1. Classical Chinese essays on the philosophy of life

On a sleepless night, I came out of bed and looked up at the moon and stars. Although the night is peaceful, everything is sleeping, except for the full moon, the stars, the breeze, and the dew. They are silent and silent, but the observer has an uplift. It is when the sleepless heart complains that the ears weep. The coldness enters the bones and heart, and it is difficult for the blunt energy to invade the marrow. Sincerely, I come to the stage to express my gratitude. It is not that I have no sleep, but in fact I have no crown in my official career; my future is uncertain; my interest is incomplete; I am not yet familiar with the way of advancement, retreat, and reincarnation; I do not understand the principles of ups and downs, ups and downs; I pray specifically for the bright moon and starry sky; I use material words to enlighten me; To calm his mind; although the night is covered with darkness, covering the vastness of the world, it is ruthless, but the stars and the moon wrinkle up, and with their faint light, they call back all things; although they are as stupid as a needle passing away in the sea, they are happy to have feelings; these small things are The flickering light is not to illuminate the behavior of the world, but is actually to express the wishes of those who pray. The glimmer of light is actually no complaint and silent, but the essence of the rhyme is spread between heaven and earth, silently; it is not for those who are idle. The brilliance of the gift is not known by the stubbornness of the world. Today is the night of worship. I recall the thousands of years. The winds and clouds on the journey, the joys and sorrows, the misfortunes and blessings day and night, cannot be lamented. It is difficult to avoid the eyes and ears of day and night. ; The bundles here are all dissolved. In the darkness of this scene, everything is moving, but day and night are not moving. Here, reincarnation alternates, and yin and yang change. Although it is silent and mute, it is stretched thousands of miles, but it is actually the vast universe; the vast universe, comprehensive Miscellaneous chapters; if it can attract the eyes and shine the light of the day, what can it do? The vast night is also silent; beg for it; but the spiritual energy of the night quickly penetrates into the heart; I silently answer: If you want to watch the waves in the bright day, The tops of mountains; the cliffs of mountains and cliffs; capturing everyone's attention; both difficult and easy; everything in the world changes like morning clouds, impermanent and unpredictable, how can it be understood by human will; how can it be possible to have a heart of honor and admiration; history has given people all water, and after death they are soil ; There is luxury in peace; why are there differences in food and clothing; distinctions in clothing; distinctions between high and low; the principles of rich and poor; do not look at the weather; do not look at the geography; do not look at the people; these are all the fault of human beings; why sigh when God calls out? ; The night is very deep; night after night, day after day; I can ask: when was your life; what month did you die; what day did you eat; I close my eyes; I dissolve into the night; it is a dark night; I only listen to ; smell; touch; think about it with four senses, and then realize the vastness of the natural world, and then merge into it, self-mutilation; deeply feel the insignificance of oneself; weak body; ordinary age; plain appearance; but how can I endure it, A wisp of autumn wind in the long river of history will pass away; it is sad and lamentable; when you enter it, all your thoughts are lost; when you enter it, the rich and the poor are poor; when you enter it, black and white are pale; when you enter it, you have no worries about life and death; when you enter the world, there is no wealth left; when you are noble, it depends on your years; only The stars that can dazzle history and shine at night are also the stars. I dare to ask you whether you would like to lower your curtains at night and look up to all generations; or follow the wind and drift through the wind, sand and thorns of thousands of miles; this all depends on the heart of flesh and blood. What do you want when you come into the world? The body of flesh and blood; what is the purpose of entering the world? ; It is not something that destiny can help; people are like the night; the night is like people; only the night can allow all living beings to explore the vastness of the world; only the night can allow all living beings to unearth endless light; the night is hidden, and people are hidden; the night is also hidden. It's so big; it's so big to think about; it's pity that such a profoundly degraded beauty is often abandoned by the world; it's a pity; my view is still shallow; I have to wait for the master to rest in peace; I worship the night here; the night is so quiet; Although there is not a single word, heaven and earth illuminate my heart; if you know it, you will know it; if you don’t know it, you will not know it; a fool will use gold as gold; people will receive all things as joy; the way is different and the will is not clear; what else can I ask for? 2. Asking for 50

There are many classic ancient texts. At the request of the poster, I will give you these two! These two articles are very meaningful and I think every gentleman must read them.

"On the Love of Lotus" (Northern Song Dynasty) Zhou Dunyi Flowers of land and water are very lovely. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums.

Since Li Tang, people have loved peonies. I only love the lotus that emerges from the mud but is not stained, washes the clear ripples without being evil, is straight in the middle and has no vines or branches.

I say chrysanthemum, the flower that represents seclusion; peony, the flower that represents wealth; lotus, the flower that represents the gentleman. The love of chrysanthemums is rarely heard of after Tao.

Who can share the love of the lotus? The love of peony is suitable for everyone! "Inscription on the Humble Room" Liu Yuxi The mountain is not high, but it is famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual.

This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains.

There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people in communication. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra.

No messy ears of silk and bamboo, no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi.

Confucius said: What is so shameful? . 3. Classic ancient Chinese quotations (100 items)

1. It is like discussing and discussing, like polishing.

("The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Zhan Ao") 2. Those who speak are not guilty, but those who hear are warned. ("Book of Songs: Preface") 3. Stones from other mountains can attack jade.

("The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Crane") 4. Give me a peach and repay me with a plum. ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Yu") 5. There is no beginning for extravagance, and there is an end for Xianke.

("The Book of Songs·Daya·Dang") 6. Take a long breath to cover your tears, mourning the hardships of people's lives. (Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 7. The road is long and long, and I will search up and down.

(Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 8. I cannot change my mind and follow the customs, otherwise my general will be miserable and end up poor. (Qu Yuan's "She Jiang") 9. A ruler is short, an inch is long.

("Chu Ci·Bu Ju") 10. I have a good heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets. (Chu Ci (Li Sao)) 11. Its music is high, and its harmony is low.

(Song Yu (Question to the King of Chu)) 12. If you are full, you will be harmed, but if you are modest, you will benefit. ("Shang Shu") 13. If you want to impose a crime, there is no reason to hesitate.

( "Zuo Zhuan: The Ten Years of Duke Xi") 14. How can a man have no faults? There is no greater virtue than being able to correct his mistakes. "Zuo Zhuan: The 5th Year of Duke Xi") 16. The warriors restrained all the kingdoms with their strength, and the women were temporarily exempted from the kingdoms ("Zuo Zhuan: The 32nd to 33rd Year of Duke Xi") 17. There was no previous incident. Forgetting is the guide for future affairs.

("Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce") 18. It is not too late to mend the situation after it has been lost. ("Warring States Policy·Chu Policy") 19. Know yourself and the enemy, and you can fight a hundred battles without danger.

("Sun Tzu's Art of War: Attack") 20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. ("Laozi·Chapter 64")) 21. Misfortunes lie on the back of blessings, and blessings lie on the backs of misfortunes.

("Laozi·Chapter Fifty-eight")) 22. The sky net is vast, sparse and not leaking. ("Laozi·Chapter 73")) 23. He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise.

("Laozi") 24. Birds of a feather flock together, and people divide into groups. (Book of Changes) 25. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.

("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong") 26. Those who have gone by cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued. ("The Analects of Confucius") 27. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you.

("The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan") 28. The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the ambition. ("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan") 29. To learn without thinking is to be in vain, and to think without learning is to perish.

("The Analects of Confucius·For Politics") 30. Be tireless in learning and teaching. ("The Analects of Confucius·Shu Liang") 31. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always worried.

("The Analects of Confucius·Shuer") 32. People who have no long-term worries must have immediate worries. ("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong")) 33. Be true to your words and be resolute in your deeds.

("The Analects of Confucius·Zilu")) 34. When making friends, keep your word. ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer")) 35. If something is wrong, correct it; if not, then encourage it.

(The Analects of Confucius) 36. It is tolerable, but what is intolerable? ("The Analects of Confucius·Eight Hundreds")) 37. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.

("The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang")) 38. My life has a limit, but my knowledge also has no limit. ("Zhuangzi: Master of Health Preservation") 39. It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people.

("Guanzi·Quanxiu") 4O. Oranges are oranges if they are born in Huainan, and they are oranges if they are born in the north. ("Yan Zi Chun Qiu") 41. If you are rich, you can help the world; if you are poor, you can only take care of yourself.

("Mencius · Be dedicated to one's heart")) 42. Old people, I am old, and people are old; young people, I am young, and people are young. ("Mencius, Part II of King Hui of Liang") 43. The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people.

("Mencius Gongsun Chou") 44. The people are the most valuable, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important. ("Mencius: Devoting Your Heart") 45. Those who have attained the Way will receive many help, while those who have lost the Way will receive little help.

("Mencius Gongsun Chou")) 46. Born in adversity, died in happiness. ("Mencius: Report") 47. Wealth and honor cannot lead to sexual immorality, poverty and lowliness cannot move, and power cannot bend.

("Mencius·Teng Wen Gong") 48. It is better to have no books than to believe in all the books. ("Mencius: End of the Heart") 49. Life is what I want; righteousness is also what I want; you cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness.

("Mencius: Fish I Want") 50. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the gold and stone can be carved. ("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 5l. The fluffy hemp grows straight without support; the white sand is raised, and it is black with it.

("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 52. A thousand-mile embankment collapses in an ant nest. ("Han Feizi·Yu Lao") 53. Running water does not rot, door hinges do not become beetles, and they move.

("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") 54. To study alone without friends is to be lonely and ignorant. ("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes")) 55. One piece and one piece of relaxation, the way of civility and martial arts.

("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes") 56. If jade is not polished, it will not become a tool; if a person does not learn, he will not know. ("Book of Rites·Xue Ji") 57. Everything will be established if it is forewarned, and it will be ruined if it is not forewarned.

("The Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean") 58. If you are envious of fish in the depths, it is better to retreat and build a net. ("Book of Han·Biography of Dong Zhongshu") 59. A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise.

("Huainanzi: Human Lessons") 60. A slight error is a thousand miles away. ("Historical Records·Tai Shi Gong's Preface") 61. The peach and plum trees are silent, and they create their own mistakes.

("Historical Records: Biography of General Li") 62. A wise man will lose something after a thousand worries; a fool will gain something after a thousand worries. ("Historical Records of the Marquis of Huaiyin") 63. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth and good for the disease, and loyal words are unpleasant to the ears and good for action.

("Historical Records") 64. Xiang Zhuang danced with the sword, aiming at Peigong. ("Historical Records·The Original Notes of Xiang Yu") 65. A great deal does not take care of the details, and a great gift does not hesitate to make small concessions.

("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") 66. People are knives and soldiers, and I am fish and meat. ("Historical Records·The Original Notes of Xiang Yu") 67. If you don't make a sound, it will be enough.

("Historical Records·Funny Biographies") 68. King Wen was restrained and performed "The Book of Changes"; Zhongniee wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote "Li Sao"; Zuoqiu lost his sight and wrote "Li Sao" "Guoyu"; Sun Tzu's Bijiao, the art of war; Bu Wei's move to Shu, "Lu Lan"; Han Fei's Guo Qin, "Shuo Nan" and "Lonely Anger"; "Poetry" 300 chapters, most of which are the works of sages and sages out of anger (Sima Qian's "Report to Ren An") 69. The rope cut off the wood, and the water dripped through the stone.

(Ban Gu's "Han Shu") 70. When the water is clear, there are no fish, and when the people are at home, there are no disciples. "Book of Han: Biography of Dongfang Shuo") 71. If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be sad! (Han Yuefu "Long Song Xing") 72. A person who travels a hundred miles will be half ninety

(Han (Yi). "Poems of Feng Yi Yi Chapter 4") 73. Lost in the east, harvested mulberry trees (Fan Ye (Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Feng Yichuan)) 74. Where sincerity reaches, gold and stone will be opened.

(Fan Ye (Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Feng Yichuan). "Guangling Si Wang Jing Biography") 75. It is difficult to live up to the great reputation (Fan Ye of the Southern Dynasty Song Dynasty (Book of the Later Han Dynasty)) 76. How can one catch the tiger's den if one does not leave it?

(Fan Ye's "The Legend of Wang Jing") Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Ban Chao) 77. The strong wind knows how strong the grass is, and the grass will wither when the weather is cold (Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty") 78. The old man has great ambitions: a martyr is in his old age, but his ambition is small.

( Cao Cao's "The Turtle Lives") 79. Work hard and die. (Zhuge Liang's "Later's Discipline") 80. There is no way to show one's ambition without being indifferent.

1~Zhuge Liang's. "Book of Admonitions" Original text: A gentleman's journey is to cultivate one's character through tranquility, and to cultivate one's virtue through frugality.

If you are not indifferent, you will not be able to make your ambition clear, and if you are not quiet, you will not be able to go far.

Without learning, there is no way to develop talents, without ambition, one cannot cultivate one's talents, and one cannot cultivate one's nature if one is impetuous. Go away, then become withered, many will not take on the world, and stay in the poor house with sorrow, how will it be possible? Translation: The character of a person with both virtue and talent relies on inner peace and concentration to cultivate the body and mind, and relies on the frugal style to cultivate character. . If you don't despise worldly fame and wealth, you can't clarify your ambitions. Without physical and mental peace, you can't realize your lofty ideals.

You must concentrate on learning, and you must study hard if you don't study hard. If you have clear ambitions, you will not be able to achieve success in learning.

If you pursue excessive pleasure and are lazy and careless, you will not be able to inspire your spirit. If you are frivolous and irritable, you will not be able to cultivate your temper. Like withered branches and leaves, (becoming a person who does nothing) has no use to society. (At that time,) staying in the small world of one's own, sad and sighing, what is the use? Use the law to make.

Guang, make. Ye Xing: to cultivate one's temperament. Poor house: borrowing from generation to generation refers to one's own small world.

..2~Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan·Tan Cong" "Owl will move eastward" Owl met Jiu. Jiu said: "My son will be safe." Xiao said: "I will move eastward." Jiu said : "Why?" said the owl, "all the people in the country hate my singing, so they move eastward." The dove said, "if you can sing more, that's fine. If you can't, moving eastward still sounds like a hateful son." Translation: Owl Meets After meeting the turtle dove, the turtle dove asked it: "Where are you going?" The owl said: "I am going to move to the east." The turtle dove asked: "Why?" The owl said: "Everyone in the village hates my hoot, so I want to move to the east."

Ikaruga said, "Just change your cry. If you can't change your cry, the people in the east village will still hate you."

Explain that this fable warns people that when dealing with their own major shortcomings and certain major problems, they must fundamentally solve them. They cannot just talk about things and avoid conflicts like an owl moving, because such problems cannot be solved.

.3~ "Learning Chess" Yi Qiu is one of the best chess players in the country.

Let Qiu teach two people to play. One of them is dedicated to his purpose, but Yi Qiu is the only one who listens.

Although one of them heard this, he thought that a swan was coming, so he shot it with his bow. Even though I have learned from him, I am not as good as him.

Why is he so wise? Said: Not so. 4~ "Two Children Debating the Sun" Confucius was traveling eastward and saw two children arguing and asked why. < /p>

One son said: "When the sun comes out at the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood. By the middle of the day, it is like a pan. Isn't it that the far one is small and the near one is big?" "It's cool, even in the middle of the day, it's like exploring a soup. It's not hot when you're near, but it's cool when you're far away." Confucius couldn't decide.

The two children laughed and said: "Who knows more about you?".

.5~Carving a boat to ask for a sword There was a Chu man who waded into the river, and his sword fell from the boat into the water. He quickly signed a contract with his boat and said, "This is where my sword fell from."

The boat stopped, and he entered the water to find it. The boat has moved, but the sword cannot.

If you are looking for a sword like this, you will be confused! 6~ Pulling out seedlings to encourage them to grow. Some people in the Song Dynasty pried their seedlings out of pity because they were not growing. They came back with a bright light and said to them: "I am sick today! I will help the seedlings grow." His son came to look at him, but the seedlings were withered. That’s it.

.. Borrowing light from the wall "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing" Original text Kuang Heng studied diligently and held a candle, but his neighbor had a candle but did not catch it.

The people in the town were illiterate and their family was rich and well-educated. Heng worked as a servant without asking for compensation. The master asked Heng strangely, and Heng said: "I would like to have the master's books read all over."

The master sighed and gave him the books to build a university. 7~. Sit back and wait for the rabbit. Original text: People in the Song Dynasty had people who plowed the fields.

There was a plant ① in the field. A rabbit walked along and touched the plant ②. It broke its neck and died. Because he released his weeds and kept the plant ③, he hoped to get the rabbit ④ again.

The rabbit cannot be recovered, but as a Song Dynasty laugh⑤. Today, if we want to use the government of the previous kings to govern the people of the current world, they will all be like Zhuzhu.

.8~Zhizi suspected his neighbor: There was a rich man in the Song Dynasty, and the walls were damaged by the rain.

His son said: "If you don't build, there will be robbers." His neighbor's father also said the same thing.

In the evening, the fruit will greatly destroy his wealth. His family is very wise and his son is suspicious of his neighbor's father. .

.9~ Holding a pole and entering the city: Lu You held a long pole to enter the city gate. If he held it upright at first, he could not enter. If he held it horizontally, he could not enter. There is no way out. An old man from Russia came and said, "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things. Why not cut them in with a saw?" Then he cut them off 10~Spears and Shields There were people in Chu who used shields and spears①, and they praised him as② : "My shield is so strong that nothing can trap it."

He also praised his spear and said: "My spear is so sharp that everything can trap it." Or ④: "With Zi's spear How about being trapped in the shield? "The man can't respond.

The impenetrable shield and the impenetrable spear cannot exist in the same world. ——"Han Feizi>."

.11~Ji Chang learns archery. Gan Fei was a good archer in ancient times.

The disciple was named Fei Wei. He learned to shoot at Gan Ying and was more skillful than his master. Ji Chang also learned archery from Fei Wei.

Fei Wei said: "You must first learn without blinking, and then you can shoot." Ji Chang returned and lay down under his wife's machine, holding his head with his eyes.

Two years later, although the end of the cone turned back to the canthus, it was not instantaneous. To sue Fei Wei.

Fei Wei said. "If you haven't yet, you must learn to look at it before you can see it.

Look at the small as big, look at the micro as small, and then tell me." Chang Yi yak hung lice on the awning, looking south.

In ten days, it was like a baptized university; after three years, it was like a wheel. Looking at the rest, they are all hills and mountains.

It uses the arc of the swallow's horn and the pole of Shuopeng to shoot it, penetrating the heart of the louse, and hanging there forever. To sue Fei Wei.

Fei Wei jumped high and said: "You have got it!" The translation is as follows, for reference only: Gan Ying was a person who was good at archery in ancient times. Before the bow was fully drawn and fired, all the birds and beasts fell down.

There was a disciple Fei Wei who learned archery from Gan Ying, and his skill surpassed that of his master. Ji Chang also learned archery from Fei Wei.

Fei Wei said: "You must learn not to blink your eyes first, and then you can talk about archery." Ji Chang returned home and lay down on his wife's weaving cloth. 5. Philosophical classical Chinese articles

Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning" The gentleman said: Learning cannot be stopped.

Green is derived from blue, and green is from blue; ice is derived from water, and is cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is kneaded to form a wheel. Its curve is regular. Although it is rough and violent, it is no longer straight. [The car is soft] to make it so.

Therefore, if wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight, and if metal is supported by gravel, it will be beneficial. A gentleman who is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day will know clearly and act without fault.

Therefore, if you don’t climb high mountains, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t go to the depths [Xi Valley], you don’t know the depth of the earth; if you don’t listen to the last words of the former kings, you don’t know how great knowledge is. The sons of the Yue Yi raccoon dogs were born with the same voice, grew up and had different customs, and they were taught to do so.

The poem says: "You gentleman, you will never rest in peace. I am respectful to you, and you are so upright.

God listens to you, and you are blessed." God is not greater than transformation. As the saying goes, blessings are better than disasters.

I think about it all day long, but it is not as good as what I learned in a moment. I taste the [foot branch] and look at it. It is not as good as climbing high to gain a broad view.

When you climb high and move, your arms are not lengthened, but the sight is far away. When you shout along the wind, the sound is not accelerated, but loud and clear to those who hear it.

Those who pretend to be horses are not beneficial to their feet, but they can travel a thousand miles. Those who make fake boats can't swim, but can't run rivers.

A gentleman is born with nothing different in mind, and is good at things. There is a bird in the south called the Mongolian dove. It makes its nest with feathers braided in its hair and tied with reeds.

When the wind blows, the sweet potato will break and the eggs will break and the child will die. The nest is not endless, but it is tied to it.

There is a tree in the west called "Shegan" with a stem four inches long. It grows on a high mountain and is close to the abyss of Bai Ren. Wooden stems are not capable of growing, but what they stand on does.

The fluffy hemp will stand straight without support. 〖The white sand is black in nirvana.

〗The root of Sophora japonica is Zhi Zhi, and when it gradually becomes □ (different body "repair" plus three points of water), gentlemen will not get close to it, and common people will not accept it. Its quality is not unattractive, but it is so gradually.

Therefore, a gentleman must choose a hometown when he lives, and he must find scholars when traveling. Therefore, he should guard against evil and eccentricity and stay close to the middle and right. The origin of things must have a beginning.

When honor and disgrace come, they must be like their virtues. Insects appear in the rotting meat, and beetles appear in the fish.

Being careless and forgetful about oneself will lead to disaster. Strength takes its own pillars, softness takes its own bundles.

The evil and filth in the body are caused by resentment. If the firewood is applied once, the fire will become dry.

If the ground is flat, the water will be wet. Plants and trees grow everywhere, birds and animals flock together, and everything follows its own kind.

This is the reason why the bows and arrows are stretched when the nature is stretched; the trees are lush and the axes are heavy; the trees are shaded and the birds are resting; the wine is sour and the gnats are gathered together. Therefore, words can bring disaster, and actions can bring disgrace. A gentleman should be careful about where he stands! The accumulated soil forms a mountain, and the wind and rain stir it up.

When water accumulates and forms a deep abyss, dragons emerge. Accumulate good deeds and become virtuous, and the gods will be satisfied and the holy heart will be ready.

Therefore, if you don’t accumulate steps, you can’t reach a thousand miles; if you don’t accumulate small streams, you can’t reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can drive ten times, but it's hard to give up the merit.

If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the gold and stone can be carved. An earthworm has no sharp claws and teeth, nor strong muscles and bones. It eats earth and drinks from the underworld.

A crab with six knees and two pincers, and a non-snake ("good" next to the insect) whose hole has no sustenance, is impatient. Therefore, those who do not have deep ambitions do not have clear enlightenment.

Those who do not have [忄 faint] [忄 faint] have no great achievements. Those who follow the road will not come, and those who serve the two kings will not tolerate it.

The eyes cannot see both ways, and the ears cannot hear both ways and understand. □ (In "Teng", "horse" is replaced with "worm") The snake has no legs and can fly, and the wu rat has five branches and is poor.

The poem says: "The corpse dove is in the mulberry, and its son is seven. A gentleman's manners are one.

His manners are one, and his heart is like a knot." Therefore, a gentleman Tie together.

In the past, when the gourd played the harp and the water flowed down, the fish came out to listen. When Boya played the harp, the six horses raised their heads. Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the action is not hidden but invisible.

When jade is in the mountains, the grass and trees are moist; when pearls grow in the abyss, the cliffs are not withered. Do good deeds without accumulating evil? Is there anyone who doesn’t hear it? Is this the beginning of learning evil? The end of evil? He said: The numbering begins with chanting sutras and ends with reading rituals.

The meaning is that one begins as a scholar and ends up as a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will progress, and if you learn nothing, you will stop.

Therefore, there is an end to learning numbers, and if it is true, it cannot be abandoned even for a moment. To do it is a human being; to leave it is a beast.

The old book is also the discipline of political affairs. Poet, where the sound stops.

Etiquette is the great division of law and the discipline of groups. Therefore, learning only ends with etiquette.

This is the ultimate morality. The etiquette is respectful and elegant, the music is harmonious, the poems and books are extensive, and the Spring and Autumn period are subtle. They are all between heaven and earth.

The learning of a gentleman enters the ears, the chopsticks touch the heart, spreads throughout the four bodies, and forms movement and stillness. To put it simply, creeping and moving can be regarded as a rule.

The learning of a villain enters the ears and exits the mouth. The distance between the mouth and the ears is four inches, which is enough to beautify a seven-foot body! Scholars in ancient times were for themselves, but scholars today are for others. A gentleman's learning is to beautify his body.

The learning of a villain is like a pig. Therefore, if you don't ask, you will tell him that he is proud; if you ask one question, he will tell you that he is proud.

Pride is wrong; [praise] is wrong; a gentleman is like Xiang. If you don't learn from others, then you will get close to them.

The rituals, music, and methods are not explained, the poems and books are not clear, and the Spring and Autumn Period are simple but not fast. If the people's habits and teachings of the gentleman are followed, they will be respected and spread throughout the world.

Therefore, it is said: If you don’t learn, don’t approach others. The best way to learn the classics is to be good to others, and the second best thing is Longli.

Then in the last days and in the poor years, one will inevitably become a crude scholar. The original king was benevolent and righteous, so he was polite and corrected his longitude, latitude and path.

If you pull out the fur collar and pause with five fingers, there will be countless people who obey. If you don't follow the rules of etiquette and use poems and books to do it, it's just like measuring a river with your finger, pounding millet with a spear, or cooking a pot with a cone.

Therefore, although the rituals are not clearly understood, he is a Dharma scholar; if the rituals are not extended, although he is an observer and debater, he is a Confucian scholar. If you ask about suffering, don't complain.

Don’t ask anyone who complains. Don't listen to those who talk about suffering.

Don’t argue with those who are ambitious. Therefore, you must arrive at the path and then pick it up; if it is not the path, avoid it.

Therefore, courtesy and respect can then be related to the direction of the speech; smooth diction can be related to the principle of the speech; color can be followed, and then it can be related to the speech. Therefore, it cannot be said to be proud in words, it can be said to be concealed in words and not to look at one's complexion, it can be said to be blind.

Therefore, a gentleman is neither arrogant nor hidden nor blind, but obeys his own rules. The poem says: "The bandit makes love, the bandits relax, it is given by the emperor."

This is what it is called. Missing one out of a hundred shots is not a good shot.

It is not a good control to be able to travel thousands of miles without even taking one step. If there is no common moral code and no consistency in benevolence and righteousness, it cannot be called good learning.

Those who learn something must stick to it. As soon as you go out and enter, you are the person in the alley.

There are few good people and many bad people, just like Jie, Zhou and others. If you do everything, then you will be a scholar.

A gentleman knows that incompleteness and purity are not enough to be beautiful, so he should recite it several times to understand it, think about it to understand it, deal with it for others, and maintain it to eliminate its harm. Make your eyes have no desire to see what is not right, make your ears have no desire to hear anything not right, make your mouth have no desire to speak anything not right, and make your heart have no desire to think about anything not right.

When it comes to good things, the five colors that are good for the eyes, the five sounds that are good for the ears, the five tastes that are good for the mouth, and the good mind are all over the world. Therefore, power cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken.

Life depends on this, and death depends on it. This is called moral conduct. Morality can then be determined.

Be able to calm down and then be able to respond. Can determine energy. 6. Looking for ancient philosophical texts and famous sayings

1. It is like discussing and discussing, and it is like polishing and polishing. ("The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Zhan Ao")

2. The speaker is not guilty, but the listener is warned. ("The Book of Songs: Preface")

3. Stones from other mountains can attack jade. ("The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Crane")

4. Give me a peach and give me a plum in return. ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Yu")

5. There is no beginning for extravagance, and there is an end for Xianke. ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Dang")

6. Take a long breath to cover your tears, mourning the hardships of the people's lives. (Qu Yuan (Li Sao))

7. The road is long and long, and I will search up and down. (Qu Yuan (Li Sao))

8. I cannot change my mind and follow the customs. The regiment will be miserable and end up in poverty (Qu Yuan's "She Jiang") 9. A ruler is short, an inch is long ("Chu Ci·Bu Ju")

10. I am still kind in my heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets (Chu Ci (Li Sao))

11. His music is even more noble, and his harmony is more rare. (Song Yu (Question to the King of Chu)) < /p>

12. If you are full, you will be harmed, but if you are modest, you will benefit. /p>

14. People are not sages, how can they make mistakes? ("Zuo Zhuan")

15. The assistants and chariots are dependent on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold. "The fifth year of Duke Xi")

16. The warriors restrained the kingdoms with their strength, and the women were temporarily exempted from the kingdoms ("Zuo Zhuan·The Thirty-two to Thirty-three Years of Duke Xi")

17. Remembering the past is the guide for the future. ("Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce")

18. It is not too late to mend the situation ("Warring States Policy·Chu Ce"). )

19. Know yourself and the enemy, and you will never be defeated in a hundred battles ("Sun Tzu's Art of War: Planning for Attack")

20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step ("Laozi·Chapter 64").

21. Misfortunes are where blessings depend 7. The most philosophical classical Chinese essay in history

The most philosophical classical Chinese essay in history, "Xunzi·The Instrument of You Sitting" should be One of them.

Original text

Confucius looked at the temple of Duke Huan of Lu and saw a utensil. Confucius asked the temple guard, "What utensil is this?" : "This cover is a utensil for sitting." Confucius said: "I heard that when the utensil for sitting is empty, it is squeezing, when it is in the middle, it is upright, and when it is full, it is covered." Confucius Gu said to his disciples: "Pour in water." The disciples splashed water. And note it. It is full but not full. Confucius sighed and said: "Oh! It is evil to be full but not full!"

Translation

Confucius visited the temple of Duke Huan of Lu and saw an instrument that was tilted and easy to fall over. Confucius asked the temple guard: "What kind of instrument is this?" The temple guard replied: "This is a tool for sitting on." Confucius said: "I heard that the utensil will tilt when it is empty, it will stand upright when it is half filled with water, and it will tip over when it is filled with water." Confucius turned back to the student and said, "Pour water into it." The student brought water to fill it. When half of the water was poured in, the teacup was upright. When it was filled with water, it fell over. When the water was emptied, it tilted again. Confucius said with emotion: "Oh, how can it be full?" What about those who have achieved success without overthrowing?" Zilu asked, "Is there a way to maintain fullness?" Confucius said, "Those who are wise and wise use stupid methods; those who have made more achievements than others in the world, use methods of concession; use courage. Those who shake the world use timid methods; those who have wealth spread all over the world use humble methods. This is the so-called method of constantly filling and constantly losing.

Philosophy

Xunzi’s account of Confucius’ view of the “Use of Sitting on the Box” expounds a very profound philosophical principle, which still shines with the light of truth that cannot be annihilated. , the impact on future generations is also huge. According to records, Du Yu of the Jin Dynasty and Zu Chong of the Southern Dynasties made similar weapons to educate their children to study hard and prevent pride and complacency.