Socrates: know yourself, that is, know yourself.

Socrates introduced:

Socrates (Greek: σ ω κ ρ? τη? ; English: Socrates；; German: Sokrates) (469 BC, 47-399 BC) was one of the founders of Greek (Athens) philosophy.

Socrates had a strong influence on philosophers in the later ancient and modern times. Socrates' description of art, literature and popular culture makes him one of the most well-known figures in the western philosophical tradition.

At the age of 7, Socrates was tried by the Athens court on charges of "disrespect for gods", "belief in new gods" and "bewitching young people", and finally chose to drink poisoned wine and die.

Fourteen years after Socrates' death (385 BC), the Athens court retried Socrates' case, acquitted Socrates, and sentenced Melot, who falsely accused Socrates at that time, to death, while Lucon and Anitus were sentenced to exile. And the stonemason also portrayed Socrates' head to commemorate this event.

It is not a simple matter to study Socrates' philosophical beliefs: because he left no works of his own, we can only explore them from Plato's and Xenophon's records. However, their records are often contradictory, so which record is closer to the truth has always been a controversial topic.

Some people think that Socrates doesn't actually have any specific beliefs, but only interrogates each belief; Plato's lengthy theory published in the Republic is actually Plato's own idea. It is quite difficult to distinguish the concepts of Plato and Socrates from the records, and it is even more difficult to explain their concepts.

Therefore, it is not easy to find Socrates' ideas from Plato's and Xenophon's records-it must be noted that these ideas are probably not put forward by Socrates himself, but may be closer to the views of these writers.