This is a "ten-minute course"-let's review Chinese. Everyone can write, everyone has something to say, and everyone should be able to write good articles; In this era when the publication of words is easier than ever, words are more powerful.
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The first minute: vocabulary (vocabulary)
It is best to re-understand vocabulary from another angle. What are nouns for? Nouns are used to record what you can perceive-whether abstract or concrete. What do adjectives stand for? You use adjectives to record your perception of what you can perceive. Where are the verbs? Verbs are used to record the actions of things you can perceive. Finally, what about adverbs? When adverbs modify verbs, they are used to record your perception of what you can feel. When adverbs are used to modify adjectives, they are used to record your perception of what you can perceive. (The content of this minute seems awkward. As long as you punctuate these words accurately and understand them correctly, in just one minute, you will be completely transformed-your perception of words has been very different.
The second minute: grammar
You don't have to be a grammarian, but you should at least know the basic rules. This is just like investing in the stock market, you don't have to be Lynch or Buffett first, and you don't have to be Tsui Hark or Spielberg first to enjoy movies. But at least learn the most basic rules of the game. Chinese or English, a grammar book is enough. After understanding the basic rules, I began to write, using grammar books as maps, looking up whatever I need, and remembering everything if I look up too much-just like going to a place several times without looking up the map. Don't believe that nonsense and say "no need to learn grammar"-whether you are crazy or not is someone else's business. You would rather be a fool and believe in crazy words. That's your problem.
The third minute: logic
Logic should be a hard-won tool unique to human beings in all living things. Aristotle's syllogism is the most basic thing. However, when using logic in life, we have to face "uncertainty" and "complexity". Inevitable syllogism-such as the major premise: everyone will die; A little earlier: Socrates is a man; Conclusion: Socrates is bound to die-it is often meaningless. It is easier to deal with such a situation in life: major premise: politicians are usually unreliable; Minor premise: Obama should be a politician; The conclusion is uncertain and the analysis is complicated: How reliable is Obama? The pursuit of logical accuracy all challenges basically come from whether one dares to face "uncertainty" and "complexity".
Minute 4: Style
Common articles can be divided into at least two parts: literary articles and reasoning articles. These two kinds of articles are very different. Basically, literary articles may be more rhetorical, more wordy, more gorgeous and more unconstrained. But the fundamental purpose of reasoning articles is to make people understand, transmit information, accumulate knowledge and exchange experiences; Therefore, the words used in reasoning articles should be "concise, simple, effective, accurate and specific". Of course, this is not an iron law, and it is not impossible to explain the truth with gorgeous words; On the other hand, it is good to tell a touching story in plain language. But all those who want their thinking results to be effectively expressed, it is best to keep in mind the standard of ten words-just ten words, but it is enough.
Minute 5: Rhetoric
The power of rhetoric is self-evident. Of all the rhetoric, perhaps only analogy is indispensable. The essence of analogy is "in order to make it clear that everyone is unfamiliar with X, first find a familiar 1) and 2) the most similar and closest to X (at least in one aspect), and finally make X self-evident". The primary school teacher said that "the structure of the earth is similar to an egg"; The middle school teacher said that "the structure inside the atom is exactly the same as the structure of the solar system"; For those who give one or two counterexamples to try to oppose a certain point of view, we say, "Any broken clock may be right twice a day" ... These are analogies, and this is the power of analogy: it is a bridge for us humans to leap from ignorance to knowledge. Other rhetorical devices, if you have time to learn, even if you don't have time-there is nothing wrong with being simple at all.
The sixth minute: knowledge.
Words, words, sentences, grammar, style, rhetoric and so on are all means of expression. People who cook skillfully without rice. The meaning of the word "seeking knowledge" is too idealistic. It is better to use another simple expression to "do your homework". To do everything well, you must do your homework in advance. Whether writing a novel or a tutorial, you need to do your homework; The more homework you do, the more you know and the more you can think. When these things reach a certain level, what you write must be thick and textured. In a word, the author didn't do enough homework. Knowledge changes fate only because a person's whole world will change after acquiring new knowledge. Believe me, your homework is endless.
Minute 7: Communication
Effective expression is only the most basic level, and effective communication is the real purpose. It is not easy to think from multiple perspectives, and it is even more difficult to think from the perspective of people who oppose their own views. But if you can't do this, you can't be a good listener and a good reader. It is an unchangeable truth that output depends on input; Cows can't milk unless they eat grass. Communication is not only for persuasion, but also for getting feedback. There is only one important skill in communication: don't think that you have the same opinion as yourself. In doing so, it is easy to see the preciousness in all kinds of feedback. For those who can't do this, not only advice is hard to hear, but even something pleasing to the eye-pity and sadness.
Eighth minute: practice
Experience needs to be accumulated, and accumulation can only be achieved through practice. The so-called "writing like a god" is wishful thinking that people who can't write articles may believe. Good articles never happen overnight, and good articles always need to be changed. The so-called "inspiration" is also more flashing in practice, and it is unlikely to come out of thin air. The writer writes like a driver. Drivers have to accumulate a certain mileage before they may encounter all possible safety problems, so one day they will have enough experience to avoid all dangers. So is the author. It is impossible to know all the attributes of the text before it is written to a certain extent-it is impossible to know all the attributes of the text through a writing tutorial. Not only should you write more, but you should also do more homework in order to write well. This is the beginning of a virtuous circle.
Ninth minute: skills
Skills are not easy to learn until you know where they can be used. The ten aspects mentioned in this "ten-minute tutorial" all require skills. With some practice, no matter who you are, you will naturally master some skills. But there is one skill that needs to be polished first-the skill of acquiring knowledge: from observation to listening, from reading to ruminating, from reading to taking notes, from using the library to using the search engine, all means of acquiring knowledge need skills, and these basic skills need to be polished constantly. The second is the skill of logical thinking and the third is the skill of communication. These three skills should take precedence over other skills, because it takes time to polish any skill. In the case of limited time, we can only do it according to the weight.
Minute 10: Correction
No one is perfect from the beginning. Just as a good article needs to be revised repeatedly to become a good article, an author also needs to revise himself repeatedly to become a good author. Almost everything needs to be revised, and it needs to be revised repeatedly-as long as time permits. One minute I said that every skill needs polishing, and this minute I want to say that even skills need to be revised repeatedly. Even, sometimes it takes not only courage but also patience and wisdom to completely overthrow everything and start all over again. The reason why it is difficult to keep an open mind is because it contains pain-the pain of swallowing blood with broken teeth (Zeng Guofan's language).
The year before last, I took over the Chinese teaching in a class of Grade Four. I found that some students in this class were not interested in writing, and regarded writing as a daunting thing. When writing, they often thought hard and put pen to paper, and the written compositions were empty and boring, and some even could not make sentences. The reason is mainly due to careless accumulation. In order to solve the problem of students' writing difficulties, I made the following explorations.
First, guide students to read extracurricular books extensively and accumulate knowledge in them. When guiding students to read, I combine expository writing with intensive reading scientifically. Explanatory writing is to let students read some wonderful and meaningful stories, anecdotes, deeds of advanced figures, anecdotes of ancient and modern times, famous sayings and aphorisms, etc. And ask them to write abstracts or newspaper clippings, and accumulate the materials that need to be preserved in different categories for reference at any time when writing. Intensive reading requires students to read some excellent articles or masterpieces carefully and concentrate on thinking. Understand how others arrange materials and plan articles reasonably around the center. Focus on reading and even reciting good chapters and sentences, especially the detailed description and psychological description. I also ask students to work hard and write more reading notes when reading. In this way, students read more books, gain more knowledge, broaden their horizons, enrich their language, and learn some writing skills from others when writing.
Second, guide students to observe life carefully and cultivate students' keen observation. We know that only by accumulating rich writing materials can we provide an inexhaustible source for the content of the article, otherwise, "a clever woman can't cook without rice." For students to write a good composition, it is not enough to rely solely on the accumulation of book knowledge. More importantly, the accumulation of life. The new syllabus puts forward such a writing requirement for middle school students: "Pay attention to the things around you and form the habit of being diligent in observation and thinking and being willing to write." Therefore, in composition teaching, I attach great importance to guiding students to observe life, such as being a ladder on campus, a hard-working teacher and many studious, eager, intelligent and lively students; Outside the campus, tireless and enthusiastic uncles and aunts from all walks of life, as well as various complicated events, as well as mountains and rivers, flowers and trees, birds and animals, can be absorbed into our minds from a certain angle and in a certain way, and become the material for weaving articles. Before each composition, according to the needs of this composition, I either let students observe in life first, or guide them to experience in practice, or open the floodgate of their memory to recall and pursue the past. When writing a composition, guide them to speak first, and then guide them to write. This solves the problem of students' writing.
Third, carry out various activities to enrich students' life and cultivate their interest in writing. Suhomlinski said: "Learning interest is an important driving force for students' learning activities. "In order to cultivate students' interest in learning and solve the problem of students' difficulty in writing, combined with composition teaching, I not only organize students to carry out colorful class and team activities, but also guide students to do small production, small experiments or other practical activities through science and technology classes and labor classes combined with other disciplines. Before each activity, ask students to pay attention to observation. During the activity, I also give students proper observation and guidance. After the activity, let the students write down what impressed them the most and what they thought was the most exciting and interesting. This not only cultivates students' observation ability, but also stimulates their interest in writing.
Through the above efforts, the problem that students in our class have nothing to say has been solved, and students are generally willing to write. The article written is not only content, but also true, touching, vivid and interesting.
I hope you can succeed. . . . . Thank you. . . .