There are two kinds of graduates: one is round and the other is angular.

I saw an anecdote about education. One year, a delegation from China went to the United States to inspect primary education. After returning home, the delegation's report described it this way: students ignore moral quality and ability; Students in the second grade of primary school are still illiterate; Children attach importance to the education of music and physical beauty and despise the education of mathematics and physics; Poor classroom discipline, students ignore the existence of teachers. The delegation concluded that primary education in the United States is very bad.

In the same year, the United States also sent a delegation to China. After the inspection, they also had some thoughts: China primary school students have good discipline in class and put their hands behind their backs. Unless the teacher asks questions, students dare not speak; China students still have to do their homework when they go home; Rank the pros and cons by score. The American delegation believes that students in China have the best grades, and China may surpass the United States in science and culture within 20 years.

But more than 30 years have passed, and the conclusions of both delegations are wrong. American education, which is not favored by people, is increasingly respected, while Chinese education, which is favored by people, is increasingly criticized.

This anecdote is actually a question about education. What is education? Malagu, the founder of Reggio's preschool education system, wrote in his poem "There are actually 100 kinds": "Children are made up of 100 kinds. The children have a hundred languages ... a hundred worlds ... but ninety-nine have been stolen. " His views are clear. Children don't really belong to you, but to this world. You can't possess them, but let them grow freely. Malagu's view on education is very clear. Education is not just knowledge education, but survival education, life education and finally knowledge education.

Our education and knowledge are considered the most important things. It seems that with "knowledge education", people's ability to adapt to society, people's education, labor skills, practical skills and so on can all be solved together. In fact, this is the greatest sorrow of education. A survey report shows that 80% of children can't wash clothes, cook and do housework now. About 17% of teenagers under 8 years old in China are troubled by various emotional disorders and behavioral problems, which are manifested in interpersonal relationships, emotional stability and learning adaptation. Many people are hard to cope with adversity, and some even choose to commit suicide when they are hit or unhappy. This is the tragedy of exam-oriented education.

I know a father who gave his 5-year-old daughter a small cloth bag with a piece of paper with a phone number written on it, a mobile phone and 20 yuan, and then let her go to kindergarten by herself. At first, he followed his daughter every day. Later, the girl went to kindergarten by herself. Many people say behind their backs, "How can there be such an irresponsible father?" But no one sees that this is a different kind of education.

An American mother named Anne Si Tong wrote this letter: "My child has gone to school, and I give him to you-the whole world. Please hold his hand gently and tell him what he needs to know. Let him know that where there are villains, there must be heroes; For every treacherous person, there must be an upright person; Where there are enemies, there must be friends to help. Tell him that he can devote a hundred times of energy and wisdom to success, but he can't sell his soul. Tell him that reading is important, but you should also appreciate the beautiful scenery given by nature ... The world, you should give your children strength, faith and indomitable spirit ... "

I really like this passage.

A child moved a ladder to get the ball off the roof, but no one helped him hold the ladder. The child was very sad. The father of the child is here. He said to the child, "son, go up." I am here to hold the ladder. " The child climbed so high that he never thought he could climb so high. Father's name is Rockefeller. When the baby comes down,

He told the child: "In fact, the ladder is very safe. I have never held a ladder from beginning to end. " There is such a ladder in every child's life, and many children hesitate when waiting for the escalator. In fact, children can climb higher by themselves.

If you give your child to the world, maybe the child will be stronger.

Draw a blueprint for life. Without a good gentleman, there is no consciousness. University is a place for deep processing of a person, but the previous foundation and appearance have been laid down by basic education: both the little emperor and the little princess have to leave their "father" and "mother" to enter the school, accept the baptism of collective life and regular teaching, learn the basic knowledge of various disciplines, learn to treat people and start regular work and rest. This is the beginning of their socialization and the initial stage of their personality growth, just like a stem cell begins to differentiate rapidly. At this time, what I learned from my teacher was completely integrated into my life and blood. What I learned after college can only be used as supplementary knowledge-the skeleton has been built and sewn. No matter whether you grow muscle or fat, you can't grow taller.

Socrates' father is a sculptor. One day, he asked his father who was carving a stone lion how to be a good sculptor. The father said, "Look! Take this stone lion for example, I am not carving this lion, I am just waking it up. " Father further explained: "The lion is sleeping in the stone, and I just rescued it from the prison of the stone."

Mr. Zhu Yongxin, an educator, unceremoniously raised the "entry threshold" of the teaching profession: "Teachers are an adventurous and even dangerous profession, and great men and sinners may be formed in his hands, so teachers must tread on thin ice and try their best to make themselves and their students noble."

If the enlightened person is a spotless piece of white paper, then Mr. Enlightenment undoubtedly participated in drawing the blueprint of the enlightened person's life. 1909 12.8, teacher Xu Teli of Changsha Vocational School gave a speech in the school playground. As he spoke, he burst into tears with anger. He cut off his left little finger with a knife on the spot and handed it to the petition group in bloody handwriting. "Please hold the founding meeting and cut off your finger." Mao Zedong, then a student, later recalled Xu Teli's strong feelings and thought that "this gave me the first perceptual knowledge of the revolution".

Mr. Qian Mu, a master of Chinese studies, entered school at the age of 10. His first teacher, Qian Bogui, studied in Shanghai when he was young. He was a hidden revolutionary. One day, Qian Bogui took Qian Mu and asked, "I heard that you can read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is that right?" Qian Mu called it. The teacher told him, "Don't read such books any more. At the beginning? The general trend of the world, if it is long, it will be divided, and if it is long, it will be combined. This is because the history of China has gone the wrong way. Now countries such as Britain and France in Europe are no longer divided when they are merged, and they are no longer chaotic when they are ruled. We should learn from them in the future. "

After some teaching, Qian Muton felt "thunderous and shocked the audience". Many years later, he recalled that the initial motivation of his lifelong academic research came from the inspiration of his teacher. Before he entered the university for self-study, he had been a primary school teacher for 10 and a middle school teacher for 8 years. In his later years, Qian Mu told people many times that teaching middle school is not as good as teaching university, and teaching primary school is not as good as teaching middle school.

Professional ethics is the basic quality of teachers.

Dante once said: "Morality can make up for the lack of wisdom, but wisdom can't make up for the lack of morality." Therefore, for a teacher, the most important thing is to have a basic professional ethics. Therefore, the nurse who insists on taking out the last piece of gauze abides by her professional ethics, and the teacher who insists on teaching a student also abides by the teacher's professional ethics. Then, if we can become a teacher, we must also abide by the professional ethics of teachers, because this is the eternal pursuit of truth and the responsibility of never giving up.

Loving students is the core requirement of teachers' professional ethics. Teachers' care plays a vital role in children's character and personality development. A class group lacking teacher's love is unharmonious and unhappy, and children's learning and growth in this atmosphere will inevitably form an unsound character and personality. Teachers' love can not only create a democratic, harmonious and relaxed classroom atmosphere, but also help develop children's observation, memory, thinking, imagination and creativity. Therefore, as a teacher, we must first love our students.

As an excellent professional teacher, it is not enough to have the spirit of loving students. Education and teaching require teachers to master their own professional knowledge, in addition, they must also have extensive cultural knowledge and necessary educational scientific knowledge. Teachers need a bucket of water to give students a drop of water. Teachers should not only teach students cognition, emotion, ability and values, but also use their existing knowledge and experience to deal with all kinds of accidents in the process of education and teaching. teach

Another core requirement of teachers' professional ethics is their educational tact. Educational tact is a kind of creative thinking ability. Teachers should use teaching tact, be flexible, be flexible and changeable when dealing with classroom emergencies, and analyze specific problems. For example, if a teacher meets a student's prank in class, it will affect other students' attendance. If ignored, it will affect the prestige of teachers and make students worse. At this time, teachers should give full play to their teaching wit and make the teaching work go on normally.

As an excellent vocational teacher, the most important thing is to adhere to the educational principle of people-oriented personality development. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, each child's physical and mental development is different, and his intellectual specialty is also different. As educators, we should carry out different education according to each child's personality differences, so as to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, step by step, and guide them according to the situation. Professional ethics is the professional soul of nurses and teachers.

Looking for light with black eyes

An optimist will say, "I still have half a glass of water." Pessimists will say, "I have only half a glass of water left." Just like Ms. Selma, there are two different lives in the same place. Teachers should treat students equally, look for the "bright spot" of each student, and care for and cherish the all-round development of all students.

Spencer once said, "careful observation is a factor of great achievements." Understanding students through observation is also the primary task for teachers to do well in teaching. Selma was able to write the book Happy Castle according to her own personal experience, precisely because of her careful observation and positive and optimistic exploration of everything around her. As a teacher, we should also be good at observing, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and guiding them according to the situation. Only in this way can every student develop.

Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Education is rooted in love", and loving students is also the core of teachers' professional ethics. Ms. Selma began to study all kinds of cacti and appreciate the graceful sunset and mirage. This is the process when she began to love the world. Love students, and love all students. In the whole class, teachers should not only love students with good grades, but also give more care to underachievers. Love students, combine important love with respect and trust, fully carry forward democratic education, establish a democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students, and better stimulate students' initiative and enthusiasm for learning.

In addition, teaching should also rely on positive factors to overcome negative factors. Every student has both positive and negative factors, just like Selma's mother wrote back: "One sees the dirt on the ground and the other sees the stars in the sky". As a teacher, we should fully enlarge the advantages of students, use appreciation education, help and guide students to overcome negative factors through positive factors, and form a correct outlook on life and complete personality characteristics.

Every student has a different color of light. As long as teachers are good at discovering this kind of light, they will be "like a spring breeze" like Selma. Then, teachers should seize this little light, give students more help, guidance and expectation, and believe that every student can shine in his own world and achieve his glory as soon as possible.

Fun makes harmony.

Three students went into a shop to find something to quench their thirst. Like sweet like juice, like light choose mineral water, like bitter and sweet to buy coffee. The three flavors are different, but they are harmonious because of their differences-harmony without difference is harmony. If there is only one kind of drink in the world, it will be boring.

Colorful makes harmony. Look at the light yellow of goose willow smoke, the green of green grass, the brilliant red of red apricots on the wall, and the blue sky with clouds and clouds. Their colors are different, but what's the harm? "Ten thousand colors are always spring", and the happy spring day for all things is not dominated by one color. Difference is the appearance, harmony is the essence, and colorful world is the real harmony.

Tap on the door of the red chamber and look for the dream that has been longed for for for a hundred years. You said that in A Dream of Red Mansions, Zhong Ling had so many beautiful daughters. Who is the reader's favorite? It has always been difficult to adjust, but it has always been appealing to both refined and popular tastes, stroking the slightly rolled pages. We seem to hear the publicity of "I'm late and I haven't met a distant guest", the sadness of "I don't know when the flowers have fallen", the surprise of "this girl seems to have met somewhere" and the call of "love my brother, love my brother"

Harmony is not a ruler, which abruptly measures everything and orders everything in the world to reach the same amount with the same standard; Harmony is a decision-maker, or commander, who takes the overall situation into consideration, makes everything in its proper place, allows them to interpret their true selves and achieve real harmony.

Thousands of years ago, in the war years of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, an unprecedented and amazing cultural feast was staged. The voice of a hundred schools of thought has penetrated the history books, and it is still hitting the floor through time and space; Thousands of years later, Mr. Cai Yuanpei's famous saying "Don't bind others with your own thoughts, and don't bind yourself with other people's thoughts" shocked many people in China who were looking for it. The idea of "academic freedom and tolerance" continues to this day, which is admirable.

Confucius said, "There are no classes in teaching." As people's teachers, we should respect different students, different viewpoints and different choices, understand and care for real harmony with our hearts and protect the interests of all students; Tolerate students' study habits; Respect students who buy different drinks in the store; Respect students who buy classical music or pop rock music in video stores? It is the different characteristics of each student that make up this colorful world. Without difference, there is no real harmony.

Enrich teaching materials with life

Under the influence of traditional educational concepts, a considerable number of teachers have a very stubborn "textbook-style" consciousness. Just like Mr. Xue in the materials, he regards the teaching materials as the "Bible" and thinks that "I will talk about what is in the book; How to write in the book, I will say it; Everything written in the book is right. " I will not apply the knowledge in books to my life through my own treatment, so that this farce will appear at the funeral. Now some teachers bind themselves to the teaching materials and break every knowledge point in the teaching materials into pieces, without missing a bit. They think that as long as the teaching materials are instilled in students, the teaching task can be completed, and the classroom atmosphere is monotonous.

Modern curriculum theory emphasizes that curriculum is a complex and open system composed of "textbooks and other teaching materials, teachers and students, teaching scenarios and teaching environment", so textbooks are the main curriculum resources for implementing education, but they are not the only curriculum resources. Textbooks are only one kind of materials for students to learn, not all materials. The spirit of the new curriculum reform tells us that teaching materials should be open and flexible, and should help students change their rigid learning methods, guide them to observe, practice, collect information, cooperate, explore, communicate, experience, feel and reflect, realize the diversification of learning methods and expand their learning space. These new curriculum ideas make us re-understand the "statutory" nature of textbooks, and it is far from enough to emphasize "teaching textbooks". Mr. Ye Shengtao once pointed out that "textbooks are nothing more than a case". We must break through the imprisonment of textbooks, creatively use textbooks instead of just teaching textbooks, be the masters of textbooks, and not become slaves of textbooks. We should not only use textbooks, but also rely on them.

Tao Xingzhi, a great educator, shook his head again and again and said, "You knocked one out."

Edison. "He personally went to a friend's house to take the child out and took it to the watch repair shop to see the master repair the watch. Tao Xingzhi said to the lady, "The watch shop is a school, the watch repairer is a teacher, and one yuan and sixty cents is tuition. Watching in a watch shop for more than an hour is a class. It is customary to open clothes by yourself. Parents should pay a little tuition, try to cultivate their children's interest in asking questions and take the initiative to learn, instead of letting their children be beaten. In this way,' Edison' will not be beaten away and driven away. "It can be seen that only by flexibly using the textbook" Life "and integrating book knowledge can we complete the teaching task more vividly and intuitively.

Teachers should observe life keenly and be good at enriching and enriching teaching materials with the content of life and the "living water" of the times. Textbooks are only a part of curriculum resources. Teachers should have the consciousness of curriculum reform and the ability to develop curriculum resources if they want to get rid of the shackles of textbooks. In fact, curriculum resources are rich and colorful, including students' experiences, living environment, teaching facilities, natural and social resources, network resources and so on. As long as we pay attention to life and observe it keenly, rich life accumulation will become a vivid curriculum resource for our teaching. As a teacher, as long as we abandon the traditional teaching concept of "teaching by the book" and enhance the curriculum consciousness and the ability to develop curriculum resources, we will certainly be able to "turn mediocrity into magic" and give full play to the value of teaching materials as curriculum resources.

Implement innovative education

Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity. With the rapid rise of scientific and technological revolution and knowledge economy, innovation and innovation education have become the focus of the times. More and more people have fully realized the significance of innovative education to national development and the progress of human civilization. How to implement and promote innovative education and cultivate innovative talents has become an urgent task for every educator.

First of all, the ideas and concepts of education need to be innovated. Because ideology is the decisive factor of all actions, ideology is particularly important in education. As the implementer of innovative education-people's teachers, we must actively change backward education and concepts and establish views and concepts suitable for the times. From the new view of education, teachers are not only preachers and puzzles in the traditional sense, but also promoters of students' learning, researchers of education and teaching, builders and developers of curriculum content. From the new view of talents, not only students admitted to universities are talents, but also those who can develop and improve their personality, improve their quality and ability and make contributions to social progress through creative labor. The purpose of our education is to cultivate talents suitable for the needs of various fields for the society. From the new view of education quality, the fundamental purpose of education is to educate students to learn how to be human, how to do things, how to seek knowledge and how to create, that is, education should be people-oriented, strive to improve people's quality and promote social development through human development.

Secondly, teachers' literacy needs innovation. Without innovative literacy, it is impossible for teachers to cultivate innovative talents. Education is both transitive and innovative. Teachers should have a strong desire for innovation, create a relaxed, harmonious and democratic learning atmosphere, and respect students' individuality. It has the art of stimulating students' desire for innovation, and has the basic educational scientific quality and educational scientific research ability. Teachers should not only impart knowledge to students, but also teach students to learn; We should not only give full play to teachers' enthusiasm, but also be good at stimulating students' subjective initiative in learning.

Thirdly, educational content needs innovation, including innovative educational teaching mode, innovative curriculum system and teaching content. For a long time, classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools in China has been influenced by exam-oriented education, forming a classroom teaching model with teachers as the center and imparting knowledge as the teaching goal, and imparting knowledge has become the main theme of classroom teaching. In this mode, the teaching process only attaches importance to imparting knowledge, ignoring the cultivation of students' innovative ability. The teaching mode of innovative education is to organically integrate knowledge and skills, processes and methods, emotions and values, so as to cultivate students' innovative ability. Traditional teaching knowledge is outdated, emphasizing theory over practice and lacking flexibility, which makes students lose their enthusiasm for learning and their consciousness of knowledge. Therefore, to implement innovative education and cultivate innovative talents, we must establish corresponding teaching content and curriculum system. We should adjust the content of classroom teaching, reform teaching methods and improve students' scientific research practice ability from three aspects: cultivating students' innovative thinking, innovative consciousness and innovative ability. Run innovative education through the whole teaching process.

Finally, we should create a good atmosphere for innovative education. Only a good environment can lead to good development. Educational administrative departments and institutions of higher learning should change their past functions and styles, change their old mindset, implement construction projects with school characteristics, and guide schools and departments to choose the starting point of reform from the reality of the construction of various disciplines. At the same time, increase the government's investment in education, accelerate the construction of educational facilities and the modernization of educational technology, and create conditions for information-based distance teaching.

Unity of knowing and doing is more important than doing.

This sentence on the wall of the children's museum in Washington all tells a truth: learning is more expensive than knowing, and doing is more expensive than doing.

Liu Xiang, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, said, "Seeing is not as good as hearing, and seeing is not as good as practice." For thousands of years, many thinkers and educators have been expounding an eternal truth for us: it is better to see than to do. That is, the unity of knowledge and action is more important than practice. In fact, the combination of listening and watching is knowledge. How can a person who has no ink on his chest make a difference? The ancients often said, "Learn from others' strengths and make appointments, and accumulate wealth and make little hair." If you don't have knowledge and insight, no matter who you are, it is not desirable. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a great people educator, pointed out that "doing is the beginning of knowing, and knowing is the success of doing". The name "Xingzhi" also represents his educational thought of "action-knowledge-action again". We acquire knowledge through observation and hearing.

In the teaching process, teachers should pay attention to the realm of "knowing how to draw bamboo". When Qi Baishi learned to draw shrimp, he used to sit in the shrimp pond all day and watch the dynamics of shrimp. Xu Beihong's picture of running horses is the result of his frequent observation of horses in the stables. In order to finish The Last Supper, Leonardo da Vinci spent two and a half years searching for people in pubs and markets and observing their behavior. These famous examples all enlighten us that if we want to learn successfully, we must have "knowledge" in our stomachs, and "knowledge" is the premise and foundation of "doing". In the teaching process, teachers can spread knowledge and students can master knowledge. Knowledge alone is not enough. What matters is "doing", not not not doing it. If you only have knowledge and foresight, but just talk, you will not be famous, but will be regarded as an "empty bottle" by others, without real talent and practical learning. Xunzi said, "I've been thinking all day. It's not as good as what I learned at the moment." Confucius once said, "I don't eat for a day and I don't sleep for a day." It's useless to think, it's better to learn. " Just knowing, but not doing it, I think all he has learned is stillbirth. In order to ensure the accuracy and meticulous of his medical skills, Li Shizhen personally went up the mountain to collect herbs and asked the farmers about the situation. In order to complete his travel notes, Xu Xiake traveled across mountains and rivers and traveled to many cities. Balzac personally went to Africa to hunt lions in order to make the characters in the book have lion-like character and perseverance; Tolstoy personally went to the battlefield to observe in order to depict realistic war scenes. All cases have proved time and time again that practice produces true knowledge, and only "doing" can verify "listening" and "seeing", and only "doing" can master real "knowledge". In teaching activities, students can experience life and nature by participating in extracurricular activities and observing the natural environment. Want and get, there are two words in the middle, that is, do. If you are lazy to practice, you will only make empty comments with book knowledge, leaving only a laughing stock. Yesterday, Zhao Kuo talked on paper and eventually lost; Today, some students talk about their ideals and finally get nothing.

Learning knowledge requires not only listening, but also accepting. We should use the eyes, ears, hands, brain and other senses to participate in learning, realize the unity of listening, watching and doing, and achieve the ideal effect.