Offensive and defensive
original text
In ancient times, those who were good at attacking did not spare no effort to attack the city, and those who were good at defending did not spare no effort to defend the enemy [136]. If the husband tries his best to defend the city, he will be dull and waste food, which will slow down his success. If we do our best to defend the enemy, the soldiers will not be divided, and I will attack them unprepared. Therefore, the enemy does not defend its attack, and the enemy does not attack its defense.
The attacker has three roads [137] and the defender has three roads. There are three ways: one is right, the other is odd, and the third is volt. Tantan road, cars hit the hub, people rub shoulders, out of this, into this, I will attack, I will defend, said the right way. Soldiers attack the south, sharp soldiers leave the north, soldiers attack the east and sharp soldiers leave the west, which is called the strange road. The ravine is steep and the middle board is off the road. During diving, no gold is sounded and no drums are played [138]. Those who protrude from the plain and rush at the enemy's heart say "ambush the knife" Therefore, the soldiers are out of the right path, and the victory or defeat is unknown. It is surprising that five wins and ten wins, and out of the hidden path, ten wins and ten wins. What is this? The city of the right path [139] is a strong city, a soldier of the right path and a good soldier. The city of strange roads need not be strong, and the soldiers of strange roads need not be refined. Lying on the road, there is no city, no soldiers. Those who attack the right path and don't know the strange way and hide the way will be puppets. Those who keep the right path and don't know the strange way and the hidden way will also be puppets. Today, my husband stole from others, and all the people who broke into the house were intentional. Those who went in without pressing the [140] key of other residents, and those who went in with the toe of the broken wall [14 1] were very thoughtful. It is hope to cut off that door without the owner's inspection. His family doesn't press the button, and his owner doesn't check it, which accounts for more than half. Riding on the toes of a broken wall is no problem without the owner's inspection. The owner should have no solid door, while the cracks in the walls of other residents are not compassionate. Soldiers of the right path, thieves of the century, soldiers of strange ways, thieves of other families, soldiers of hidden ways, thieves of city walls.
The so-called right path, if Qin's letter valley pass [142], Wu's Yangtze River, Shu's Jiange also. In the past, the six countries tried to attack Hangu Pass, but they were all defeated by the generals of Qin. Cao Cao wanted to attack the Yangtze River, and Zhou Yu left. Zhong will try to attack Jiange, but Jiang Wei refuses. What is this? And a defender. Liu Ying rebelled and attacked the girders. Tian Lubo asked 50,000 people not to go down the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, but to accept Huainan and Changsha, so as to meet Ying. Cen Peng attacked Gongsun Shu, returned to the capital from Jiangzhou, defeated Hou Danbing, pulled out Wuyang, bypassed Yan Cenjun, and rode to Guangdu with great skill, not far from Chengdu. When Li attacked Cai Mao, Cai Mao learned that he was unprepared for Li's resistance. Wencheng broke himself, galloped for 200 miles, arrived in Cai at midnight, and attacked Yuanji at dawn. This is also a strange way. When Hanwu attacked South Vietnam, Tang Meng invited Yelang soldiers to float the boat to the river, passing through Panyu City, giving the Vietnamese a surprise. Wargo attacked Shu, climbed Muyuan from Jinggu [143], filed in, dropped Jiangyou, chopped Mianzhu Zhuge Zhan, and then fell. Tian Zhen defended Tongguan, and the left pass was banned by Gu Yue, and the merchants let him enter the pass, but the troops were defeated. This is also used on the road.
In my opinion, people who were good at fighting in ancient times still had three things to win for a while, that is, soldiers, raiders and ambushes. Those who defend and attack a country, but their national security depends on how, can they do it without knowing these three things?
To annotate ...
[136] Enemy rush: the place of attack.
[137] Tao: tactics.
[138] Drumming: Drumming.
[139] The right path: regular army, main force.
[140] key: lock the entrance.
[14 1] Take the toe of the broken wall: climb over the wall and enter the hole.
[142] Hangu: Hangu Pass, formerly known as Hangu Pass, is located in lingbao city, Henan Province.
[143] marginal ridge: bounded by a sinister stone road.
translate
In ancient times, people who were good at attacking did not use all their forces to attack fortified cities; A good defensive man is not a place where all his troops are used to defend the enemy's attack. Attacking fortified cities with all our forces will dampen the spirit of soldiers, waste food and armaments, and thus delay the arrival of victory; Use all the troops to defend the enemy's attack places, so that soldiers can't fight separately. The enemy will act in secret and sneak up on unguarded places. Therefore, when attacking, we should attack where the enemy is unprepared, and when defending, we should also defend where the enemy does not attack.
There are three tactics in attack and three tactics in defense. These three tactics are: first, regular soldiers, second, surprise soldiers, and third, ambush. The roads are wide and flat, the chariots are criss-crossed, and people are jostling with each other; Go out this way and come back this way; The place where our army must attack and the enemy must defend is called conventional military tactics. Attack the south of the enemy with large troops and attack the north of the enemy with elite troops; Attacking the east of the enemy with a large army and attacking the west of the enemy with elite troops is called raiding tactics. In the ravine, in the middle of the winding path, ambush the army without beating gongs and drums, and then suddenly appear on the plain and attack the enemy's confidant. This is called ambush tactics. The tactics of using troops are unpredictable; Fighting with Indiana Jones' tactics can win five times in ten wars; If you use ambush tactics, you can win ten times ten times. Why is this? Because the object of attack with regular soldiers must be the enemy's fortified city; The troops attacked by the regular army must be the elite troops of the enemy. The city attacked by Jones is not necessarily a city with strong enemy defense; The troops attacked by Jones are not necessarily the elite troops of the enemy. If an ambush is used, the enemy will have no city to defend and no soldiers to use. He can only attack with soldiers, not with raiders and ambushes. Such a general is like a puppet. He can only defend with soldiers, but he doesn't know how to defend with Indiana Jones and ambush. Such a general is also like a puppet. Nowadays, some thieves break into houses, some pick locks, some steal from unlocked side doors, and some steal through walls and holes. In rare cases, the owner is not aware of breaking the door and picking the lock; More than half of them entered from an unlocked side door without the owner's knowledge; Climbing over the wall into the hole, but what the owner didn't notice was something that could be seen everywhere. As a host, you shouldn't say, "As long as the big door is locked firmly, the small door next to it and the small hole in the wall don't have to worry about it." The art of using soldiers is like breaking a door and picking a lock for a thief, and its success or failure is unpredictable; Using raiders of the lost ark's tactics is like stealing from an unlocked side door, and most of them can succeed; Using ambush tactics is like jumping over a wall to catch a thief. Nine times out of ten, it will succeed.
The so-called military tactics, the Hangu Pass of Qin in the Warring States Period, the Yangtze River Natural Danger of Wu in the Three Kingdoms Period, and the Jiange Pass of Shu are all examples. During the Warring States Period, the six Central Plains countries attacked Hanguguan many times and were defeated by General Qin. Cao Cao once attacked the Yangtze River and was defeated by Zhou Yu. Zhong Hui once attacked Jiange and was stopped by Jiang Wei. Why is this? Because these places are guarded in advance. Liu Bi rebelled against the Han Dynasty and attacked the girders in the north. Tian Lubo asked Liu Bi to give him 50,000 troops and attack along Jianghuai from another road. After Huainan and Changsha were taken over, he went to Wuguan to see Liu Bi. Cen Peng attacked Gongsun Shu, descended from Jiangzhou along the Minjiang River, defeated Hou Dan's army, directly captured Wuyang, went around the back of Cen Yan's army, and rushed to Guangdu with elite cavalry, only a few dozen miles away from Chengdu. When attacking Cai Zhou, Cai Zhou's elite troops were all used to resist Lee, not to guard against it. Li Su set out from Wencheng, captured Zhangchai Village, marched 200 miles in a hurry, arrived in Cai Zhou in the middle of the night, and captured Wu Yuanji alive at dawn. These are all examples of using Indiana Jones tactics.
When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attacked South Vietnam, Tang Meng requested to launch Yelang's army, and the waterway along the Songhu River to Panyu at the gate suddenly appeared, which South Vietnam did not expect at all. Wargo attacked Shu from the county, passed through Jinggu, climbed trees, followed the sinister stone path, filed in, surrendered to Mamiao in Jiangyou County, beheaded its commander Zhuge Zhan in Mianzhu County, and then forced to surrender. Tian led troops to guard Tongguan, and there was a big valley on the left of Tongguan called Forbidden Valley, which was unguarded by troops. Huang Chao's Ministry sent Lin Yan and Shang Rang into the customs from the valley, attacked Tongguan, and Tang Jun was defeated. These are all examples of ambush tactics.
I looked at the ancients who were good at fighting. In a battle, they also want to win by using three strategies: soldier, surprise attack and ambush, not to mention defending and attacking a country, which is related to the security of the whole world. Can people who don't know these three tactics be generals?
analyse
This paper mainly talks about the attack and defense of using troops. Su Xun summed up three ways of attack and defense in his article: one is the right way, that is, I attack and defend; One is the strange way, that is, the big troops attack from the front, and the elite troops attack the attackers from the opposite side; One is an ambush, that is, a person who sneaks into the enemy's back and inserts into the abdomen and heart. He advocates avoiding the reality and being empty, and winning by the strange way and the hidden way. In order to prove his point of view, he cited a large number of ancient military examples, such as six countries attacking the Hangu Pass in Qin, Cen Peng attacking Gongsun Shu, Hanwu attacking South Vietnam and so on. Mao Kun's Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties in Ming Dynasty, Volume 113: "According to ancient biographies, it is also a famous saying in ancient and modern times."