Learning chess
Original text
Playing Qiu is the best game for the whole country. Let Yi Qiu insult two people to play, one of them is concentrating on it, but Yi Qiu is listening; although the other is listening, he thinks that a swan is coming, and he wants to help him and shoots it with his bow. Even though I have learned from him, I am not as good as him. Why is he so wise? I said: Not so.
Translation
Yiqiu is the best chess player. He was asked to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on listening to Yi Qiu's teachings. Although the other person was listening, he always thought that a swan was about to fly over and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he studied with the previous person, he did not learn as well as the previous person. Can we say that this is because his intelligence is not as good as the previous one? I said: That's not the case.
) "Xue Yi" is selected from "Mencius·Gaozi". Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC) was named Ke and given the courtesy name Ziyu. During the Warring States Period, he was a native of Zou State (now in Shanshan
Dongzhou County). Ancient Chinese thinker and educator. He is a Confucian master after Confucius and is honored as "The Lesser Sage". Later generations will call him and Confucius "Confucius and Mencius". "Mencius" was co-authored by Mencius and his disciples. The content includes Mencius' political activities, political doctrines, philosophical thoughts and personality cultivation
etc. The whole book is divided into seven chapters: "King Hui of Liang", "Gongsun Chou", "Teng Wengong", "Li Lou", "Wan Zhang", "Gao Zi" and "Jin Xin".
Original text
Learning chess "Mencius"
Yi Qiu is a person who is good at chess throughout the country. He asked Yi Qiu to teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrated on the game, but Yi Qiu listened. Although the other listened, he thought that a swan was coming, and he wanted to help him and shot it with his bow. Even though I have learned from him, I am not as good as him. Why is he so wise? I said: Not so.
Translation
Yiqiu is the best Go player in the country. Let Yi Qiu teach two people how to play Go. One of them was attentive and listened carefully to everything Yi Qiu said, pondering it carefully and comprehending it carefully. The other person was also listening to Yi Qiu's teachings on the surface, but in his heart he thought that the swan was coming and was thinking about how to pull him off. Use your bow and arrow to shoot down the swan. Although they learned Go together, the latter was not as good as the former. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? I said: That's not the case.
Notes
Learning chess (playing Go)
Today’s game is about numbers, decimals; if you don’t concentrate, you won’t be able to do it. Yi Qiu (Qiu, appointment, because he is good at playing chess, so he is called Yi Qiu), and he is one of the best chess players in the country. Suppose (let) Yi Qiu teach (teach) two people about chess, and (one of them) concentrates on it, but (only listens) to Yi Qiu's (teaching); although one person listens (to Yi Qiu's teaching), he only thinks that A swan (swan) is approaching. I want to help (draw) my bow and hand over my (arrow) and shoot it (swan). Although I learned it together with the former, it is better than the former. Because (because) it is (the latter) wisdom (intelligence) if it is (not as good as) and (is it)? Said (answer): Not (not) (such).
Chess: Play Go.
Yi Qiu is one of the best players in the country.
Yiqiu: Qiu, a person’s name. Because he is good at playing chess, he is called Yiqiu.
Tongguo: the whole country.
Of:.
Shan: good at, good at.
Let: let.
Teach: teach.
It: Among them.
Only listen to Yi Qiu’s teachings.
Although: Although.
Zhi: refers to Yi Qiu’s teachings.
Honghu: swan.
To quote: to draw.
Pay: This article refers to arrows with silk ropes. (pronunciation: zhuó)
It means: swan.
The former.
Ju: Together.
Fruo: Not as good as that.
Yes: Yes.
For: because.
With:?
Say: Say.
No: No.
It: the latter.
Ran: Like this.
Si: think.
Source
"Xue Yi" is selected from "Mencius Gaozi". Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC) was named Ke and given the courtesy name Ziyu. During the Warring States Period, he was a native of Zou State (now Zou County, Shandong Province). Ancient Chinese thinkers, educators, and politicians. He is a Confucian master after Confucius and is honored as "The Lesser Sage". Later generations will collectively call him "Confucius and Mencius" together with Confucius. "Mencius" was co-authored by Mencius and his disciples. The content includes Mencius' political activities, political theories, philosophical thoughts and personality cultivation. The whole book is divided into seven chapters: "King Hui of Liang", "Gongsun Chou", "Teng Wengong", "Li Lou", "Wan Zhang", "Gao Zi" and "Jin Xin". There are four sentences in this ancient text, which have three meanings. The first sentence has a meaning, pointing out that Yi Qiu is the best person in the country at playing chess. This sentence pave the way for the following, because "a famous teacher produces a good disciple", his students must be masters, and they must be like clouds of masters. On the second level (the second and third sentences), a disharmonious phenomenon appeared: among the two students Yi Qiu taught, one of them was attentive and fully remembered what Yi Qiu taught; But I was thinking that maybe a swan was coming, and I was thinking about picking up a bow and an arrow with a silk rope to shoot it down. As a result, although they studied together, the latter one was far inferior to the former one. The third level (the last two sentences) is self-questioning and answering: Is the latter one not as smart as the former one? I can say: not at all. Contacting the second level, we can see that the latter one fell behind only because he was unwilling to concentrate on studying! There are only four sentences, but they clearly explain the truth that if you don't concentrate, you will not be able to learn skills. It tells us that only by concentration can we achieve something. The conciseness and refinement of classical Chinese can be seen from this. (Read more about Mencius and Confucius)
Pronunciation
Yi Qiu is the one who is good at chess in the whole country. He makes Yi Qiu teach two people to play, and one of them concentrates on it. , only Yi Qiu is listening; although one person is listening, he thinks that there is a swan approaching, and he wants to use his bow to shoot it. Although I have learned from it, it is not like this. Is it true that its wisdom is not like it? It is not so.
The keynote when reading the text:
With a heart Read with a sense of curiosity and joyful pursuit of knowledge.
Enlightenment
Don’t learn anything half-heartedly, you must concentrate on learning something well. You must understand the true meaning!
Lecture notes
1. Teaching materials and analysis of academic situation
"Xue Yi" teaches two people to learn to play Go through Yi Qiu, which illustrates the necessary requirements for learning. Concentrate your mind and never be half-hearted.
This text is a lecture and reading text in the eighth group of the ninth volume of primary school Chinese. It is also the first classical Chinese text that primary school students are exposed to. The purpose of arranging the classical Chinese text is to let students feel the language of classical Chinese and understand it. The long and splendid culture of the motherland further cultivates the thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland's language and lays the foundation for learning classical Chinese in junior high schools. Since classical Chinese is quite different from modern Chinese in terms of words, sentence patterns, etc., and this is the first time for students to come into contact with it, I make it a difficult point to teach reading and recitation, and focus on understanding each sentence. It means to break through the difficulties in teaching.
2. Teaching objectives
1. Knowledge objectives
(1) Master new words, read and write correctly: Yi Qiu teaches everyone to learn, Fu Ruo said.
(2) Read and recite the text correctly and fluently.
(3). Read the full text according to the notes after class to understand the content of the story.
2. Ability objectives
Through discussion, we can understand from the text that learning must be focused and not half-hearted.
3. Emotional goals
Cultivate students’ thoughts and feelings that love the language and characters of the motherland.
3. Teaching method and learning method
1. Teaching method: model reading, guiding teaching
2. Learning method: self-reading, self-enlightenment, cooperative inquiry
4. Teaching process
1. Aphorisms lead the way and introduce new lessons
2. Model reading stimulates interest and leads to comprehensive reading
3. Read well and become recited, clear the meaning of the text
4. Talk to each other at the same table, communicate with the whole class
5. Collaborate to explore, read clearly
6 , transfer training, practicing reading ancient Chinese
“Teach a man to fish, but also teach him how to fish.” The new standards attach great importance to the accumulation of students’ methods in learning. When conducting the first teaching session, I first give the following aphorism:
When three people walk together, there must be my teacher.
Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will become apparent.
Review the past and learn the new.
Learn and practice from time to time.
Ask students to read it and state their understanding, and then compare it with the written language we usually use, and guide students to summarize the characteristics of these aphorisms: some words have different pronunciations and meanings from modern ones; The words are concise and concise, but the meaning is profound. Tell students that these aphorisms are written in classical Chinese, and articles written in classical Chinese are called classical Chinese. It is an ancient written language and an excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Reading classical Chinese can improve language perception and expression skills.
Generalization ability and logical thinking ability. The most basic way to learn classical Chinese is to recite, and the best way is to recite.
The ancients said: "Read a hundred times, and your opinions will come to you", and modern educators also emphasize: "Interest is the best teacher." After the students understand the method of learning classical Chinese, I first read the text twice to make it mellow, vivid, and fluent, so as to influence the students and stimulate their interest in reading. Then read and guide the reading method of classical Chinese: first, slow down the reading speed, and second, pause appropriately. After students have mastered the correct pronunciation of each sentence, let them practice reading freely until they can recite it by heart. Let students read and understand by themselves, and understand each sentence through the annotations at the end of the text to understand the whole text.
Understanding the meaning of each sentence is a difficult part of learning classical Chinese. When teaching, I first let the students read and understand themselves, use the annotations to figure out the meaning of the sentences, and then talk to each other at the same table. Make corrections and additions, write down what you don’t understand, and leave it for discussion with your classmates during class communication. When communicating with the whole class, I use the point-and-click teaching method to give timely instructions to guide students to correctly understand the text. Finally, I pointed out the main idea of ??the text by name, and I took the opportunity to guide the students to clarify the meaning of the text.
Studying history can make you wise, and the key to being wise is to be able to understand a truth from ancient texts and achieve the purpose of learning from the past. Therefore, in the fifth link of teaching, I will first present two questions:
(1) What is the reason for discussing "Although we learn from it, it is nothing like it"? What truth can be drawn from this?
(2) Let’s talk about whether you have this kind of experience and understanding.
Then we divided into groups to discuss and solve the first problem. We understood that the difference in learning effect between two people was due to their different learning attitudes. We came to the conclusion that learning must be concentrated and must not be half-hearted, so as to achieve the purpose of reading clearly. When dealing with the second question, encourage students to speak freely and strive to practice the requirements of the new curriculum standard to "pay attention to respecting students' unique emotional experiences and original understandings", so that students can further understand the importance of focusing on study and work based on their own actual conditions. , learn to use correct ideas to guide your own learning.
In order to cultivate students' interest and innovative consciousness in learning classical Chinese, after finishing the text, I used the classical Chinese idioms that I had learned before, such as "plucking seedlings to encourage growth", "waiting for rabbits", "hiding ears and stealing bells", and "snipe and clam fighting". Stories are printed and distributed to students to practice reading classical Chinese. These classical Chinese idioms have strong story-telling, easy-to-understand content, and are well-known to students, which can stimulate students' interest in learning.
5. Blackboard Instructions
My blackboard writing is simple and clear. Through two different learning attitudes, two opposite learning results are obtained. The contrast is sharp and has profound educational significance. Fully reveals the truth contained in the text.
Blackboard writing design
Learning chess
Concentrate on success
Teaching design
Teaching objectives:
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1. Through teacher guidance and independent group cooperation, students can clear the text according to the after-class comments, read and understand by themselves, and master the method of learning classical Chinese.
2. Students can read the text emotionally, understand the content of the story and explain it in their own words. Recite the text correctly, with appropriate rhythm and pauses, and cadence. From repeated reading, you can initially gain an understanding of the special language phenomena in classical Chinese.
3. Students can understand from the text that they must concentrate on doing things and cannot be half-hearted.
4. Students can extend from in-class to extra-curricular, further understand and experience my country’s splendid ancient culture, accumulate idioms and classical Chinese idiom stories, and improve comprehensive Chinese literacy.
Teaching important and difficult points:
Key points: understanding the texts, reading the texts, and learning to recite them
Difficulties: Mastering the reading methods of classical Chinese
Pre-class preparation: courseware
Teaching process:
1. Pre-class activities: listen to music and show the courseware - the picture of the sea.
Teacher asked: Looking at the picture, do you think of that famous saying?
Student 1: The sea accepts hundreds of rivers, and tolerance is great; standing on a wall is a thousand feet, and having no desires is strong
Student 2: There are roads in the mountains of books, and diligence is the path, and the sea of ??learning is boundless and the boat is made by hard work
Student 3: The broadest thing in the world is the sea, the only thing that will be broad is the sky, and the thing that is broader than the sky is the human mind
…………
Teacher Talk: A person has to give up something before he can gain something. If you give up laziness, you will get hard work; if you give up play, you will get knowledge; if you give up half-heartedness, you will get success. In this class, I hope that students can become the ocean and accommodate more knowledge and more truths.
2. Connect with life and introduce interest:
Teacher: What are your usual hobbies? (student said)
Teacher: It seems that everyone has a lot of hobbies. (Course material shown) What are this person’s hobbies?
Sheng: I can tell, they are playing chess.
Teacher: There is a little story behind this picture. Mencius, a great thinker and educator more than 2,000 years ago, wrote this article. (Writing on the blackboard: Xueyi)
3. Inspiring doubts and preliminary understanding
Teacher: What does "Yi" mean? (student answer)
Teacher: What does "Xueyi" mean? After seeing the title, what else do you want to know?
Student 1: How did two students learn to play Go?
Student 2: I want to know what the results will be after the two of them study? (Blackboard question)
The teacher summarizes the questions raised by students in this link and introduces the following link.
4. Teaching text content:
1) If you have confidence, you will complete various tasks well. (Show the courseware)
2) Read it clearly with the notes. (Show courseware)
1. Study on your own, clear out unfamiliar words, mark out sentences that you cannot read, and do not understand;
2. Work in groups, read each other’s words and find deficiencies;
3. Send a representative to tell a story in his own words.
3) Understand the general meaning and read smoothly.
1. Find students to read;
2. Group competition to read;
3. Students read together;
4. Teacher model Reading;
5. Teachers and students read to each other.
5. Grasp the key sentences and analyze them
Teacher: How do you think the two students in the article learned? Mark it out and read it silently (show the courseware)
Teacher: What is the difference between the performances of the two students? (Student answer)
Read this sentence again to read the charm of classical Chinese.
5. Recite and spot check.
6. Connect with reality and understand.
Teacher: Before class, everyone talked about their hobbies. Now it seems that just being interested is okay? Who will recite the text? (The students raised their hands and called up the two students)
Teacher: If the two of them started competing now, could you predict the result?
Teacher: Why is he so wise?
Sheng: No.
Teacher: Why is he so wise? Are their teachers different? What kind of person is their teacher? Who are the two students?
Teacher: The idiom "concentrate" comes from this story.
Teacher: In your study life, have you ever done anything half-hearted? Tell everyone. What do you know from this incident?
Summary: Let’s see, whether playing chess or doing other things. Intelligence is not the most important thing, what is the most important thing? It's attitude, it's really attitude that determines everything.
7. Summarize the reading methods of classical Chinese (courseware)
1. Have confidence (half the battle);
2. Read clearly with annotations;
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3. Understand the general meaning and read smoothly (read the rhythm and charm)
4. Grasp the key sentences and analyze them;
5. Recite and accumulate.
8. Intensive reading training
1. The courseware shows Mencius’ motto:
I want the fish, and I want the bear’s paw, the two cannot be the same. To have both is to give up the fish and take the bear's paw. Life is what I want, and righteousness is also what I want. You cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness.
Use classical Chinese reading methods to try to learn and understand and recite.
2. Use classical Chinese reading methods to try to learn "Two Children Debate the Sun".
Blackboard writing design:
Learning chess
One person will achieve success if he concentrates on learning
One person will achieve nothing if he is half-hearted and half-hearted. Attitude determines success or failure
Half-hearted - failure