Significance: Shang Zhouwang completed the first heart dissection in history.
Interviewee: Huan 1232- magician level 4 9- 15 22:57.
There were many sunny days in the Shang Dynasty in the past 600 years, from Tang Cheng, the founding of the People's Republic of China, to Pan Geng, Zhongxing and Wuding, which were the representatives of the prosperous times. However, after the Shang Dynasty experienced the kings of 17 and 3 1, no one was as famous as Shen Xin (that is, Zhou Wang), and "Bigan split heart" almost erased the bright color of the whole Shang Dynasty. For more than 3,000 years, "Shang and Zhou Dynasties" almost became synonymous with debauchery and tyranny, while Bigan became an eternal loyal minister in the history of China, leading remonstrators through fire and water.
There were many sunny days in the Shang Dynasty in the past 600 years, from Tang Cheng, the founding of the People's Republic of China, to Pan Geng, Zhongxing and Wuding, which were the representatives of the prosperous times. Just listen to a song in the Book of Songs: "Once upon a time, there was soup, so you can learn from it. Dare not come to enjoy, dare not come to the king. " At that time, the sphere of influence of the Shang Dynasty had reached today's Inner Mongolia in the north, the Yangtze River basin in the south, Qinghai Lake in the west and Liaodong Peninsula in the Bohai Sea in the east. However, after the Shang Dynasty experienced 17, 3 1 kings, no one was as famous as Shen Xin (that is, Zhou Wang), and his "broken heart" story nailed him to the shame column forever. For more than 3,000 years, "Shang and Zhou Dynasties" almost became synonymous with debauchery and tyranny, while Bigan became a loyal minister forever in the history of China.
● Stand up straight.
From Weihui City to the north, take a bus 15 minutes to reach Bigan Temple in Dunfangdian Township. The reporter just caught up. A few days ago, there was a new "temple owner" here, and the "Bigan Forest Garden Development and Construction Company" was just established. Because of the influence of SARS, there are not many tourists. Zheng Xiubo, the "temple owner", accompanied the reporter to watch and tell the evolution of this ancient temple.
After the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, Bi Gan's tomb was sealed here. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen built Bigan Temple because of his tomb. Later, Emperor Taizong, Song Renzong and Yuan Renzong ordered the restoration of Bigan Temple. The Bigan Temple we see today was rebuilt during Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, covering an area of 130 mu. This is a rectangular courtyard facing south. The screen wall, the gate, the second gate and the third gate are arranged in sequence. Stone Square, Monument Gallery, Hall of Worship, Hall of Ursa Major and other major buildings are well preserved, all distributed on the north-south central axis. The ancient cypress in the courtyard is lush, the trees are lush, and the buildings are quaint and spectacular. It's really the etiquette of famous temples through the ages! (Figure 1)
The mountain gate is obviously newly built, and the word "Bigan Temple" was inscribed by Mr. Luo, a famous ancient architecture expert in China. On the lintel of the second door is written the word "admonition", originally written by Cui, a calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, which means that "admonition" is an example for admonition officials in past dynasties to learn from. It can be seen from many inscriptions in the temple that Bi Gan's words and deeds have a far-reaching influence on later officials. Fan Wenlan listed Bigan in Xia Dynasty, Guan Longfeng, Qu Yuan in Warring States, Zhuge Liang in Three Kingdoms and Zheng Wei in Tang Dynasty as patriots who dared to speak out and asked the monarch to improve politics. Bigan's deeds have been circulated in China for more than 3000 years.
Bi Gan was born in the Yin and Shang Dynasties (now Qixian County, Henan Province). He is the younger brother of Wang Diyi of Shang Dynasty16th generation. According to the inheritance law of Shang Dynasty, the eldest son succeeded to the throne and the second son was enfeoffed. Bigan was not only the king, but also the chief executive of Shang Dynasty in Shao Shi. Di Yi's reign was short. On his deathbed, he and his two younger brothers, Beagan, discussed with Ji Zi the issue of the heir to the throne. Ji Zi suggested that his eldest son was virtuous and kind, while Bigen argued that his youngest son, Di Xin, should inherit the throne. Bigan said that Wei Zi was the eldest son, but it was not born to Di Yi's wife. Although Di Xin is very young, he is the eldest son. Finally, Di Yi accepted Bigen's advice and made Di Xin succeed to the throne. In fact, Bi Gan's fight for Di Xin's succession was not entirely for maintaining the inheritance law of Shang Dynasty, but more importantly, he liked this nephew better. According to Taishigong, Di Xin "is different from the disease and is very sensitive to it;" Material power is extraordinary, and hands are beasts. Both the mind and limbs are very developed. Once a pillar of the palace was broken, and the craftsman had to build a shelf, put the beam on it and install a new pillar. Di Xin said, don't bother, I hold the beam with my hand, you change it!
At the beginning of his reign, Zhou Wang was a wise monarch. He led an army against Xu Yi (now Xuzhou) and fought bloody battles on the battlefield. He was so brave that Xu Yi, the leader, was scared to surrender to Zhou Wang with his hands tied behind his back, wearing a national treasure jade and mourning clothes. Zhou Wang led the army to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the tribes of Dongyi surrendered in succession. When Zhou Wang triumphed, Beagan took the minister of civil and military affairs to meet him on foot for dozens of miles. The folk songs at that time even sang: Zhou Wang is like a bucket. ...
● Core cutting
But soon Zhou Wang became "corrupt". He built a large-scale building, forced slaves to build a palace for him, and built a tall star-picking building, drinking with beautiful women during the day and singing and dancing at night. From then on, the capital of Shang Dynasty was renamed Chao Ge (now Qixian).
Zhou Wang's misdeeds recorded in history books can completely make readers forget his merits, and every pile is indispensable to bad woman da ji. Once, Zhou Wang and da ji were drinking and saw an old man and a young man crossing the river in the distance. The young man walked ahead and crossed the river, while the old man fell behind and hesitated. Zhou Wang said: Children have strong bone marrow and are not afraid of cold; Old people have empty bone marrow and are afraid of cold. Da ji didn't believe it, so Zhou Wang ordered the soldiers to catch them and break their leg bones with axes for da ji to see. Since then, this river has been called "Broken Leg River".
Seeing what Zhou Wang had done, Bi Gan protested frankly and took him to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors. He told him the stories of kings of past dynasties: it was difficult for Shang Tang to start a business, thatched cottages in Pan Geng, slaves for chopping wood and hoeing fields in Wu Ding, ancestor Jia restrained himself and drank no more than three cups, fearing that the country would make excessive mistakes ... Zhou Wang nodded yes on the surface, but he did not really change, but became more dissolute and tyrannical. Not only did he "run for the pool and hang the meat for the forest" in the palace, but he also staged a "reality show" in which men and women were naked and drunk and chased each other.
Da ji, the beloved princess of Zhou Wang, likes to see people being abused. She invented an instrument of torture called cauterization: she made a hollow pillar out of copper. During the execution, she tied the prisoner naked to a post, and then put the red-hot coal into a copper post. ...
Da ji said that she had the ability to tell whether the fetus in the womb was male or female, so Zhou Wang arrested 65,438,000 pregnant women for experiments. Da ji told them to sit down first and then stand up, and then said to Zhou Wang: The man who lifts his left leg first, the woman who lifts his right leg first. Zhou Wang did not believe da ji and ordered a laparotomy on the spot. ...
Seeing the scene that Zhou Wang and da ji take pleasure in hurting others, Bigan trembled with anger. He said to himself, "I am the emperor, and I strongly protest against the king." He walked up to Zhou Wang, confessed his mistake, and demanded that da ji be beheaded. The whole gate valve was sentenced to death! Zhou Wang sat there angrily without saying a word. Beagan went on to say: When Tang Wang was here, there was a catastrophe in the world, and the roads were blocked by hunger. Tang Wang got off the bus and cried, blaming herself for being immoral. He immediately opened a warehouse to help the poor, and the hungry people had food and the cold people had clothes, which was praised by the world. What you did today runs counter to the benevolent policy of the late king. If you don't repent, the world will be in danger Zhou Wang left angrily.
Bi Gan returned home, invited Ji Zi and Wei Zi to discuss, and asked them to remonstrate with Zhou Wang. The next day, Ji Zi tried to persuade Zhou Wang, but Zhou Wang cut off Ji Zi's hair and imprisoned him. However, I protested, but Zhou Wang still wouldn't listen, so I had to take my ancestors' sacrificial vessels with me. Minister Xin Jia remonstrated 75 times, but Zhou Wang didn't change and had to go to Zhou Wenwang. Many ministers saw that Zhou Wang was hopeless, and they gave up their business for several weeks. Zhou Wang has been alienated from others. At this time, there were more than 800 vassals who led the army to attack and betrayed Yin Shang Lai and Zhou Dynasty. Shang dynasty has been a candle in the wind.
Bigan believes that being a courtier can't just walk away like a little son, even if you kill your head and dig your heart, you have to fight for it. "If the Lord does not remonstrate, he will be disloyal, and if he fears death, he will not be brave, that is, if he does not obey, he will die, and he will be loyal to the Lord." He risked genocide and went to the palace for three consecutive days to attack Zhou Wang's fault.
Zhou Wang was criticized by Beagan. He was speechless and very angry. He asked, why do you insist on this? Bigan said, "A gentleman has his officials, a father has his officials, a scholar has his officials, and a friend has friends. As a minister, you have a sense of advance and retreat! " Zhou Wang asked again: What is a sense of justice? Bigan answered: Xia Jie can't have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions. My king must learn from this heartless king. Aren't you afraid of losing the world? Today I protest, this is the sense of honor! Zhou Wang flew into a rage and said, "I heard that saints have seven hearts and various beliefs?" After that, I ordered people to cut open their chests and take out their hearts. I am fearless and generous. ...
Today, when we return to the historical scene with the help of Tai Shigong, we can still smell the thick smell of blood. The tragic scene more than 3,000 years ago almost erased the bright color of the whole Shang Dynasty, but the noble and upright spirit of fighting righteousness remained in the world, leading the admonishers through fire and water.
In the bureaucratic history of China for thousands of years, the admonition of loyal ministers is a unique landscape. Almost all dynasties experienced difficulties because of direct remonstrance, and even paid the price of their lives. Similar plots abound in literary works, among which there is no doubt a role model. More than 3,000 years ago, Bigan created an insurmountable standard of "till death do us part" for later generations, just as later generations commented that "since ancient times, monarchs have refused to remonstrate for many weeks, and since ancient times, loyal ministers have been more diligent." ...
On the other hand, the story of "Bigan's heartbreak" is well-known among women and children because it coincides with the psychology of China traditional culture. The first is the "gratitude" complex. Bigen played a key role in Zhou Wang's succession to the throne. In this sense, Beagan was very kind to Zhou Wang, but Zhou Wang bite the hand that feeds him, which immediately aroused great indignation. It is easier to arouse people's sympathy than loyalty to the country. Secondly, it seems that all the bad things Zhou Wang did were instigated by da ji, which catered to the traditional cultural psychology that "women are disasters". Is there no happy ending around Xia Jie, who is almost as bad as Zhou Wang?
■ A beautiful article and a strange history
Since "Bigan cut the heart", this strange injustice has become the same topic composition of literati and celebrities in past dynasties, as evidenced by countless inscriptions and poems in Bigan Temple. A wise monarch regrets that he was born out of time, while a monarch with a bumpy career satirizes the present and realizes his own destiny. There are still many officials who lament the difficulty of loyal subjects.
The young commentator pointed to the stele gallery in Bigan Temple and proudly told the reporter: "This is the essence of cultural relics in Bigan Temple. In Bigan Temple, 86 stone tablets of emperors, generals, local officials and literati are preserved. After reading it for several days, let me introduce you to the most precious one! " It seems that the little girl wants to pick out the essence from the essence.
"The most famous is the Taihe tablet written by Emperor Xiaowen of Wei. The tablet is engraved with the tomb of Diaobi, written by Emperor Xiaowen. This is the earliest stone tablet of Bigan Temple. " At first glance, there is nothing special about this stone tablet. On closer inspection, it's really different. The stone tablet is engraved with words on all sides (Figure 5)! The front text of the stone tablet is Weibei font, which is thin, hard and steep. It is said that it was written by Cui Hao, a great calligrapher in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. As famous as Longmen 20, it is a rare calligraphy in China today!
This inscription written by Emperor Xiaowen is also highly praised by later generations. At the beginning, the article denounced Yin's "tyranny of cabin defeat" with a sharp pen, and then enthusiastically praised Bi Gan's loyalty and integrity, expressing his admiration and nostalgia for this ancient loyal minister. He regretted that Bigan was born at an untimely time and could not directly remonstrate against the great cause of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Finally, Emperor Xiaowen used more pen and ink to fantasize that Bi Gan drove dragons and phoenixes and traveled to heaven. The article is romantic in writing and magnificent in language, which vaguely reflects Qu Yuan's Li Sao.
In 494 AD, the second year after Emperor Tuoba Hong of Wei Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, he passed by Jixian County (now Weihui City) to worship Bigan with the ceremony of "Tai Prison" (the highest standard sacrifice), and sent ministers to build a temple and erect a monument. Since then, Bigan Temple has come into being. Why did TaBaHong build Bigan Temple, and why did he praise Bigan so much? There is another source.
Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, is a very noteworthy figure in the history of China. He was originally a Xianbei, but he promoted the Sinicization Movement. He banned Khufu, broke Xianbei, and took the lead in changing his surname to Han Yuan. In 493 AD, he decided to move the capital from Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang. This series of strange measures are rare in Chinese and foreign history. The reason why TaBaHong admired Bigen is closely related to his life experience. Tuoba Hong was born in 467 AD and was raised by Feng Taihou since childhood. Because Tuoba extended the rule of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his biological mother and grandmother had already been allowed to die. TaBaHong acceded to the throne at the age of 4, and his father, Emperor Xianwen, was honored as the emperor's father, and the power in the DPRK was completely controlled by Feng.
Feng is a very capable woman. Wei Shu said that she was "resourceful, suspicious, capable of great things, rewarding and punishing life and death, and making decisions in an instant". Feng didn't like TaBaHong and decided to get rid of him. In 475 AD, Emperor Xiaowen was less than 10 years old. The Feng family privately called TaBaXi, the king of Xianyang, into the palace, poisoned the emperor's father, and framed TaBaHong in order to abolish him and let TaBaXi ascend to the throne.
Emperor Xiaowen summoned officials from the civil and military departments of the Qing Dynasty to discuss the matter. Feng first attacked, saying that the maids around the emperor poisoned the emperor's father in the name of the emperor at the dinner party. The maid-in-waiting argued that this wine was sent by the queen mother in the name of the emperor, and Feng would not admit it if he didn't know it was poisonous. Emperor Xiaowen said calmly: If we don't understand this matter, there will definitely be turmoil in the court. Someone must know about poisoning the emperor's father When you are detained, you usually say that you will be loyal to your country. Now, at the critical juncture of national security, no one has come forward to tell the truth. What is this called "loyalty"? In those days, Bigan was not afraid of slitting open his belly, digging his heart and lungs, but also wanted to directly remonstrate with the monarch's fault, so he was called "eternal loyal minister". If you don't remonstrate when the master has done something bad, it's aiding and abetting!
After listening to Emperor Xiaowen's words, a maid-in-waiting around Empress Dowager Cixi decided to learn to compete with others, and stood up to prove that the delivery of wine was indeed directed by Feng, exposing the conspiracy of Empress Dowager Cixi. After this incident, Emperor Xiaowen of Wei still asked Feng to be in charge of state affairs and changed his country name to "Taihe", which means "peace and harmony". Knowing this story, we can understand why Tuoba Hong praised Gambi and why the inscription on the tomb of Diaobi Gan is so vivid. After Feng died, 23-year-old Tuoba Hong took over the company and accelerated the implementation of the localization policy. In 494 AD, the year after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, TaBaHong went to Bigan Tomb twice to pay homage and set up a monument to build a temple. A series of reforms by Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong promoted the political and economic development of the Northern Wei Dynasty and promoted the integration of Xianbei and Han nationality, which was inseparable from the enlightenment of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei.
■ Who can tell you that your loyalty will last forever?
The second precious stone tablet recommended by the commentator to reporters was made by enlightened monarch Li Shimin. The inscription on the tall stone tablet reads, "The Emperor offered a memorial to Yin Taishi for Bi Ganwen". Li Shimin's "Bi Gan Bei" is easy to understand, and his minister Wei Zhi is also a famous remonstrator in the ancient history of China. In particular, he also said a famous saying: "With copper as a mirror, you can dress your clothes; Taking the past as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall. " Li Shimin once analyzed the reasons for the demise of the dynasty. He believes that the important factors are "preventing disadvantages and refusing to remonstrate", "being generous" and "removing remonstrance to cover up its excesses". He even denounced tyrants such as Jie and Zhou as animals in his article.
Li Shimin appreciated Wei Zhi's outspoken advice. He once asked Wei Zhi what to do wisely. Wei Zhi told him: "Listening is bright, but listening is dark." Wei Zhi died, and Li Shimin was so sad that he cried.
In 645 AD, Li Shimin made a personal expedition to Korea. When passing through Jixian County, he led the civil servants and military commanders to the tomb of Bigan, held a grand sacrifice ceremony for Bigan, posthumously awarded Bigan as a "Taishi", ordered local officials to sacrifice Bigan every spring and autumn, and distributed property to five nearby farmers to keep Bigan's tomb. In this eulogy, Emperor Taizong warned himself to learn the historical lessons of Bigan and accept them with an open mind. Fang, Yu Shinan, Wuji and many other admonishers appeared in the "Zhenguan Rule" because of the admiration and comparison of Emperor Taizong. The reporter looked at this tall and towering stone tablet in front of him. After thousands of years, it still stands proudly. This precious cultural relic is a proof that Li Shimin takes the past as a mirror and is open-minded.
Is the stone tablet called the "essence" of the third link the imperial monument of Emperor Qianlong or was it erected by an emperor? Visiting ancient times, it is really not uncommon to see the inscriptions on poems and songs written by Gan Long. The Qing emperor lived a long life and was in office for a long time. He especially liked to travel around, write poems and leave words everywhere. According to statistics, Gan Long wrote more than 30,000 poems in his life, but he couldn't sleep without writing a few poems every day. Now that he has come to Bigan Temple, he will improvise a poem. Since he wrote it, of course, he wants to carve a stone and make an eternal monument. Who let the somebody else is the emperor? While wondering whether this stone tablet can be regarded as the essence, the tour guide said, "Qianlong lived a romantic life and wrote poems with lines and grass, but this time he used regular block letters." Really? I really can't remember where I saw the printed letters of Gan Long! The tour guide told me that this is the only stone tablet found in China where Emperor Qianlong wrote the inscription in print. (Figure 2)
After a long time, the three best products recommended by the tour guide to reporters are all related to the emperor. It seems that whoever has a high official position has a higher value of stone tablets and cultural relics. ...
In addition to the inscriptions on san huang's sacrificial ceremony, bureaucrats and scholars of all ages came here to pay their respects and improvise, leaving poems and songs. The monument gallery of Bigan Temple is simply a composition on the same topic. Li Bai, a great poet, lamented in his poem Bigan Monument that it is not easy to be a loyal minister. Meng Jiao, a poet with bitter feelings, wrote in the poem "The Tomb of Diaobigan": ... Qi is the source of happiness, and loyalty is the source of others ... "He not only expressed his helplessness and resentment as an official, but also alluded to the darkness of his feudal society.
Bigan Temple is also a treasure house of calligraphy art. The stone tablets in the stele gallery are covered with truth, grass, official script and seal script, some of which are bold and unrestrained, some are beautiful and elegant, and most of them are Mo Bao, an emperor poet, with high artistic value. (Figure 6)
Go along the tunnel in the center of the temple and go through three doors, and you will find the courtyard of the main hall of Bigan Temple. This hall, built in the Ming Dynasty, is surrounded by pines and cypresses, and the bright red, yellow and green glazed tiles on the roof are extremely eye-catching.
The Bigan Temple built by Emperor Xiaowen of Wei has long been swallowed up by the war. The building we see now was rebuilt by Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty during Hongzhi's reign. Hongzhi was completed on April 8th, 7th year, which lasted 132 days. Today, we can fully understand the situation from rebuilding the Yinbigan Temple of Taishi, which is basically the same as today's layout. However, the 38 verandahs built that year included a cooking and slaughtering place for sacrifice, a lodging place for tourists and a rest place. (Figure 7) According to historical records, Emperor Xiaozong was established as the Crown Prince at the age of 6, and proclaimed himself emperor at the age of 18. When he was in office in 18, he was "conscientious in protecting Thailand and taking advantage of it". As soon as he ascended the throne, he decisively dismissed a number of courtiers, and a number of loyal ministers and generals were promoted and reused. He made it clear that he needed an upright and upright courtier like Bigan, so he had to rebuild Bigan Temple, carve a stone to remember his heart, and let Bigan live forever.
■ descendants of a generation of talents.
After Beagan was killed, Zhou Wang even copied it with her door. Bigan's wife, Chen, was pregnant at that time and was secretly released by soldiers who sympathized with Bigan, giving birth to Bigan's posthumous son in the nearby mountains. When Zhou Wang's tracker arrived, he asked the child's last name. Chen used his quick wits, took Lin as his surname, escaped this disaster, and drew the pulse of Lin. After the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, the tomb of Bigan was sealed, and the son forest of Bigan was officially given, named and built, and the river was sealed to clear the public, and the grain was collected in Boling (now Anping County, Hebei Province). Therefore, it was the ancestor of Lin, and Bigan became the great ancestor of Lin.
Bigan Temple Hall is magnificent, five meters wide and three rooms deep. The roof of the main hall is covered with colored glazed tiles and decorated with vertebrates and birds, which is very eye-catching. In the center of the main hall stands a tall statue of Bi Gan, a loyal minister since ancient times. I always feel a little familiar when I look at Beagan's image. After listening to the introduction, I know that he is the god of wealth posted on the door during the New Year! According to folklore, after Bigan's death, the Jade Emperor named him the god of literature. For thousands of years, people put his image on the door, hoping to keep safe and make money. (Figure 3) A local villager who came to burn incense told me that this folk custom has existed here for a long time. Whenever something bothers him, he goes to the temple to say goodbye. "Goodbye, God of Wealth, and all the best!"
In the east hall of Bigan Temple, there are three descendants of Bigan, and Lin Jian is the natural one in the middle. He has a square face, sharp edges and corners, sits with sleeves folded, wears a cicada crown, and has the majesty of an ancient duke. On the right is the forest, which is elegant and graceful. He is the twenty-fourth generation grandson of Bigan, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and one of the seventy-two sages under Confucius. He is the ancestor of Guangzhou Forest in Henan Province, and now he is the ancestor of Beilin.
The picture on the left shows the 56th Sun Lin of Bi Gan, born in Jin Dynasty. He is the ancestor of the Lin family in Putian, Fujian today. Later, Putian Lin became the largest branch of Lin. Due to geographical reasons, many members of the Lin family in Putian emigrated overseas. Today, the Lin family in Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore is this branch. Therefore, Lin is the ancestor.
The statue of Mazu is enshrined in the west annex hall of Bigan Temple, which is widely worshipped in the southeast coast of China and Taiwan Province Province. Only when I arrived at Bigan Temple did I know that the famous Mazu was also a descendant of Bigan. Mazu was born in the first year of Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty. She is the 22nd granddaughter of ancestor Lin and the 78th granddaughter of Bi Gan. The story of Mazu is little known in mainland China, but it is well known to women and children in coastal areas. Her real name is Maureen Niang. It is said that after she was born, she couldn't hear crying at the full moon, so she was named Mo Niang. As a teenager, she began to help fishermen and merchant ships at sea and rescue fishermen and crew who fell into the water. She did many good deeds and gained great popularity in the local area. On the ninth day of September when Mo Niang was 28 years old, she rescued fishermen in distress at sea. Unfortunately, she was swept away by a tornado and ascended to heaven. In memory of her, people built a temple and regarded her as a sea god. Later, people called her Mazu, Tian Fei and Tianhou, and she was the goddess with the most influence and followers in China. Now in the coastal areas of China, fishermen have to worship Mazu before going out to sea to ensure safety. 1900, Liang Qichao accompanied Dr. Sun Yat-sen to pay a visit to Mazu Tianhou Palace, and wrote a couplet, which was immortal and printed in all dynasties.
The "temple owner" of Bigan Temple told reporters that Lin's descendants are prosperous, and there are many people who study as officials in history. Lin's imperial examinations in past dynasties were indispensable, so there has been a saying since ancient times that "no forest does not test, no forest does not rank". In recent decades, descendants of Lin at home and abroad have come to Bigan Temple to seek roots and worship their ancestors. (Figure 9) 1993, on the occasion of the 3085th anniversary of Bigan's birth, 1500 people from 24 Lin clansmen's associations in four countries and regions gathered in Weihui to hold a grand commemorative ceremony. This year marks the 3095th anniversary of Beagan's birth. A larger commemorative meeting was originally planned, and all the preparations were well done. Unexpectedly, when SARS struck, the commemorative meeting had to be postponed.
Speaking of the development of Bigan Temple, Zheng Xiubo, the newly appointed "temple owner", immediately gushed: "Bigan Temple, which covers an area of 1.30 mu, will be expanded to 1.300 mu in the future! We have asked experts in the province to make detailed plans for the future Bigan Temple Garden. " As he spoke, he pointed out to reporters: "In the future, two artificial lakes will be built, compared with the vast land south of Ganmiao. In the near future, the environment here will change greatly. Now we are engaged in the migration of nearby farmers and infrastructure construction. "
Wang Zhengxi, vice mayor of Weihui City, told reporters that Weihui City has mountains, water and culture, both natural scenery and human landscape. This is a "natural" tourism resource. At present, Wei Hui is in the initial stage of tourism development. Bigan Temple, as the Lin family temple, has a certain popularity and influence at home and abroad, but its rich cultural connotation has yet to be tapped, and its inner charm has not been fully displayed. Weihui City established Bigan Forest Garden Development and Construction Company just to straighten out the system, operate according to the laws of market economy, attract more social funds and seek greater development. Rich Bigan culture will certainly be the potential driving force for the future development of Weihui tourism.
■ The first monument in the world and Bigan Temple
Before the reporter came to Bigan Temple, I heard that this ancient temple still preserved a mysterious stone tablet-the stone tablet carved by Confucius' sword, which is said to be the only original Confucius found so far. But whether it is true or not, there is no scientific conclusion until today.
Under the guidance of the commentator, the reporter went around the back of the main hall of Bigan Temple and saw Bigan's tomb head on. This huge tomb is like a hill, surrounded by standing cypress trees. The grave is covered with green grass, with nameless bright wildflowers in the middle. It is said that all the tombs were empty before, and they were unintentional "heartless dishes". According to folklore, after Zhou Wang cut out his heart from Chao Ge, Beagan hid his robe and kept silent. He rode away from Chao Ge and went to the south. He knew that when he went to the south (now Xinxiang), a new heart would grow. He went to the suburb of Konoha and met an old woman who had been a fox for thousands of years in da ji, selling "heartless dishes". Bigan asked, "Old woman, vegetables can live without a heart. What about heartless people? " The old woman replied, "a vegetable can live without a heart, and a person without a heart should die." At this, Beagan vomited blood and fell dead. Suddenly it was dark, flying sand and stones, and Bi Gan's body was buried below, so later generations called this tomb "the celestial burial tomb".
There is a stone square in the south of the tomb, which was built in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. The upper part of the stone square is decorated with the word "heart", and the left and right sides are "day" and "month" respectively. Needless to say, it must mean Bigan's loyalty and the brilliance of the sun and the moon. Two stone pillars are engraved with couplets of "Lonely loyalty never dies, so social cypress still exists". Behind the stone workshop stands a stone tablet, about two meters high, which is divided into two parts, which is the so-called first stone tablet in the world. The word "Yinbi dry grinding" is located at the lower end and can be clearly seen. Pointing to the top of the monument, the commentator said that the words "Xuansheng Zhenbi" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong here are now blurred, which means that the following four words are original works of Confucius.
Careful observation of Confucius' sword tablet shows that the four characters are arranged in a square, and the word "Mo" is incomplete. The commentator told me that the stone tablet was not embedded here at first, but was built on the wall of Bigan Temple earlier. 1985 moved here during the renovation, and it has become what it is now.
A few years ago, many experts came to see the news that Confucius' sword tablet was found in Bigan Temple. Most of them have not decided whether it is the original work of Confucius. People who disagree say: the stone tablet is an official script, which did not appear in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it should not be the original work of Confucius; Some scholars say that there were no inscriptions in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Confucius could not engrave them.
However, while raising objections, these scholars also believe that it is not only possible to draw conclusions by fonts, but ultimately it is up to cultural relics experts to make judgments.
People who infer that the sword tablet is an original of Confucius also have their reasons: first, Bigan is very close to Confucius' thought, so it is very possible for Confucius to worship Bigan; Secondly, the evolution of characters can not be divided into absolute time periods, and sword carving can only be simplified; Third, since Emperor Qianlong dared to write like this, it must have made people judge the sword tablet after textual research. ...