Xunzi developed the materialistic factors in Confucius' thought and was the most outstanding emerging landlord class thinker and educator in the pre-Qin period. He said, "I thought about it all day, but I didn't learn it in a flash." Learning is the foundation of thinking and thinking is the deepening of learning. If you are proficient in learning thinking, you will know what is clear. "It is wrong to know and do nothing. Xunzi thinks that thinking is the key between learning and doing, not thinking that scholars are unknown. Therefore, he believes that the ideal "scholar" is not only knowledgeable and versatile, but also has extraordinary rational judgment ability, "knowing the class" and "learning the classics". "Tao is the manager of governance. \ ""The ceremony is extremely humane ". The essential meaning of \ "knowledge \" is \ "knowing the ceremony \", while thinking is to judge the quality of knowledge by the ceremony, and it is against scribbling without seeking the original meaning or procedure.

First of all, Xunzi believes that teachers' work is a lofty and great political occupation, which only Confucianism and gentlemen and saints undertake; Teachers are professional political and cultural workers who educate scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce with courtesy and righteousness. Therefore, he particularly emphasized the position and role of teachers. "Heaven and earth are the foundation of life; Ancestors are the foundation of class; " Jun and Shi are the foundation of governing the country. The relationship between heaven and earth and the teacher is the basis of ceremony, "the ceremony, so the body is also;" "Teacher, so the ceremony also. Why is rudeness right? Without a teacher, I am polite, right? Teachers play an important role in the political life of the country, so he warned the rulers to remember in particular that "it will be important for the country to prosper and learn from your teachers and pay more attention to them." "If the country wants to decline, it is not as good as a teacher and lighter than Fu." Whether to attach importance to teachers is a major event related to the political destiny of the country. Teachers should be respected and trusted by rulers.

Secondly, Xunzi emphasized the dignity of teachers and believed that teachers had absolute authority. He said: "Without a teacher's words, it is a bank; Teaching is not called a teacher, twice as much. " People on the other side of the river know that the monarch is not there, and the literati don't talk when they meet all kinds of roads. He also said, "indecent assault is impossible. Without a teacher, there would be no teacher." Teachers are the embodiment of courtesy and righteousness and must be absolutely obeyed. The ruler must not allow anyone to betray, doubt or criticize the teacher, otherwise he will be accused by the criminal law. Xunzi further proved Confucius' democratic spirit of "being a loyal teacher", and regarded "dignity and awe" as one of the necessary conditions for teachers, making teachers the embodiment of the will of the ruling class. Thirdly, Xunzi believes that teachers play a leading role in the teaching process, which is manifested in the decisive role of teachers in choosing and adopting teaching contents, methods and means. The profound Confucian classics can only be understood and mastered by students after being explained and expounded by teachers. Through the teaching and guidance of teachers, the learning process can be greatly shortened. He said, "People who know how to learn from others can learn quickly." . Therefore, Xunzi asked students to be teachers, to be teachers, to respect teachers and to be loyal to them. Fourth, as a teacher, Xunzi is strict. He said: "There are four skills that can be used for reference, but they must be used for reference. Dignity and fear can be teachers; First love and believe that you can be a teacher; If you don't commit a crime, you can be a teacher; In a word, you can be a teacher. Therefore, there are four skills to learn from, but we can't help but learn from them. That is to say, in addition to profound knowledge, teachers should also have four basic conditions: first, they should have dignity and prestige; Second, we must have rich experience and lofty beliefs; Third, we should have the ability to teach Confucian classics, step by step according to the inherent logic of the textbook, in an orderly way, without memorizing; Fourth, we should be able to learn and master the essence of teaching materials and be good at explaining the meaning of words, rather than asking questions.

Xunzi believes that teachers should have the ability to explain metaphors, and "use their arms to express metaphors and use their arms to clarify metaphors." In addition, we should be good at refuting and criticizing unkind words, so as to "see the end and understand its petty arguments, and do our duty and reason." These ideas were inherited and developed by Xue Ji, and became the basic requirements of feudal society for teachers' teaching ability. Mencius' exposition on education also has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Mencius' educational thought not only inherits Confucius' educational thought, but also has his own unique views. These insights are still used by us today and still play an indispensable role in the construction of modern education.

First, Mencius believes that human nature is good and moral concepts exist a priori. At the same time, Mencius summed up this view in one sentence: "Benevolence is not from the outside, but from me." Based on this, Mencius put forward the theory of "conscience" and "virtue". Although idealistic, Mencius also emphasized the role and importance of subjective initiative. Mencius said: conscience, virtue and ethics can be found through moral education. The so-called "there is no other way to learn, just ask him to rest assured." This is the theory of good nature based on educational psychology, which is essentially the foundation of education.

Second, it is emphasized that in addition to lofty goals, we should also set high standards for our ambitions and ideals. Mencius believed that "gentleman" should be "rich and dirty, poor and unyielding" and "success, let the people do it; If you are frustrated, go your own way. " (2) "Poverty is good, goodness is the world", and we firmly believe in morality and are determined. Think that setbacks and blows are just good opportunities to hone your will and grow your talents. This can be seen from Mencius' Mencius. See Gao Zi Xia. This article wrote: "Therefore, if Heaven wants to demote Sri Lanka, it must first suffer its mind, train its bones and muscles, starve its body, empty its body, and mess with its actions, so it can't be patient."

Third, acknowledge the influence of the objective environment. Mencius is an idealist, who often exaggerates the role of people's subjective initiative, even to an inappropriate degree. However, when it comes to the cultivation of people's character and the formation of psychological state, we have not ignored the influence of the environment, nor forgotten the constraints of material conditions on people. Fourth, Mencius believed that teaching by example was more important than teaching by words. If educators can't be role models for students, they can't be "excellent, there must be good people." Educators in schools should lead by example. He also advocates teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, competing with scholars' personalities and choosing different teaching methods according to time and place. It can be seen that Mencius' educational thought is scientific. At the same time, it is principled, flexible, enlightening, concrete and targeted. Teaching methods require erudition, breaking the agreement and hitting the point. Strict pursuit, simple explanation and subsequent induction. In order to make others understand abstruse and difficult problems clearly and correctly, Mencius often uses metaphors to explain them in simple terms, making people clear at a glance. As for inspiration and induction, he said, "It is absurd for a gentleman to lead without sending it. People who stand in the middle and can follow. " Participation means that people who are good at learning can have fun from it. Therefore, the complacent teaching method is also scientific.

Mencius' educational thoughts and teaching methods deserve further discussion. Although 2000 has passed, it still recognizes and influences our education today. It is the task of every educator to inherit and carry forward it.