1. The translator of the ancient prose "Correcting the Name First for Politics" asked Confucius that Wei Jun needed to help him govern the country. I wonder what he will do first.

Confucius replied that "it must also be reasonable" and did not express other opinions.

Correcting the name means that Ma Rong thinks "the name of Pepsi" and Zheng Kangcheng thinks "the word of the right book". "Historical Records" and Confucian scholars since the Song Dynasty mostly advocated the birthright with the gate valve. However, if we explain the name of father and son, we should be fathers, heirs to the throne and sons, and we should give in. However, although Liao is a son, he has actually succeeded to the throne for a long time. And when he was alive, he no longer regarded Qin as a prince, but made a deliberate contribution. Although all the notes have their own reasons to solve this problem, it is doubtful whether they conform to Confucius' meaning.

Lutz didn't prove his name, so he said, "Yes, yes", and then he called Confucius's words pedantic. What he means is that Wei Jun has been in office for a long time and can continue to be a monarch. "Xi Zheng Qi" doesn't need to clear his name.

Confucius corrected Luz and said, "Wild talk can't be turned into vulgarity, but according to Kong Anguo's note," it's necessary to do it ". If you can't reach it, you just don't understand something, so the next sentence says, "A gentleman doesn't know what he knows, but he knows nothing. "A gentleman must' cover up' what he doesn't understand.

The following is Confucius' explanation of Lutz's need to clear his name:

If the name is incorrect and the name does not match the facts, then the text is wrong and illogical. If you don't speak well, you can't succeed. Doing ordinary things has not been successful, let alone promoting etiquette and music education. Governing the country must be enlightened by etiquette and music. If ordinary things can't be done, everything will be in chaos, and the music will not get up. Good manners and music, punishment for loss, that is, punishment for improper use. If the punishment is wrong, people will feel at a loss and don't know what to do, which will lead to chaos in the world.

Finally, the conclusion: therefore, the use of nouns by gentlemen, just like facts, can be said in a rational way. If you can say it rationally, it will work. A gentleman can't talk casually.

2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete (1), (2) Question (1)① Wang Wei asked you to run the country. What are you going to do first?

(2) so, the gentleman must set a birthright, must be able to make it clear, say it will work.

(2) Righteousness is the only way, words are appropriate, things can be done, music can flourish, punishment can be executed properly, and people can manage well.

Lutz said to Confucius, "Wang Wei wants you to govern the country. What are you going to do first? " Confucius said, "First of all, we should correct our name." Lutz said, "Has anyone ever done this? What you think is out of place. How is this name correct? " Confucius said, "Zhong You is really rude. A gentleman is always skeptical about what he doesn't know. If the birthright is not right, it will be unreasonable to speak, and if it is unreasonable to speak, it will not be done. Nothing can be done, and music can't be promoted. If rites and music cannot flourish, the execution of punishment will not be appropriate. If the punishment is not appropriate, the people will not know what to do. Therefore, a gentleman must be named, must be able to make it clear, and must be able to do it. A gentleman never treats his words and deeds casually. "

(2) Righteousness is the only way, words are appropriate, things can be done, music can flourish, punishment can be executed properly, and people can manage well.

3. Help translate the origin of ancient Chinese.

Lutz said: "Wei Jun regards his son as a politician and his son should learn from him." Confucius said, "It must make sense." Lutz said, "Yes, I am, and I am pedantic! Qi Zheng Qi? " Confucius said, "Wild is wild! A gentleman doesn't know what he knows, but he also hides it. If the name is irregular, the words are not smooth, and the words are not smooth. Words are not smooth, happiness is not prosperous, and punishment is not correct. Therefore, the name of a gentleman must be spoken, and words must be feasible. The words of a gentleman are nothing but nothing. " (The Analects of Confucius Lutz, Chapter 13, Chapter 3)

To annotate ...

Here, Confucius embodies the political and ethical thought of correcting the name. It's called Zhengding, and its name is birthright, which is actually the level of rites and music.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ceremony collapsed and the society changed rapidly, showing the contradiction of "the name does not match the reality", that is, the name does not match the reality. At that time, the father and son competed for the position of Wei. The father was not like the father, and the son was not like the son. Confucius thought the original name was incorrect. Therefore, to protect our country and defend our country, we must start from the name. Correct the names, that is, "Jun Jun, Minister, Father and Son", in order to maintain the hierarchical ethics system and restore the rule of propriety.

① Wei Jun: Wei Zhuan, the grandson of Wei Zhuan, and his father Zhuan were expelled from Wei Linggong. After Wei Linggong's death, Happiness succeeded to the throne. Kuaimo refused to go back to China to fight for the throne, so there was a phenomenon of father and son fighting for the throne. 2 Hey: He; Hu. (3) Correcting the name: There are different opinions in ancient times, including "the name of a Pepsi" and "the words of a book"; This refers to the names of father and son. 4 pedantic: rigid and stubborn, unrealistic. ⑤ Ye Zaiye: Accuse Lutz of being rude. ⑥ Lack: Same as "lack", which means doubt. ⑦: If you are embarrassed; Hasty.

It's meaningless if the name is wrong. If there is no meaning, things can't be done. If things can't be done, the level of etiquette can't be maintained. If the level of etiquette cannot be maintained, the punishment will be unfair. If the punishment is unfair, the people will have no place to play tricks (that is, they don't know what to do).

4. Read the following classical Chinese and answer Lutz's question: "When Wei Jun and his sons are in power, they must be in chaos first. See underlined sentences in the reference translation.

Small problem: the key to success in doing things is well-founded

Small problem: look at the translation.

Small problem: nothing.

Lutz said, "Wang Wei is waiting for you to manage the state affairs. What are you going to do first? " Confucius said, "That must be to correct the improper use of nouns!" "Lutz said," are you so pedantic? Why should we correct it? Confucius said, "Lutz, you are so rude!" A gentleman is skeptical about what he doesn't understand. If the birthright is not correct, the speech will not be smooth; If things don't go well, things won't work; If things can't be done, rites and music (system) can't be established; If the rites and music (system) cannot be established, the punishment will be inappropriate; If the punishment is improper, people will (uneasy) not know where to put their hands and feet. Therefore, when naming a gentleman, there must be a reason to say it, and what you say will definitely work. A gentleman is never careless about what he says. "

5. The meaning of things in classical Chinese ◎ Stone (sound and shape. Save the sound from history. History, responsible for paperwork. Oracle Bone Inscriptions has the word "official". )

First, the original meaning: official position.

Things, work. -"Shuo Wen"

To suffer for nothing is to show honor without honor. -"Everything is ready, five mistakes"

Second, it extends to the position; Political affairs; Deal.

Things, diligence. -"Erya"

Work for political affairs. -"Zuo Zhuan Zhao Zhuan Gong Twenty-five Years". Note: "The monarch is the government and the minister is the thing."

It is also good for fleas. -"Rites and Music"

Work hard when you encounter difficulties. -"Xunzi Wang Ba". Note: "Ren Ye."

Lushan mountain. -"The Warring States Policy and the Qin Policy". Note: "Wu Ye."

About the duke. -"Poetry, Calling for the South, Picking Dragonflies"

How hard it is to be king. -"Poetry Xiaoya Driving"

Queen Zhao used something new, and Qin attacked it urgently. -"Warring States Policy Zhao Ce"

I will sue the people present. What if I take it and I am endowed? -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Snake Catcher

Third, occupation.

People in Fan Kuai, such as Wuyang, are also extremely rich. Take killing dogs as one thing. -"Historical Records"

Fourth, things.

When the son enters the ancestral temple, he asks everything. -"The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu"

Be sensitive and cautious. -"Learning the Analects of Confucius"

No matter how big or small, please consult. -Zhuge Liang's "Model"

Is it difficult to do things in the world? -Peng Qing end book "Show sons and nephews for learning"

I heard that his teacher told his disciples about past lives. -Qing Zhou Rong's Biography of the Taro Old Man

Fifth, career.

If things go wrong, this is heaven. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"

I will continue to do things in the future, but only in this life. -Fang Qing newspaper "Zuo anecdote"

Sixth, accidents and incidents.

Extending to the king of Zhuang Xiang, the country enjoys a shallow life and the country has nothing to do. -Han Jiayi "On Qin"

And the scholar-officials also don't talk about soldiers, thinking that too long will cause trouble and disturb the people. -Su Song Shi, "Teaching to Fight and Defend"

Seventh, allusions; Story.

Before going to bed, you had a great time talking about the official history of unofficial history. -Qing Yuanmei's "Sacrificing Sister"

Eighth, situation, situation.

When it comes to fighting, you shrink your neck and tremble. -Su Song Shi, "Teaching to Fight and Defend"

(The following are verbs)

Ninth, serve; Sacrifice.

Do you dare to teach yourself specially after serving the public? -"Yutai Xinyi, ancient poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's wife"

Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face! -Tang Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream"

Tenth, do and engage.

Although the reply is not sensitive, please speak English. -"The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan"

Lived for several months, indifferent, doing nothing. -Fang Qing Bao's Miscellaneous Notes in Prison

How do those lazy and idle people obey the constraints one by one? -Hong Qing Ji Liang's Pingping.

Eleventh, use; Servant.

Nothing is natural. -"Xunzi's Rectification". Note: "Suit yourself."

Get ready. -"Mandarin and Lu Xia"

It is illegal to sit in the country. -"Historical Records, Fujin Hui Cheng Biography"

Sean Smith! -"Xinlingjun steals a spell to save Zhao"

Twelfth, the pursuit.

Today, Guan Zhong doesn't respect the law, on the contrary, he favors and increases profits. -"Everything is ready"

Thirteenth, governance; Handle.

Qi and Wei defended Yizhou, and detailed the affairs of the officials. -"Warring States Policy"

Fourteenth, dating.

Therefore, the princes, the people in charge of the country, can't take Tang Xian's affairs as politics. -Mozi

(The following are quantifiers)

Fifteenth, a; Deputy sheriff.

Embroider my skirt, everything is four or five. -"Yutai Xinyi, ancient poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's wife"