Confucius was not ashamed to ask questions:

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius was respected as a "sage" by people. He had two thousand disciples, and everyone asked him for advice. His "The Analects of Confucius" has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.

Confucius was knowledgeable, but he still humbly asked for advice from others. Once, he went to the Ancestral Temple to worship his ancestors. As soon as he entered the Ancestral Temple, he felt novel and asked other people this and that. Someone laughed and said: "Confucius is outstanding in knowledge, why do you still ask?" After hearing this, Confucius said: "You have to ask about everything, what's wrong with that?" His disciples asked him: "After Kong Yu died, why did he call him Kong Wenzi? Confucius said: "Only those who are smart and eager to learn are worthy of being called 'Wen'." The disciples thought: "Teachers often ask others for advice, and they don't feel ashamed."

You are open-minded and willing to learn from others. People, including learning from people with lower status than themselves, are called "not ashamed to ask".

In scientific works, it is best to read the latest books; in literary works, it is best to read the oldest books. Classical literature never ages.

[Study·Become a Talent|Reading]

There are three ways to read: heart, eyes, and mouth.

[Study·Become a Talent|Reading]

If you only read without thinking, you will become a slave of books; if you only think without reading, you will also neglect knowledge and gain no knowledge. Really know each other. Therefore, the way of learning requires not only being good at reading, but also being good at thinking, distinguishing right from wrong, and knowing what to do. [Study·Become Talent|Reading]

Some books can be tasted, some books can be swallowed, and a few books should be chewed and digested; that is to say, some books only need to be read A part is enough. Some books can be read in full, but there is no need to read them too carefully. There are also a few books that should be read in full, diligently, and attentively.

[Study·Become Talent|Reading]

You should read the books you want to read. If reading is regarded as a task, there will be little benefit.

The more I read, the closer books bring me to the world, and the brighter and more meaningful life becomes to me.

——(Soviet Union) Gorky

Ignorance makes people fall behind, but knowledge makes people move forward. ——(Soviet Union) Krupskaya

If you read a lot of books without thinking, you will feel that you know a lot. However, when you read and think a lot, you will clearly see how little you know. ——Voltaire

Creative books spread in dark times, like the sun shining on the desolate desert, in order to turn darkness into light. These books are epoch-making works in the history of human spirituality. People rely on their principles to move towards various new discoveries. ——(France) Helvetius

When studying, you must be diligent with your brain, hands, and pen. When you encounter something you have gained, write it down. Write more, write more, and remember more, otherwise, If you don’t write down your insights, you will forget them over time. Write more, remember more, and read more, and you will accumulate a lot of knowledge, which can be used both ways. ——Chen Yuan, "Time waits for no one, study hard"

The books I read there in middle school are basic knowledge that I will never forget until my death. ——Yu Dafu

Wang Yanan sleeps on a three-legged bed

Wang Yanan was ambitious and loved reading when he was a child.

When he was in middle school, in order to gain more time to study, he cut one leg of the wooden bed he slept on half a foot shorter to make it a three-legged bed. He read late at night every day. When he was tired, he went to bed and took a nap. Then he turned over in a daze and the bed tilted towards the short leg. He was suddenly awakened, and immediately got out of bed and sat down at his desk to read at night. This happens every day, without interruption. As a result, he achieved excellent results every year and was known as one of the "Three Heroes" in his class.

Because he studied diligently when he was young, he finally became an outstanding economist in our country.

How did Chairman Mao study?

Special Hobbies

Chairman Mao has been very busy for decades, but he always finds time, even every second, to read and study. His former residence in Zhongnanhai is simply filled with books. There are books everywhere on the bookshelves in the bedroom, on the office desk, dining table, and coffee table. Except for the place where one person is lying on the bed, all of them are occupied by books.

In order to study, Chairman Mao used all available time. During the few minutes of physical activity before swimming, I sometimes read a few poems by famous people. After swimming up, I didn't bother to rest, so I picked up the book again. He never wastes even a few minutes on the toilet. A reprint of "Selected Works of Zhaoming" by Chunxi of the Song Dynasty and some other books and periodicals were made by using this time to read a little bit today and a little bit tomorrow, intermittently.

Chairman Mao often brought a box of books with him when he went out to hold meetings or inspect work. He ignored the vibrations and bumps of the train on the way. He always held a magnifying glass in one hand and pressed the page of the book with the other, reading without stopping. When I go abroad, just like in Beijing, there are books placed on the bed, on the office desk, on the coffee table, and on the dining table, and I read them whenever I have free time.

Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he still continued to read. He re-read a set of hardcover "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" that was brought to Beijing from Yan'an and published before liberation, as well as many other books and periodicals.

Once, Chairman Mao had a fever of over 39 degrees, and the doctor did not allow him to read.

He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, but now you don't let me read, and you tell me to lie here and eat and sleep all day long. You know how uncomfortable I am! The staff had no choice but to put the taken away books next to him, and he smiled happily.

Study seriously and read over and over again.

Chairman Mao has always opposed reading methods that are only for speed but not for effectiveness. When he was "Reading the Complete Poems of Han Changli", except for a few chapters, he carefully considered and studied every chapter, from vocabulary, sentence reading, chapters to the meaning of the full text, not letting go of any aspect. Through repeated reading and chanting, he can recite most of the poems in Hanji fluently. He had read "Journey to the West", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and other novels since he was in elementary school, and read them again in the 1960s. He has seen more than ten different versions of "Dream of Red Mansions". He read "Selected Works of Zhaoming" when he was in school, in the 1950s, in the 1960s, and several times in the 1970s. There are three existing versions of his annotations.

He has read some books on Marxism-Leninism and philosophy more times. He read "History of the United Communist Party" and Li Da's "Outline of Sociology" ten times each. He has repeatedly studied "The Communist Manifesto", "Das Kapital", "Selected Works of Lenin", etc. Many chapters and paragraphs are also annotated and outlined.

No writing, no reading

For decades, every time Chairman Mao read a book or article, he would mark important places with circles, lines, dots, etc. Symbols, write many comments in the header and blank space. Some even excerpted the best parts of the book or article or wrote down reading notes or experiences at any time. Many of the books collected by Chairman Mao are full of ink and ink, with comments, circles, and outlines all over the book. Straight lines, curves, double straight lines, triple straight lines, double circles, triple circles, triangles, crosses and other symbols abound.

Read everything

Chairman Mao had a wide range of reading interests. He read everything from philosophy, politics, economics, history, literature, military and other social sciences to some natural science books.

Among the books he has read, there are many books on history. Chairman Mao loved to read all kinds of Chinese and foreign history books, especially Chinese history books. He has extensively covered everything from "Twenty-Four Histories", "Zizhi Tongjian", chronicles of previous dynasties, to various unofficial histories, barnyard histories, and historical novels. He has always advocated "serving the past for the present" and attaches great importance to historical experience. In his writings and speeches, he often quoted historical allusions from Chinese and foreign history books to vividly illustrate profound truths. He also often relied on historical experience and lessons to guide and treat today's revolutionary cause.

Chairman Mao also read a lot of books on Chinese literature. He is a truly well-read man.

Lu Xun chewed chili peppers to ward off the cold.

Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When he was a boy, he studied at the Jiangnan Naval Academy. He had excellent grades in the first semester, and the school awarded him a gold medal. He immediately took it to the streets of Nanjing's Drum Tower and sold it, then bought a few books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it was cold at night and he couldn't bear to read at night, he would pick a chili pepper, put it in his mouth and chew it, which made him sweat on his forehead. He used this method to keep away the cold and insist on studying. As a result of studying hard, he finally became a famous litterateur in our country.

Children Gathering Shells

Rousseau, the French Enlightenment thinker of the 18th century, always opposed dead reading and excessive reading.

At that time, some people in society learned one knowledge and rushed to learn another without stopping for a moment. They only spent time learning other people's ideas, but had no time to exercise their own ideas. As a result, some knowledge is learned, but the intelligence rarely increases.

Rousseau couldn't stand this. In his book "Emile", he said that this kind of person is "like a child who picks up shells on the beach. At first he picked up some shells. But when he saw other shells, he wanted to pick them up again, but ended up throwing away some and picking up some. Even when he picked up a lot of shells and didn't know which one to choose, he had to throw them all away and go back empty-handed."

Being a king or studying?

The famous historian Macaulay once wrote to a little girl, saying, if someone wants me to be the greatest king, I will live in a palace all my life, with gardens, delicious food, fine wine, big carriages, and gorgeous scenery. clothes and hundreds of servants, on condition that I am not allowed to study, then I will never be a king.

I would rather be a poor man living in an attic with a lot of books than be a king who cannot read

Gu Yanwu supervised his own reading

"The world "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall." This well-known saying was first put forward by Gu Yanwu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Gu Yanwu has been diligent in studying since childhood. He was enlightened at the age of 6 and started reading history books and literary masterpieces at the age of 10. When he was 11 years old, his grandfather Liyuan Gong asked him to finish reading "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and warned: "Nowadays, some people want to save trouble and think that everything is settled after just browsing a book like "Compendium" , I think this is not worthwhile." These words made Gu Yanwu realize that studying and learning is an honest thing and must be treated seriously and faithfully. Gu Yanwu studied diligently, and he adopted the measure of "self-supervision of reading": first, he set himself a number of volumes that he must read every day; second, he restricted himself to copying the books he read after reading every day.

After he finished reading "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", one book became two books; again, he required himself to take notes and write down his experiences every time he read a book. Some of his reading notes were later compiled into the famous "Rizhilu"; finally, every spring and autumn, he would review the books he had read in the first half of the year, reciting them silently and inviting others to read them aloud, and discovered the differences. Check immediately. He stipulated that he should review 200 pages of classes in this way every day. He would never finish the review and never take a break.

Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty

"Song History" says: Pu was less familiar with official affairs and less academic. When he became prime minister, Taizu often encouraged him to study. In his later years, he would not let go of the scrolls. Every time he returned to his private residence, he would open his suitcase, pick up the books and read them all day long; and the next day, he would be executed in a flurry. After he passed away, his family sent out a box to look at him, and there were twenty chapters in the Analects of Confucius.

The head is suspended from the beam, and the cone is bone-piercing

Nang Ying reads at night

Chisel the wall to steal the light

Hear the chicken dancing

Chisel Stealing light from the wall

During the Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng was very diligent and eager to learn when he was a boy.

Because his family was very poor, he had to do a lot of work during the day to earn money. Only at night could he sit down and read in peace. However, he couldn't afford candles, and he couldn't read when it got dark. Kuang Heng was heartbroken for this wasted time, and felt very painful inside.

His neighbor's family is very wealthy, and candles are lit in several rooms at night to light up the house. One day, Kuang Heng plucked up the courage and said to his neighbor: "I want to study at night, but I can't afford a candle. Can I borrow an inch of your house?" The neighbor always looked down on people who were poorer than his family, so he made a vicious mockery. Said: "Since you are too poor to buy a candle, why should you read?" Kuang Heng was very angry after hearing this, but he was more determined to read well.

Kuang Heng returned home and quietly cut a small hole in the wall. The neighbor's candlelight came through the hole. With this faint light, he began to read books eagerly, and gradually read all the books at home.

After reading these books, Kuang Heng felt that the knowledge he had mastered was far from enough, and his desire to continue reading more books became more urgent.

There is a wealthy family nearby with many books. One day, Kuang Heng packed up his clothes and appeared in front of a wealthy family. He said to the master: "Please take me in. I will work for your family for free. Just let me read all the books in your family." The master was moved by his spirit and agreed to his request to borrow books. .

Kuang Heng studied diligently in this way. Later, he became the prime minister of Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty and became a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty.

[One sentence after the chapter]

This fable describes two things that Kuang Heng did when he was a boy: one was cutting through walls to steal money, and the other was borrowing books to study hard. . He praised Kuang Heng for his courage to overcome difficult conditions and his diligent study spirit; he set a good example for us to study hard immediately.

——————————————————————————————

Ba Jin’s reading method

The famous writer Ba Jin’s reading method is very strange because he did it without books. It is indeed a wonder in the world to study without books. What is going on? Ba Jin said: "The second time I was hospitalized, I took a nap for less than an hour every day, then got out of bed and sat on the small sofa, waiting for the nurse to come. I came to take my temperature at 1 o'clock. I sat motionless, but my mind refused to rest. It seemed that it wanted to remember some books and works I had read in the past. Before the decline, keep some good things."

It turns out that his way of reading is to sit quietly and recall the books he has read. This has many benefits:

(1) It is not restricted by conditions and can make full use of time. Ba Jin cited two examples: One was during the Soviet Patriotic War, when Leningrad was besieged by the German army for a long time, a girl wrote in her diary "such and such type, "Anna Karenina"" and the like sentence. There was no electricity or candles at that time, and the entire city was under blackout. She could not read, but sat quietly in the dark and recalled the plot of the book. Tolstoy's novels helped her survive those terrifying nights. Another example is his own personal experience during the decade of civil unrest. He said: "During the 'Cultural Revolution', if the rebels had allowed me to write a diary and allowed me to write a diary according to my own wishes, my diary would have been filled with book titles. People would be surprised: there was a seal in my study, and The lock has been closed for ten years. Where can I find those books to read? They forget that there is a big warehouse in the human mind, which stores things that others cannot take away. "These two examples show that everything is not normal. You can "read" under any reading conditions.

(2) Review the past and learn the new. Through recollection, take out the books you have read in the past and chew them bit by bit, just like a cow ruminating, which can further digest and absorb. Every time you recall, you will have new understanding, new knowledge, and new gains.

(3) Be able to continuously draw spiritual strength from the books you have read. Ba Jin said: "I am fighting against illness now and get encouragement from various works... Even if I don't have the energy to read new works while I am ill, the accumulation of spiritual wealth in the past is enough for the rest of my limited life." Until death, people need light and heat."

Gu Yanwu supervised his reading

"Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.

"This well-known saying was first put forward by Gu Yanwu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

Gu Yanwu has been diligent in studying since childhood. He was enlightened at the age of 6 and started reading history books and literary classics at the age of 10. When he was 11 years old, his grandfather Li Yuangong asked him to finish reading "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and warned: "Some people now want to save trouble and think everything is done after just browsing a book like the "Compendium". Well, I think this is undesirable. "These words made Gu Yanwu realize that studying and doing knowledge is an honest thing, and it must be treated seriously and faithfully. Gu Yanwu studied diligently, and he took the measure of "self-supervision of reading": first, he set himself a requirement to study hard every day. The number of volumes he read; secondly, he restricted himself to copying the books he read every day. After he finished reading "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", one book became two books; thirdly, he required himself to copy the book every day. He would take notes when reading a book and write down his experiences. Some of his reading notes were later compiled into the famous "Rizhilu"; finally, he would review what he had read in the first half of each year in spring and autumn. He recited the books silently and asked others to read them aloud. If he found any discrepancies, he would review them immediately. He stipulated that he should review 200 pages of books every day without stopping.

How did Chairman Mao read? >

Special Hobbies

For decades, Chairman Mao has been very busy, but he always made time, even every second, to read and study. There are books everywhere on the bookshelves in the bedroom, on the desk, the dining table, and the coffee table. Except for the place where one person is lying on the bed, all of them are occupied by books.

For reading. , Chairman Mao used all the available time to move his body for a few minutes before swimming. Sometimes he would read a few poems by famous people. Books. He never wastes even a few minutes in the toilet. He uses this time to read a little bit of "Selected Works of Zhaoming" by Chun Xi of the Song Dynasty and a few other books intermittently. After reading it.

Chairman Mao often writes in the box when he is out for meetings or inspecting work. He ignores the bumps and vibrations of the train on the way, always holding a magnifying glass in one hand and pressing the page with the other, and keeps reading. When in other places, just like in Beijing, there are books placed on the bed, on the desk, on the coffee table, and on the dining table. I read them whenever I have free time.

Although Chairman Mao was seriously ill in his later years, he was still alive. Reading. He re-read a set of hardcover "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" that was brought to Beijing from Yan'an and many other books and periodicals.

Once, Chairman Mao had a fever of over 39 degrees, and the doctor did not allow him to read. . He said sadly, I have loved reading all my life, but now you don’t let me read and ask me to lie here and eat and sleep all day long. You know how uncomfortable I am! The staff had no choice but to take away the books. Put it next to him again, and he smiled happily.

Study seriously and read it over and over again

Chairman Mao has always opposed books that only read books. A method of reading that is quick and does not focus on results. When he read the complete collection of Han Changli's poems, he carefully studied every chapter except for a few chapters, not neglecting any aspect from vocabulary, sentence reading, chapters to the meaning of the full text. Through repeated reading and chanting, he can recite most of the poems in Han Ji fluently, such as "Journey to the West", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Water Margin", and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which he has read since he was in elementary school. Then I watched it again in the 1960s. He has seen more than ten different versions of "Dream of Red Mansions". A "Selected Works of Zhaoming" was read when he was in school. He read it in the 1950s and 10s, read it in the 1960s, and read it several times in the 1970s. There are three existing versions of his annotations.

He has read some books on Marxism-Leninism and philosophy more times. He read "History of the United Communist Party" and Li Da's "Outline of Sociology" ten times each. He has repeatedly studied "The Communist Manifesto", "Das Kapital", "Selected Works of Lenin", etc. Many chapters and paragraphs are also annotated and underlined.

No writing, no reading

For decades, every time Chairman Mao read a book or article, he would mark important places with circles, lines, dots, etc. Symbols, write many comments in the header and blank space