Successive states and counties, reflecting people's feelings, changing laws, and suppressing the economic reforms in the early feudal society in the history of China, Liu Yao is also the representative; By the Song Dynasty, the feudal society had entered the late stage, and Wang Anshi was the economic reformer who was ill during this period. When Wang Anshi was in northern Song Shenzong, he presided over a political reform movement, which reformed the economy, military affairs, culture and education, etc., with the financial and economic reform as its core, and its new laws mostly started from the financial economy. This political reform was the development of the feudal landlord system economy to a certain stage. A "self-help" movement made by the ruling class to solve the tense and complicated social contradictions played a certain role in roughly turning the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty at that time, and had a wide impact. "Wang Anshi's political reform" was an important event in the history of China, and Wang Anshi himself was a famous reformer in China in the eleventh century (< Complete Works of Lenin, Volume 1, Page 152).

As the host of the political reform, Wang Anshi showed great courage and boldness. In the history of China, the sharpness of the struggle between political reform and anti-political reform in this political reform movement is also particularly prominent. Mentioning Wang Anshi's indomitable spirit of carrying out political reform, people will naturally think of these three famous sayings, namely, "The weather is not enough to be feared, the ancestors are not enough to learn the law, and people's words are not enough to show their sympathy", which fully shows that Wang Anshi is really a clank man of iron of character. In fact, these three famous sayings come from, and there is a story among them. It was the spring of the third year of Xining, Song Shenzong (17), and it was widely rumored among government officials that Wang Anshi had put forward three slogans in front of Emperor Zhao: "The weather is not fearful, the ancestors are not law-abiding, and people's words are not compassionate."

Sima Guang, a bachelor of Hanlin, took these three sentences as strange ideas in a "strategy question" for Li Qingchen and others, and asked the examiners to make a big fuss about it and strongly refute it. However, when Sima Guang asked Shenzong to review the policy, Shenzong told people to "paste it with paper" and ordered "don't make a policy, try to clarify the minister, etc." The next day, Shenzong asked Wang Anshi, who was already the deputy prime minister, "Do you say that there are three shortcomings?" Wang Anshi replied: "I don't smell it." Shenzong also said that the imperial court also had this! "Ask wang anshi what these three sentences are. Wang Anshi said: "Your majesty is personally involved in politics, and he has no pleasure in lingering. Everything is afraid of hurting the people. This is fear of changes."

"your majesty asks for people's words, and does not listen to them. is it unkind? However, people's words are inherently inadequate. If it is justified, what can people say? Therefore, the biography says that courtesy and righteousness are not satisfactory, so why care for others? It' s not enough to talk about people' s words. " "As for the law of fathers, it is so. And Renzong reigned for forty years, and he amended (the law) several times; If the law is certain, children and grandchildren should abide by it for the rest of their lives, then why do fathers change themselves repeatedly? (Long Chronicle, Volume 59, Wang Anshi's Deeds, Volume 73, Sima Guang's Collected Works, Li Qingchen's College Entrance Examination, etc.) In the dialogue, Wang Anshi avoided answering the question that the weather is not enough to be feared, but affirmed that "people's words are not enough to sympathize with this, and" fathers are not enough to learn the law. " Although he didn't take the initiative to put forward these two slogans before the emperor, as Sima Guang said, he expressed his approval. "Things change without fear" is also in line with his consistent thought (Wang Anshi said that "disasters are all days, not related to personnel gains and losses").

Therefore, although this incident was originally fabricated by the opposition to slander Wang Anshi and accuse him of deviant behavior, the development of the incident was contrary to their subjective wishes. The theory of "three shortcomings" just summed up Wang Anshi's thought of political reform. Wang Anshi took advantage of the situation and directly stated the truth that people were unkind and their ancestors' laws were not kept, and beat back the attacks of Sima Guang and others. Moreover, in his later reform, Wang Anshi really followed the spirit of "three shortcomings" and went forward bravely and persisted in the end. With Wang Anshi's own approval, "the weather is not good enough, the ancestors are not good enough," and "people's words are not good enough" have become his battle slogans for breaking superstition and emancipating the mind during his reform.

How did Wang Anshi carry out his amazing reforms in the struggle against the conservative forces, not afraid of changes in the sky, rumors and the constraints of his ancestors? Let's briefly talk about Wang Anshi's origin, experience before the political reform, the background of the political reform and the process of the political reform. Wang Anshi, whose name is Jiefu, was born in the winter (November 12th) of 121, the fifth year of Song Zhenzong. Father Wang Yi, a native of Linchuan (now Linchuan, Jiangxi Province), was born in the official residence where his father was a judge of Linjiang Army (Qingjiang, Jiangxi Province).

Before he was twenty years old, Wang Anshi had been to many places with his father: Shaozhou (Shaoguan, Guangdong), Bianjing, Jiangning (Nanjing, Jiangsu), etc. After his father died (when Wang Anshi was nineteen years old), his family was very poor. Wang Yi was an official and upright honest and frank, which had a good influence on young Wang Anshi. After Wang Anshi arrived in Jiangning at the age of seventeen, he was determined to study academically. His reading was not limited to Confucian classics. He read all kinds of books, such as Difficult Classics, Su Wen, Materia Medica, and invited novels, and his knowledge became increasingly profound. Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, loves to read poems, and he is also good at learning Han Yu's ancient prose, thinking that literary affairs are beneficial to the world. " After hard study and forging, Wang Anshi's literary accomplishment reached a high level when he was young.