construction of Answers (The analysis of questions mainly focuses on teachers)
Present high-quality answers-analysis points and derivation basis (the guidance method is mainly teachers)
Revise the answer to the question-the main points are complete and the expression is appropriate (the written revision is mainly for students)
Implement outward bound training-homogeneous test questions, strengthen consolidation (training evaluation is mainly based on students)
3. Material composition writing instruction program
Main points of reading materials: material center, writing scope and composition requirements.
Expand thinking and look for angles: from nature to society, from life to life, from phenomenon to essence, from past to present, from behavior to morality, from giving to returning.
Draw up a good topic and set a good theme: propose a topic, analyze advantages and disadvantages, discuss ideas and compare them in depth.
Determining Style and Selecting Materials: Ten Skills of Writing Based on Style
If you have any questions, you can ask me. It's handmade. I hope it will be adopted. Thank you! ! ! ! ! ! ! O(∩_∩)O~