"Raise your hand to ask questions" and "Teacher's Day" have existed since ancient times.
Apprenticeship is an essential part of the entrance ceremony for new students in ancient times. The Book of Rites stipulates that when freshmen enter school, they should first kneel on the throne of Confucius, the former teacher, and then bow down to the teacher and offer six meaningful gifts such as celery and longan.
In the Tang Dynasty, the ceremony of learning from teachers was included in the official national etiquette system. In the Qing Dynasty, students in imperial academy saw for the first time that teachers wanted to "promote themselves from the East". Because in ancient ceremonies, the eastern order was inferior and the western order was superior, which required "three worships".
In addition to paying homage to teachers, the ancients also paid great attention to the etiquette of respecting teachers and valuing Taoism in their daily study. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the "Student Code-Disciple's Position" stipulates that "when in doubt, ask" in class; If they meet on the road, students should also stand by and wait for the teacher to pass by before moving on.
In fact, there was also a "Teacher's Day" in ancient times, mainly to commemorate Confucius. Huang Zongxi's "Learning from Chen Ganchu" records that every year on Confucius' birthday in the Han Dynasty, the emperor would lead a hundred officials to worship at the Confucius Temple, and would also invite Confucian scholars from Guo Zi School and imperial academy to the palace for a unified banquet. "For the guests who eat and drink, give the words on the banquet to entertain them."
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it not only followed the custom of offering sacrifices to Confucius, but also selected excellent teachers from schools and presented them to the court. Teachers who have won the title of "excellent" will be rewarded and encouraged.
In the Qing Dynasty, every time Confucius was born, the imperial court would give teachers in colleges and universities a "salary increase", and those with excellent grades could be "promoted" and awarded the highest eight titles. According to "Emperor Jingdi's Sacrifice to Life at the Age of Four", the people in Beijing "forbidden to slaughter, worship temples, study rooms and pay homage to teachers and students" on that day, which shows the importance attached.
These teachers and students love each other forever.
In addition to Confucius, many famous teachers in the past dynasties were sought after and welcomed.
Hu Yuan was an "Internet celebrity" teacher in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the sons of Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu all voted for him. According to students' abilities and interests, he creatively put forward "the division of arts and sciences"; He also likes entertainment and education. When explaining the Book of Rites, he drew the ritual vessels into pictures and made them into teaching cards. When he left the college, the students were reluctant to part, and the team that came to see him off was vast.
Han Yu, who wrote the immortal masterpiece Shi Shuo, is also an advocate of entertaining. His classroom atmosphere is very lively. "I'm afraid it's not perfect. Swimming with laughter and singing will make everyone forget to go home." He advocated "learning what he meant, not what he said" and writing articles should be "a new language of its own", which attracted many students to learn from teachers.
In addition to famous teachers, there are many stories of celebrities respecting teachers, which have also become a story of the ages. Perhaps the most well-known story is the story of "It's a snowy day": Shi Yang, a scholar of Northern Song University, and his friends went to visit their teacher Cheng Yi. It was the middle of winter, and Cheng Yi was reposing. Not daring to disturb the teachers, they stood by and waited respectfully. When Cheng Yi woke up, he found that they were still waiting. The snow outside was a foot thick.
As the saying goes, "once a teacher, always a father". Yue Fei was born in a poor family when he was a child, and Zhou Dong, a private school teacher, accepted him as a student for free. After Zhou Dong's death, Yue Fei wore linen clothes, drove a hearse and held a filial piety ceremony. On the fifteenth day of the first month, he will pick up the "arm bow" given by the teacher and shoot three arrows as a souvenir.
The punch line of "metaphor" and "graceful and restrained" respecting teachers
The pen of literati always praises the teacher without hesitation. "Your husband is full of peaches and plums, so why should he plant a variety of flowers in front of the hall?" The great poet Bai Juyi's "planting flowers in the green field hall" makes "peaches and plums all over the world" a buzzword to praise teachers.
People also like to use subtle metaphors in ancient poems to express their gratitude to their teachers. Li Shangyin's Untitled: "Spring silkworms die, night candles mourn" is a well-known word; Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night": "Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently", and Luo Yin's bees: "After a hundred flowers gather into honey, whoever works hard is sweet" is also often used to praise teachers.
There are "figurative school" and "graceful school". Many scholars like to express their respect for teachers implicitly. For example, Li Bai wrote in "Seeking Harmony, Respecting Teachers and Living in Seclusion": "Dial the clouds to find the ancient road, lean on the stone to listen to the flowing spring ... talk to the river at dusk, and smoke alone." By describing the scenery around the teacher's residence, he expressed his admiration and was full of new ideas. Zheng Banqiao wrote in "Hsinchu": "Hsinchu is taller than the old bamboo branches and is supported by old cadres", which is also unique.