Crossing Dingyang

Time: Song Author: Wen Tianxiang Style: Seven Laws Category:

After a hard encounter, there are few stars around.

the mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs.

fear is said on the beach, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

since ancient times, no one has died, so take the heart of Dan to shine on the history.

Note

[ Creation background] This poem is one of Wen Tianxiang's "Notes to the South" and one of his representative works. About in the second year of Xiangxing (1279)-when the first month of the second year captured by the Yuan Army passed zero dingyang. When Zhang Hongfan, Marshal of the Yuan Army, forced him to write a letter to surrender Zhang Shijie, who insisted on resisting at sea in the Southern Song Dynasty, he produced this poem to celebrate the festival.

[ content analysis] "once hard work comes, there are few stars around. In the face of do or die, the author recalled his life and was deeply touched. He seized two major events, one was to become an official with Ming Jing, and the other was to be a diligent king. With these two pens, I wrote the historical background and personal mood at that time very well. "Fighting is rare" is about the overall situation of the country. According to "History of Song Dynasty", the imperial court recruited soldiers from all over the world, but few people sacrificed their lives for their country as Wen Tianxiang did. The author's use of the word "fighting is sparse" implies anger against those who drag out an ignoble existence and condemnation of the capitulators!

If the first couplet is traced from the vertical aspect, then the jaw couplet is rendered from the horizontal aspect. "The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and the life experience is ups and downs, and the rain hits the ping." The author uses the bleak natural scene to describe the decline of state affairs, which deeply shows his mourning. The lonely minister of subjugation is like a rootless duckweed drifting on the water, with no attachment, which is bad enough. And the author writes the word "rain" on "Ping", which is even more miserable. This "ups and downs of life experience" summarizes the author's arduous struggle and bumpy life. This couplet is neat in antithesis, with appropriate metaphor, vivid image and strong feelings, which makes people feel sad when reading it!

five or six sentences carry on the previous meaning, further rendering and germinating. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang's army was defeated by Yuan soldiers and retreated to Fujian from Huangjitan. At that time, he was facing the sea before, and there were pursuers behind. How to break through the dangerous situation of that narrow escape and turn defeat into victory was his most worrying and disturbing thing. Now that the army has been defeated, as a prisoner, it has been escorted to Dingyang. Can you not feel lonely? This couplet is particularly sentimental. The two sentimental place names "Imperial Fear Beach" and "Zero Ding Yang" are naturally opposite, and they are used by the author to express his "fear" yesterday and "Zero Ding" in front of him, which is really a swan song in the history of poetry!

In the above six sentences, the author exaggerates the hatred, hardships and difficulties of the home country to the extreme, and the feelings of sadness converge to the climax, but the ending is a slap in the face: "No one has died in life since ancient times, so take care of the heart and shine on the history! "With the majestic momentum and high-pitched mood, the whole article is wrapped up, showing his national integrity and his view of life and death. The mystery of the ending makes the whole article from sad to strong, from depressed to uplifting, forming an immortal strong song.

[ Key words] ① Lingdingyang: In the Pearl River Estuary of Guangdong Province. Wen Tianxiang was here after he was captured and wrote poems. ② Classics: Confucian classics. In the Han Dynasty, scholars were selected by the Ming Classics. ③ Surrounding stars: the meaning of four years. It was four years from the first month of the first year of De Xiao (1275), when Wen Tianxiang responded to the court's call for "diligent king" with all his family property, to the defeat and capture in Wupoling in December of the first year of Xiangxing. (4) The Imperial Fear Beach: also known as the Fear Beach, whose real name is Huanggong Beach, was later misrepresented by sound. The beach is in the Ganjiang River in Wan 'an County, Jiangxi Province. ⑤ History: History. In ancient times, bamboo slips replaced paper. Bamboo sweat (moisture) must be roasted with fire when making bamboo slips, which is called history.