Crossing the Lingding Ocean

Song Dynasty?·?Wen Tianxiang

xīnkǔzāoféngqǐyījīng

After a hard encounter,

gāngēliáoluòsìzhōuxīng

There are only a few stars surrounding the battle.

shānhépòsuìfēngpiāoxù

The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating in the catkins,

shēnshìfúchényǔdǎpíng

My life experience has been ups and downs.

huángkǒngtāntóushuōhuángkǒng

Afraid of the beach, said panic,

língdīngyánglǐtànlíngdīng

Sighing for a lonely person in the ocean.

rénshēngzìgǔshuíwúsǐ

Who has never died since ancient times?

liúqǔdānxīnzhàohànqīng

Leave a loyal heart to illuminate history.

The first two sentences of this poem reflect the poet's review of his life; the middle four sentences closely follow "The fighting is rare" and clearly express the author's understanding of the current situation; the last two sentences are the author's indifference to his own destiny. A hesitant choice. The whole poem expresses the impassioned patriotic enthusiasm, the high moral integrity and the outlook on life of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. It is a noble expression of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.

"After a hard encounter, only four stars fall in the sky." The "one scripture" refers to what Tianxiang said when he was a Jinshi in his twenties, and the "four stars" are four years. In the first year of Deyou (AD 1275, the reign name of Emperor Gong of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Yu), Tianxiang raised troops to help the king, and was captured in the first year of Xiangxing (AD 1278, the reign name of Zhao Bing, the king of Wei of the Southern Song Dynasty), exactly four years ago. This self-narration of life, thinking about the present and recalling the past. From the perspective of time, "joining the world" and "King Qin" are two major events. One is about personal origins, and the other is about the peril of the country. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, if an intellectual wanted to defend his family and country, he had to pass the imperial examination, and to pass the examination, he had to read scriptures. When Wen Tianxiang was killed, he left a self-praise in his belt saying: "Reading the books of sages, what do you learn? From now on, I have nothing to be ashamed of." This is what ties these two things together. The writings of saints are called scriptures, and scriptures are used to govern the country and bring peace to the country.

These two poems talk about two things, which seem to be separate and independent, but in fact they are connected together. The meaning of "Gange Luoluo" is similar to "Gange Luoluo". "History of the Song Dynasty" says that at that time, Xie Hou sent the emperor's edict, and very few people responded. The situation described here is consistent with historical facts.

"The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is fluttering, and the life experience is ups and downs." It is still elaborated and elaborated from both the national and personal aspects. Since the Song Dynasty abandoned Lin'an, Emperor Gong Zhao? was captured, and was actually destroyed. All that was left was that the local military and civilians organized themselves to resist. Duanzong Zhao Yu, who was supported by Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and others, died of panic while fleeing. Lu Xiufu restored the eight-year-old Zhao Bing to build a palace in Yashan and fled to various places. Use the word "broken mountains and rivers" to describe this situation, and add "wind floating catkins" to make the image more vivid. At this time, Wen Tianxiang's mother was captured, his wife and concubines were imprisoned, and his eldest son was dead. He was really like a duckweed on the water, helpless and helpless.

“I am scared when I am on the beach, and I sigh when I am alone on the ocean.” I continue to trace the different situations and moods of the past and the past. In the past, I was scared on the beach, worried about the country and the people, and I was sincere and frightened; today I am alone on the ocean, sighing that I am alone. . Huangfing Beach is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River. The water flow is fast and scary, so it is also called Fangfang Beach. The original name was Huanggongtan, but due to similar pronunciation, it was mistakenly called Huanggongtan. The beach is in the Ganjiang River in today's Wan'an County, Jiangxi Province. Wen Tianxiang passed by here when he raised troops to serve the king. Lingding Yang was located outside Yashan, 15 miles away from the Pearl River in present-day Guangdong Province. It was now named Lingding Yang. Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured and escorted here. The former is reminiscence, the latter is the current situation, both are experienced personally. One is a general and the other is a prisoner. Therefore, when facing a powerful enemy, generals may not be able to complete their mission of defending their homeland and restoring their country, and they are in panic. As a prisoner, I am alone, with only one person. Here, "wind flutters with catkins", "rain beats with pings", "panic beach", and "lonely ocean" are all in front of you. You can pick them up at your fingertips, the dialogues are neat, the words are natural, and the images are vivid, revealing a cavity of grief and anger and tears of blood.

"Who has never died in life since ancient times? Leave your loyal heart to reflect the history." The pen turns and suddenly goes forward, from the present to the future, pushing aside the reality and revealing the ideal. Such conclusion is like ringing a bell and leaving no sound. linger. The tone of the whole poem suddenly changes, from melancholy to pioneering, bold, and free and easy.

"Who has never died in life since ancient times? Leave a loyal heart to illuminate history!" The whole article ends with majestic momentum and high-pitched sentiment, reflecting his national integrity and view of life and death of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. It is true that Wen Tianxiang integrated poetry and life, poetic style and personality. A masterpiece for the ages, with a high mood, it inspires and inspires countless people with lofty ideals throughout the ages to make heroic sacrifices for the cause of justice.