Mars is one of the brightest stars in the sky. Its flame-like red color clearly occupies the most prominent position in the night sky, which has long attracted people's eyes looking up at the starry sky. Because its brightness often changes, air movement is uncertain in the sky, and the situation is complicated and unpredictable. In ancient China, it was called "flicker". After the rise of the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the five planets matched the five elements, because the red body was also called Mars.
In China's ancient astrology, Mars was a bad star, and "flicker" was an ominous sign. The red color of Mars was a symbol of death, war and blood. The phenomenon of "mars staying at antares" and "fighting against the south" is extremely dangerous, which indicates the disaster of emperors and chaos in the world. Mars thus became perhaps the most important star in the history of China, which made Qin Tianjian sleepless all night and made the emperor frown. "All over the world, leading the land", all fell down in fear under the red figure.
Based on this, Mars has intentionally or unintentionally changed the fate track of China's history.
In the summer of 534 A.D., Yingying entered Nandou. As the saying goes, "Yingying entered Nandou, and the son of heaven went down to the temple." Liang Wudi, who was over 7 years old, had to run barefoot under the Golden Temple. Unexpectedly, this vision should be in the Northern Wei Dynasty-Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was forced to go west to Guanzhong by Gao Huan, and was killed by Yu Wentai's poisoned wine and medicine. From then on, the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, and was quickly replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Liang Wudi had to say unconvinced: "Lu should also be evil!" However, the situation at that time was that Emperor Xiao led hundreds of thousands of troops, and with Hu Sichun as the forerunner, Gao Huan traveled more than 8 miles every day to confront Wei Di across the river. Hu Sichun invited him to attack Gao Huan by crossing the river at night with two thousand horses, but Yang Kuan, assistant minister of Huangmen, suggested, "If Chunchun crosses the river, if he makes meritorious deeds, he will destroy Gao Huan and give birth to Gao Huan." Hu Sikun couldn't enter the army, so he had to sigh: "I have been confused into the southern bucket for a while, and now I believe in the left and right structures. I don't need my plan, how can it be heaven!" Emperor Wei did not dare to cross the river to attack the tired soldiers, so he divided his forces to defend his position. In the end, he had to resign himself to fate and wait for death, but it was just the fulfillment of the astronomical phenomena.
In Gan Bao's "Searching for the Gods", an interesting story is recorded, which expresses people's understanding of Mars: "Wu created a country with grass, but his faith was not strong, and he defended his generals in the border villages, all of which were pledged to his wife, which was called quality guarantee. There are dozens of boys and teenagers who entertain tourists with their peers every day. In March of the third year in Yongan, Sun Xiu, there was a strange boy, who was more than four feet long and could be six or seven years old. He was dressed in Tsing Yi and suddenly came to play with the children. All the children were ignorant and asked,' Who is your child? Suddenly come today?' Answer:' I saw your group playing music, so I came to the ear.' Look at it in detail, the eyes have light and shoot out. The children were afraid of it and asked * * * again. My son replied,' Are you afraid of me? I am not a human being, but a shining star. There will be an announcement: the three public funds will go to Sima. " The children are frightened. Or tell your honor. Adults rushed to watch it. The son said,' Will Scheer go?' Shrugging and jumping, that is, to melt. Look up at it, and if you drag it for a while, you will ascend to heaven. When an adult comes, it's still too late to see. It's getting higher and higher, but it's not. When Wu Zhengjun was in a hurry, he dared not announce it. Four years later, Shu died, six years later, Wei was abolished, and 21 years later, Wu Ping belonged to Sima. "So, the star of fluorescence, is it really like destiny? In the west, the myth about Mars is equally long. Around 3 BC, Sumerians in the two river basins invented writing and named the constellations in the sky. They associated Mars with blood, war and other dangerous things and named it after Naigher, their god of war, destruction and death. After that, the Greeks and Romans followed the Sumerians' naming of planets and called Mars by their names Ares and Mars. Up to now, Mars is still the international common name for Mars.
Planets, especially Mars, began to play a more important role in the western history from the Greeks. Unlike their neighbors in the East who were only content to get a little warning from heaven, the Greeks explored the secrets of the universe confidently and bravely. Pythagoras believes that everything is number, the universe is the harmony of number, and the movement of celestial bodies should reflect this harmony and perfection. Plato and Aristotle believe that the real motion of the planet is a perfect motion. The circle is the most perfect geometric figure, so the perfect motion of the planet is uniform circular motion. According to the requirements of this perfect motion, Greek astronomers have built a set of current and even wheel systems, and they have successfully explained the seemingly chaotic motion of planets in the sky with uniform circular motion and their combination.
But the red planet really seems to be endowed with the fiery temper and wild and uninhibited character of the God of War, and its trajectory often deviates from the prediction of the perfect motion model. Although Ptolemy gave up the Greek principle of perfection a little and built its geocentric system, Copernicus had to boldly move the center of the universe from the earth to the sun to build a heliocentric system in order to restore the Greek principle of perfection, but it seems to be difficult to accurately explain the movement of this red planet. It was not until Tycho and Kepler observed Mars for 2 years that they discovered that Mars orbits the sun in an elliptical orbit, and finally proved the three laws of planetary motion. It was on the basis of Kepler that Newton got a simpler and more consistent law of celestial motion and even the interaction of matter-the law of universal gravitation. In this process, Mars seems to be a "flaw" deliberately left by the creator for human beings. The irregularity of its operation certainly confuses most people's eyes and thoughts, but it also lures the brains of several geniuses to explore deeply and finally reveals the law of the creator's "creation" of the world.
in p>168, the Dutchman Friedrich invented the telescope. Galileo immediately used it to observe celestial bodies and found that Jupiter has four satellites, Venus has phase changes, and there are peaks on the moon. With the increasing aperture of telescopes, people observe and study more planets, and the mysterious Mars is no exception. In 1877, the Mars Rush made American Hall discover two moons of Mars, faubus and Deimos. Also in this year, Italian Schia Barrerie drew a plan of Mars. He found that there are some dark lines on the surface of Mars that pass through bright areas (regarded as land) to connect some dark areas (regarded as oceans), much like the strait connecting the oceans, so he called these dark lines Canali. The word is translated into English as Canals, which implies that there may be intelligent creatures on Mars who can build large-scale water conservancy projects. People are boiling, and a fantasy topic about life on Mars has been opened for a long time. American Lowell took thousands of photos of Mars, drew more than 5 canals, and published Mars and its canals (196) and Mars as a Living Place (198). The names of these two books well expressed his belief that there are intelligent creatures on Mars.
in p>1898, H. G. Wells falsified his belief in intelligent life on Mars into the science fiction Star Wars, describing the invasion of the earth by Martians, so "Martians" became a household name. It can be said that it was Wells who first successfully created and enriched the concept of alien life. In 1938, orson welles, the director of Citizen Kane, adapted and recorded the novel into a program, which made the whole city stir like a real broadcast, and millions of people fled their homes trembling and crying with fear. Edgar rice burroughs's Princess of Mars is like a gorgeous space opera, which describes an imaginary world of Mars and makes the adventures of Captain Carter of the Earth and Princess Deya Solis of Mars vivid and exciting. Russian scientist Chiokovsky not only studied rocket technology, but also wrote the science fiction novel Beyond the Earth (1929), describing the story of human beings exploring Mars by rocket spacecraft and then returning to Earth. His famous saying is: "The earth is the cradle of human beings, but people can't live in the cradle forever." Since then, Mars and Martians have become the important cities of science fiction writers.
However, although the imagination of Martians is exciting, people's understanding of Mars is not consistent. Many scientists believe that the canal is just an illusion when the eyesight reaches its limit, and Mars can't keep liquid water. The so-called canal is just a huge crack caused by the dry surface of Mars. Since the 196s, human beings have been sending probes to Mars, and finally found that the canal does not exist, and Mars is a arid and barren land.
However, human exploration and imagination of Mars have not stopped. Mars is the closest planet to the earth. About 4 billion years ago, the climate of Mars was similar to that of the earth, and there were rivers, lakes and even oceans. Now there is still water on Mars. It is of great significance for human beings to study the climate change of Mars and find the traces of oasis and life on Mars. In the long run, Mars is also the first choice for human planet migration. The plan to land on Mars has never stopped.
In the history of science fiction, there are still many novels about Mars. In 1934, Weinbaum created a novel and gentle Martian creature in A Roaming on Mars. In 195, Ray bradbury published The Chronicle of Mars. This novel describes the consequences of human colonization of Mars and the nuclear war on the earth, rendering a picture of interstellar civilization that flourished and declined, full of the desolation of the universe, which is hard to read. In 1992, Jack Williamson completed the "Beachhead Castle" describing the landing of Mars. In the same year, Kim Stanley Robinson began to write the Trilogy of Mars, recording the chronicles of human colonization and globalization on Mars: Red Mars (1992), Green Mars (1993) and Blue Mars (1996). In 1999, he also published an additional short story "Martians". Greg Bear's Moving Mars, which was completed in 1993, won the nebula award next year. In the 199s, Ben Bova published several science fiction novels describing human exploration of the planets in the solar system, including Mars (1992), Back to Mars (1999), Venus and Jupiter. At the end of 2, Jeffrey Landis published his first novel Crossing Mars. In China, in 1954, Zheng Wenguang, the father of science fiction literature, wrote the famous novel From Earth to Mars. In 1957, he wrote The Builder of Mars again.
As for the film and television drama about Mars, The Queen of Mars was filmed as early as 1924. In 1953, Wells' novel was adapted into the film Martians Invasion of the Earth. In 1955, The Devil of Mars. Uncle Martin in the 196s is an unrepeatable classic. Besides, everyone can name some familiar names: World War II, Martians Around the Earth, mission to mars, Red Planet, Wandering Mars, He's from Mars, Ghost of Mars, Chronicle of Mars ... Even Tom and Jerry wants to set out for Mars and play The Adventures of Mouse and Mars ...
Mars, a beautiful planet, carries the imagination of human initial civilization, connects our present and places hope on the future. No matter which nation's myths, legends and stories have never turned a blind eye to it, its importance may be unimaginable and irreplaceable. For every fantasy fan, there is a Mars in his soul. Just as Armstrong said, a small step on the moon is a giant step for mankind. The Mars Prize represents China's vision and hope, and its spark can ignite the blazing fire of China's fantasy.