First, the ten taboos at the beginning of the composition: ① Avoid cliches. 2 avoid mystifying. Some articles deliberately play games at the beginning, beating around the bush, deliberately confusing people, entering the "maze" and unwilling to write the meaning directly. In fact, this mysterious practice is precisely the disadvantage of writing. 3 Avoid sudden start. Some articles lack proper explanations at the beginning, which makes them appear sudden, mindless and unintelligible. 4 Avoid unnecessary explanations. At the beginning of the article, don't be sudden, don't explain, and don't make unnecessary explanations. 5 avoid lyricism out of thin air. 6 avoid going around in big circles. 7 avoid piling up famous sayings. 8 avoid repetition at the beginning. Some articles introduce the background at the beginning, and then feel that the center of the article should be revealed first after writing, so they start again. Pet-name ruby don't blindly write scenery. The main purpose of setting writing is either to highlight the theme, to portray the characters or to set off the atmosphere. Generally speaking, such landscape writing is meaningless if it has nothing to do with it. Attending to avoid blind quotation. Citation should be based on the needs of the theme and the center, and try to avoid blind quotation. Second, a good beginning should follow the following principles: 1. Close to the theme: Liang Qichao: "The article should make people understand its purpose at a glance, so that it is easy to be moved." At the beginning, we must closely follow the main content and central idea of the full text in order to highlight the center. For example, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: the general trend of the world, long points, long points. 2, short and pithy: the beginning should not be too long, like firecrackers, short and powerful, refreshing and shocking. For example, Mao Dun's Hainan Miscellanies begins: "We have reached the famous' Tianya Haijiao'." 12 clearly explains the places you visited, which opens the way for the recollection of history caused by what you saw and heard below. Another example is: "Early morning, heavy fog." Chen Guokai's "Fog" only begins with a four-word sketch, which explains the time and environment of the story and implies the ending of the story, which is profound and meaningful. 3. Be fascinating: At the beginning, don't make people feel boring when reading, and strive to catch the reader's eye with beautiful language and novel ideas. For example, "Youth is the blood drop of will and the dew made by the sweat of struggling Mika." Youth III. Writing skills at the beginning of the composition: (1) Get to the point. That is, the article does not beat around the bush at the beginning, but directly puts out the people, things or things to be described and introduces them into the text. Directly express the author's feelings, directly express the author's point of view, point out the center, and guide the full text. 1, problem solving method. I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and what I can't forget most is his back. Zhu Ziqing's back; From the very beginning, "Talking about the Spirit of Bones" made it clear that "we China people have the spirit of Bones." This kind of opening directly cuts into the theme and reveals the theme. 2, the beginning of the love law, such as: Poplar is really extraordinary, I praise Poplar! Mao Dun's Praise of Poplar begins with emotion, which makes readers can't help but blend in. I went to school very late that morning, and I was afraid that Mr. Hamel would scold me. Besides, he said he would ask us about word segmentation, and I couldn't even say a word. I don't want to go to school. Let's play in the wild. We should pay attention to this opening method in Dude's "The Last Lesson": Before writing, we should think carefully and extract the opening that can lead to the main content of the full text, and the language should be very concise and attractive to arouse readers' desire to read. (2) Use skills, that is, use suspense, contrast, contrast, and contrast at the beginning of the article, and set a clever beginning to impress people. 1, questioning method first flashbacks the result of things, setting suspense, or asking questions first to break the topic and cause explanations or arguments. For example, Colorful Flowers begins with a question: "Why do flowers have all kinds of beautiful and bright colors?" Another example: Zong Pu's "Wisteria Fall" "I can't help but stop." Methods: ① First, put forward a prominent question. (2) intercept a wonderful event first. (3) first explain an object that plays a clue role. (4) First, arrange a scene that triggers the story. ⑤ Introduce the characters closely related to the story first. 2. Positive and negative contrast methods, such as: for a person who is used to living in Beiping, such as me, it is a miracle that there is no strong wind in winter; ..... and warm weather, Jinan is really a treasure. This paper compares the pros and cons of Lao She's Winter in Jinan, which is convenient for readers to grasp, and can skillfully use the method of promoting first and restraining second to make the article magnificent. In Philadelphia in July, the weather is sultry. Although it has been 57 years, I can still feel the sultry weather. Morton hunt's "Go One Step, Go Another Step" (3) uses rhetoric, and uses rhetorical devices such as quotation, metaphor and parallelism at the beginning of the article, which can also give people a refreshing feeling. 1, the quotation goes like this: "Please bring my song back to your home, please leave your smile …" Whenever this familiar melody rings in my ear, it's like meeting an old friend I haven't seen for years, and I feel particularly cordial. (selected from the composition of "Singing Smile" in Gansu) You can also quote poems to arouse readers' singing; Or quote proverbs to explain things. Such a concise beginning can enhance the momentum of the beginning, but we should pay attention to being as accurate as possible to avoid intellectual mistakes. 2, parallelism is repetitive, such as: "A friend is someone for whom I can pay sincere feelings; A friend is someone I can trust completely. Friends, share with me when you are happy, and walk with me when you are in danger. Life without friends is like life without sunshine. I have such good friends. " Friends 3, incisive metaphor, such as: love is a ray of sunshine in winter, which dispels the cold frost; Love is a shower after a long drought, nourishing a broken heart; Love is a bright light in Wang Yang, which indicates the hope of a new life. (selected from the perfect composition "Bring Love to Others" in Jingzhou, Hubei Province) Wonderful metaphors can make the beginning of the article novel, and enhance the attraction and expression effect of the article. (4) Description and rendering. At the beginning of the article, people, events and scenes are described first, and the atmosphere is rendered, giving readers an immersive feeling and paving the way for setting off the characters and touching the scene. 1, scenery description method, such as: purple clouds filled the whole sky, including a bloody sunset, such a warm picture shows the warmth and calmness of "the most beautiful sunset", which is intoxicating and fascinating. (Selected from the composition "Bringing the Beauty of Dawn to me who was once lost" in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. 2. Portrait: When I woke up, the ship trembled again and rang. The window of the hut is as bright as the sun. Grandma sat beside me combing her hair, frowning and always muttering to herself. Her hair is amazing, covering her shoulders, chest and knees tightly ... Gorky's "childhood friends" directly points out the protagonist at the beginning and is concise. When writing, you can focus on the pen and ink of the protagonist and have a clear sense of priority. 3. The description of the scene is as follows: There are boats sailing abroad scattered on the river pier of Wansheng Mihang. It is loaded with new rice, which makes the hull very low ... Ye Shengtao's "Overcharged 35 Doors" often begins with a description of the natural environment and social environment, which can set off the atmosphere for the following storyline and promote the storyline. Pay attention to specific time, occasion and atmosphere when describing and rendering, pay attention to the combination of point and surface in scene description and grasp the characteristics in character description. How to write a good ending of a composition The ancients said, "A good ending is like chewing dried fruit and tasting fragrant teas, which makes people memorable." Like the beginning, the ending is also very important. Writing skills at the end of the composition: 1, echoing from beginning to end. This ending has many forms, some of which echo the same sentence; There is another question at the beginning, and the end responds to the question at the beginning. Including the ending echoes the title, and the ending echoes the beginning. This way of ending can produce a sense of harmony between the head and the tail, which can arouse the psychological beauty of readers. It is a common method of closing beams in various articles. Example 1: (1) has a kind of brilliance that hangs over the spiritual home of the Chinese nation; There is a flame that dances on the Olympic Mountain of the national soul; There is a kind of flame that warms the distant feelings of civilization, and that is friendliness! (End) We can't lose confidence in fighting ugliness because of repeated injuries, because we need to protect our spiritual fire-friendliness! Generally speaking, the author first puts forward the center of the article at the beginning, and then emphasizes it again at the end, taking care of the beginning, thus making the center of the article stand out clearly. 2. Make a phone call. Exodus 2: Let's all take action to bring love to others, to the children who are out of school, to the lonely old people … to everyone around us. When you give your love to others, you also get great happiness. I believe that as long as everyone gives a love, the world will become a beautiful world. (selected from the perfect composition "Bring Love to Others" in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. Smart question. At the end, questions are raised in the form of questions, which are enlightening and infectious and arouse readers' thinking. Example 3: Natural color, natural fragrance, natural taste and natural beauty all come from nature. Nature is great. It's amazing. It is so close to life, so tight. Tasting nature is not the same as tasting life. 4. Quote good sentences. Example 4: Tomorrow's song says, "Tomorrow follows tomorrow, and tomorrow is more than that. I waited for tomorrow, and everything was in vain ... "I hope everyone can seize today and create a better tomorrow. (Selected from the composition "Creating a Better Tomorrow" for the senior high school entrance examination in Neijiang, Sichuan) There are many famous sayings at all times and in all countries. At the end of the composition, if you can quote skillfully, it will definitely add a lot of color to the article. Quoting famous poems and sentences not only adds literary talent but also deepens the artistic conception of the article. 5. Lyric discussion. Ending an article with lyrical comments can express the author's feelings, arouse the emotional waves of readers, and arouse the hearts of readers, which has a strong artistic appeal. Ex. 5: At the end of praising poplar, he shouted ... I want to praise poplar loudly! "Direct lyric, expressing admiration and reverence for poplars. 6. At the end of the scene, enrich your imagination and show readers a beautiful picture by descriptive means. Such an ending is generally required to be basically consistent with the style of the article, written naturally and vividly, and avoid affectation. Exodus 6: At this time, a ray of sunshine entered the ward from the outside, and I felt like a wounded little tree bathing in it. Oh, on the road of growth, although things are unpredictable, the sunshine is good after all! I think. Growing up in the sun organically combines emotion and scenery. Implicit and meaningful. The aftertaste is endless. Simulation test 1. In the big house of life, there are countless emotional doors. If we open them, we will get happiness, sadness, courage and depression. Thinking: What is the topic of this article from this beginning? What method does it use? What is involved in the following? 2. Take "believe in yourself and listen to others' opinions" as the topic, and start with "cut to the chase". 3. Write a beginning with the topic of "encountering setbacks" and using the method of "arranging into the topic". 4. When dusk came, Cui Cui sat under the white tower behind her house and watched the thin clouds in the sky being baked into peach blossoms by the sunset ... The air smelled of soil, plants and beetles. Cui Cui looked at the red clouds in the sky ... and felt a little sad. Thinking: How to start this? What are the advantages of this method? 5. Take "survival and life" as the topic, and write a beginning with "positive and negative contrast". 6. Write an ending with "questioning" on the topic of "Me in the Haha Mirror". 7. Please start with the title "beginning", end with "header" and end with "reference". 8. Design a beginning and an end with the theme of "Virtue". This article is transferred from China Chinese Teaching Resource Network:/ziyuan1/uploadfile/0707/200781983459.asp.