Confucius traveled around the country, and successively visited Wei, Chen, Cai, Chu, Song and other countries to promote his political ambitions, but he failed to get the point. Confucius could not stretch his ambitions and was disheartened, so he returned to the state of Lu. It was in the eleventh year of his service as Duke Ai of Lu that Confucius was sixty-eight years old. Since then, he devoted himself to lecturing and writing books. During this period, he and his disciples re-edited the Five Classics and wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals in order to record the major events that occurred in the Spring and Autumn Period and to elucidate Confucian values. His main contribution throughout his life was that he laid the foundation for education, advocated enlightened educational methods such as "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "teaching without distinction", as well as his pioneering insights into the field of thought, which indirectly promoted the "hundreds of scholars" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The formation of the cultural peak phenomenon of "home".

Under the education of his mother, Mencius studied hard. After completing his studies, he appointed himself as the successor of Confucius, recruited disciples, and traveled to various countries, preaching the ideas of "benevolent government" and "kingdom", and advocating "the people are the most important". , Sheji is the second best, and the king is the least important.” He visited Qi, Song, Lu, Teng, Liang and other countries, and met kings such as King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi. Although he was respected and treated with courtesy, he was considered conservative and not in line with the trends of the time, and was not reused. Only Teng Wengong tried to promote his political ideas.

In his later years, Mencius returned to his hometown to give lectures, and he and his disciples Wan Zhang, Gongsun Chou and others were engaged in writing books and wrote seven chapters of "Mencius". Its chapters are: King Hui of Liang, Gongsun Chou, Teng Wengong, Li Lou, Wan Zhang, Gao Zi and Jin Xin. Since each chapter has a large weight, it is divided into upper and lower chapters, so the whole book has fourteen volumes. Almost all of Mencius' remarks and deeds are preserved in these seven chapters.

Quotes 1. Treat your home as your home, your hometown as your hometown, your country as your country, and the world as your world. ——"Guanzi?6?1 Herdsman"

2. Never forgetting the country in the face of adversity is loyalty. ——"Zuo Zhuan?6?1 Zhaoyuan Year"

3. I take a long breath to cover my tears, lamenting the hardships of people's lives. ——Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"

4. To benefit the country, not to seek wealth and honor. ——"Book of Rites?6?1 Confucianism"

5. Sacrificing one's life to go to the country's disaster, seeing death as a sudden return home. ——Cao Zhi's "White Horse Chapter"

Idioms "Zheng people buy shoes"——"Han Feizi" "Indiscriminate Yu to make up for the number"——"Han Feizi"

"Buy a coffin and return a pearl"——" Han Feizi >> "Waiting for the Rabbit" - "Han Feizi"

"Unfounded Worry" - "Lieh Zi" "The Sheep Lost on the Wrong Road" - "Lieh Zi"

"Two Children Debating the Sun" - "Lieh Zi" "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain" - "Lieh Zi"