Wen Tianxiang

Once hard work came,

there were few stars around.

the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating,

the life experience is floating and the rain is beating.

fear is said on the beach, and

there is a sigh in the ocean.

No one has died since ancient times,

Take the heart of Dan to shine on the history.

Translation

Looking back at my early years, I went through a lot of hardships when I entered the imperial examination.

Now the war has subsided for four weeks.

A country in danger is like catkins in a strong wind,

How can an individual be described as duckweed in a shower?

I'm still scared by the fiasco at Fear Beach.

Ling Dingyang is trapped in Yuan Lu, and it's a pity that I am lonely.

Since ancient times, no one can live forever.

I want to leave a patriotic heart to reflect the history.

Note:

① Lingdingyang: It is in the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December (1278), the first year of Emperor Zhao Min's Xiangxing at the end of the Song Dynasty, and was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. In the first month of the following year, Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army attacked the cliff mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to surrender Song Jun commander Zhang Shijie who adhered to the cliff mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem.

② "hardship" sentence: tracing back to my early life experience and all kinds of hardships since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; Once upon a time, it refers to an official who has passed the imperial examination because he is proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang spent four years in Baoyou, Song Lizong (1256), taking the first place as a scholar.

③ Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, the war between Song and Yuan Dynasties is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the year-old star, and the year-old star circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounded by stars, that is, 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old annotations, "the stars around" were mostly taken as the four years since Wen Tianxiang's request to the diligent king in 1275. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.

④ "mountains and rivers" sentence: It means that the national situation and personal destiny are irretrievable.

⑤ trepidation beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, and it is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.

⑥ "Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and my own courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in the warship of Lingdingyang.

⑦ history: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to keep notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called history.

Appreciation 1:

This poem was written by Wen Tianxiang after he was captured. One or two sentences the poet reviews his life, but limited by space, in writing, he cites two things: entering an official position and losing a battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "fighting and falling", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more difficult to talk about. However, in the face of this great change, what the poet thought of was not his personal way out and future, but his deep regret that he failed to win militarily in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. From between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin, the desolate mood intertwined with self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This makes the previous feelings and grudges add a tragic and passionate strength and confidence, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, which is far beyond the scope of language and writing.

Appreciation 2:

This is a poem that will last forever. At the beginning of the poem, look back on your life. It is intended to imply that you are tempered and fearless no matter what difficulties and hardships. Then I recounted my combat career: I spent four years in a desolate and cold war environment. Linking personal destiny with the rise and fall of the country.

three or four sentences continue to express the development of the situation and deep anxiety and anger from the two aspects of the country and the individual. This couplet is neat and the metaphor is appropriate, which truly reflects the social reality and the poet's experience at that time. The national and ethnic disasters, personal bumpy experiences, all kinds of pain tormented the poet's feelings, making his words doubly sad.

The five or six lamentations are deeper, and the typical events in the encounter once again show the poet's painful heart trembling because of the country's collapse and his distress. The last two sentences converge the whole article with great momentum, and write a heroic oath that would rather die than surrender, which means that since ancient times, has there been immortality in life? As long as we can keep this patriotic loyalty shining in the history books.

This famous saying, which has been told through the ages, is a hymn of an ideal life written by the poet with his own blood and life. The style of the whole poem is gloomy and tragic, and it is a great patriotic poem that moves the world and makes the gods cry.

Appreciation 3:

"When hard work comes, there are few stars around. In the face of do or die, the author recalled his life and was deeply touched. He seized two major events, one was to become an official with Ming Jing, and the other was to be a diligent king. With these two pens, I wrote the historical background and personal mood at that time very well. "Fighting is rare" is about the overall situation of the country. According to "History of Song Dynasty", the imperial court recruited soldiers from all over the world, but few people sacrificed their lives for their country as Wen Tianxiang did. The author's use of the word "fighting is sparse" implies anger against those who drag out an ignoble existence and condemnation of the capitulators!

If the first couplet is traced from the vertical aspect, then the jaw couplet is rendered from the horizontal aspect. "The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs, and the rain hits the ping." The author uses the bleak natural scene to describe the decline of state affairs, which deeply shows his mourning. The lonely minister of subjugation is like a rootless duckweed drifting on the water, with no attachment, which is bad enough. And the author writes the word "rain" on "Ping", which is even more miserable. This "ups and downs of life experience" summarizes the author's arduous struggle and bumpy life. This couplet is neat in antithesis, with appropriate metaphor, vivid image and strong feelings, which makes people feel sad when reading it!

five or six sentences carry on the previous meaning, further rendering and germinating. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang's army was defeated by Yuan soldiers and retreated to Fujian from Huangjitan. At that time, he was facing the sea before, and there were pursuers behind. How to break through the dangerous situation of that narrow escape and turn defeat into victory was his most worrying and disturbing thing. Now that the army has been defeated, as a prisoner, it has been escorted to Dingyang. Can you not feel lonely? This couplet is particularly sentimental. The two sentimental place names "Imperial Fear Beach" and "Zero Ding Yang" are naturally opposite, and they are used by the author to express his "fear" yesterday and "Zero Ding" in front of him, which is really a swan song in the history of poetry!

In the above six sentences, the author exaggerates the hatred, hardships and difficulties of the home country to the extreme, and the feelings of sadness converge to the climax, but the ending is a slap in the face: "No one has died in life since ancient times, so take care of the heart and shine on the history! "With the majestic momentum and high-pitched mood, the whole article is wrapped up, showing his national integrity and his view of life and death. The mystery of the ending makes the whole article from sad to strong, from depressed to uplifting, forming an immortal strong song.

Author introduction:

Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283) was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word is good, and the word is Song Rui, whose name is Wenshan and Luling (now Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province). At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, he tried his best to resist the enemy, was defeated and captured, and never succumbed to the intimidation and inducement of the Yuan people, and finally died calmly. His later poems mainly described the difficult course of fighting against Yuan soldiers, and showed firm national integrity, generosity, tragic and touching.