The "Superman" claimed by Nietzsche is to build a new value system with a new world view and outlook on life based on his declaration that "God is dead and all traditional moral culture must be re-evaluated" people. Superman has a brand-new morality that is different from traditional and popular morality. He is the person who best embodies the will of life, the most creative person, and the strong man in life.

Superman is a substitute for God.

He believes that the spiritual life of Europeans for two thousand years is centered on belief in God, and humans are God’s creations and appendages. The value of life and everything in human beings rest on God. Although the basis for God's existence has begun to disintegrate since the Enlightenment, in the absence of new beliefs, people still believe in God and worship God. Nietzsche's famous saying, "One shout - God is dead" - is a ruthless and fearless criticism of God. He said through the mouth of a madman that he was the murderer of God, pointing out that God deserved to be killed. Christian ethics constrains the human mind and suppresses human instinct. To gain freedom, God must be killed.

Nietzsche believed that in a world without God, people have gained unprecedented opportunities and must establish new values, values ??centered on human will. For this reason, traditional moral values ??must be liquidated. Traditional moral concepts are the last cover of God. They penetrate deeply into people's daily lives and corrode people's hearts.

The emergence of "Superman" is the inevitable result of Nietzsche's "revaluation of all values" and heroic ethics, and is also his highest moral ideal personality. In Nietzsche's view, just as a new value system must be re-created to save human moral degradation, a "superman" must also be called out to save human beings from their own tragic degradation. "Superman" is the personality representative of the highest value that human beings can and must create, the carrier of heroic morality and the goal of human development. He said: "The target is not 'human' but superhuman!". ① Nietzsche distorted Darwin’s theory of evolution and believed that all species create something beyond themselves, and humans will inevitably evolve into supermen. Superman is higher than humans just as humans are higher than animals. Humans are just a transitional rope between Superman and animals. People can either walk through this rope and become a superman, or they can fall into the abyss and die and be destroyed, or they can stay on this shore and return to the animal world. It is glorious to become a superman, it is respectable to fall into the abyss and die, and it is shameful to return to the animal world. In Superman's eyes, ordinary people are as ridiculous as animals. Superman is even more different from modern humans than modern humans are from apes. "Superman" is the natural ruler, the true essence of the universe. God died because of his excessive mercy, and Superman is the new God in Nietzsche's mind.

In Nietzsche's view, "Superman" has at least the following characteristics:

Firstly

Superman is the pinnacle of human biological evolution and the most important member of the human species. The best part. He stands above the entire human race and cannot be confused with mediocre groups. He is a witness to the inequality of human beings, society and nations.

Second

Superman is a genius, the real essence; Superman has a great desire for power, they are the most powerful, the most powerful, the most independent, and the most courageous. Julius Caesar and Napoleon were the prototypes of Superman.

Third

Superman attempts to possess everything and rule everything without any timidity. They are beyond the concept of good and evil and are not reproached by conscience.

Fourth

Supermen love and take risks for fun; they specifically choose the strong to fight with; they look for the most ferocious enemies among their best friends.

Fifth

Superman is a supreme moral ideal; Superman himself is the embodiment of truth and morality, the creator and possessor of norms and values; they legislate for mankind, Their will and speech are the law; their moral standard is "I can do it" and there is no such thing as "I should do it".

Sixth

Superman is absolutely free, self-sufficient and selfish. Superman is the most aloof. They are arrogant about everything and stay away from the masses. They are not like sparrows flying in groups, but like eagles, showing their teeth and claws, walking alone, galloping freely without any friends.

Seventh

Superman can best endure painful torture and rise from it. They endured the most intense pain and possessed the strongest willpower. The most painful geniuses have the best chance of becoming superhuman.

The Superman mentioned by Nietzsche can also be understood as the saint often spoken of in China. Modern Chinese philosopher Feng Youlan divides people into four realms: "the natural realm, the utilitarian realm, the moral realm, and the realm of heaven and earth." If you reach the realm of heaven and earth, you can also be called a superman.

Superman is the highest value goal in the human world. So, how to create Superman? Nietzsche believed that a suitable environment is needed. The so-called suitable environment refers to the dangerous environment needed for Superman to grow. The worse the environment, the more likely it is that Superman will appear. "Tall trees cannot grow in a greenhouse." Nietzsche said: "Carefully examine the lives of the best and most effective people, and then ask yourself: If a towering tree holds its head high in the sky, can it be without the help of bad weather and storms? External unkindness and opposition , a certain kind of hatred, jealousy, stubborn doubt, cruelty, greed and violence, are not factors of a favorable environment? Without such a favorable environment, even great progress in morality is impossible.”① From this, Nietzsche has no idea. Covertly pointing out to people a superhuman way full of bloody smell and terrifying atmosphere: "I teach you the superhuman way, human beings are things that should be surpassed." ②Don't look around, and don't feel guilty or uneasy about your actions. Just follow your strong will and move forward, no matter if it leaves corpses everywhere and blood flowing everywhere. Only by forcing people to be desperate and desperate can they hope to reach the realm of superman. He pointed out in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" that Superman is the meaning of the earth. The metaphorical meaning is that Superman is the negation of the Kingdom of Heaven and the replacement of God.

In Nietzsche’s view, Superman emerged from all living beings loyal to the earth, but Superman is not the result of the evolution of all human beings, just like human beings are not the result of the evolution of all apes. The entire human race is like an ant hill. Among all living beings, only a few brave ones, creators, and those with a large quantity and high quality of power and will can climb the rope suspended above the abyss and reach the glorious other side and become supermen. Superman refers to a new human being in the future, not an individual great man or outstanding figure. Superman emerges from the descendants of the existing outstanding people, but not the existing outstanding people themselves. There has never been a superman in history or reality, and Nietzsche did not regard himself as a superman. He just realized the decadence and weakness of mankind, and hoped that Superman would appear and called for Superman to come. He believed that he was at most a prophet of the coming of Superman. Just as the apes have been surpassed by man, so will man be surpassed by Superman. Superman is the purpose and meaning of existing human beings. Modern people must actively and bravely move towards Superman. This is the main foundation of Nietzsche's Superman philosophy.