1． The author puts forward the central thesis at the beginning: "Although the principle of rise and fall is called destiny, it is not human affairs!" It means that the prosperity of the country and the success or failure of the cause mainly depend on human affairs. From the author's emotional sighs, it is not difficult to realize that some people ignore "human affairs" and entrust the "rise and fall" of the country to "the destiny", which is what Ouyang Xiu deplores. Although "New History of the Five Dynasties" is a description, description and criticism of the political and historical figures of the Five Dynasties, it also expresses the author's worries about the Northern Song Dynasty and his dissatisfaction with the bad government and the establishment at that time. In this preface, which is not only a detailed history, but also a political commentary based on the reality of the Northern Song Dynasty. The author's intention is already clear.

The author constantly introduces warning assertions during the discussion, such as "worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, and leisure and hesitation can destroy one's life", "Misfortune is often accumulated in the slightest, but wisdom and courage are often trapped in drowning", He also quoted the famous saying in "Shangshu", "Being full brings harm, being modest is beneficial", which not only enriches the argument, reveals the root cause of Li Cunxu's gain and loss of the world, but also fully reflects the author's writing intention. It is really thoughtful and thoughtful. The Northern Song Dynasty at that time was on the surface called a "prosperous age", but in fact it was already in crisis. Disasters often accumulate in the slightest, shouldn't we pay attention as early as possible to prevent them from happening? The rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time were certainly not as addicted to actors as Zhuangzong; however, "wisdom and bravery are often trapped in addiction" and "carelessness can lead to death." Shouldn't they be more vigilant and be prepared for danger in times of peace? The author wrote this article clearly because he hated the rulers at that time for being "Man", "Yuyu" and those who indulged in evil villains, and hoped that they would learn historical lessons from Zhuang Zong, which has practical significance today.

2. In order to demonstrate the central argument, the author uses the historical facts of Zhuangzong's rise and fall in the later Tang Dynasty as the main argument. He writes about Zhuangzong's success in the world from "the end of the Jin Dynasty" to "the triumphant acceptance of him", and highly praises his "vigor" when he succeeded. "Prosperous"; from "Ji Qiujia has been destroyed" to "How declining" writes about Zhuangzong's loss of the world, lamenting the "decline" of the situation when he failed. In this way, through the strong contrast between prosperity and decline, rise and fall, gain and loss, success and failure, the root cause of Zhuangzong's historical tragedy is highlighted, making the conclusion that success and failure all come from human beings, which is surprising. Convincing and thought-provoking.