basic principles of Marxism 1. Marxist philosophy is a scientific world outlook and methodology. The focus of this chapter is to draw a clear line between materialism and idealism, and between Marxist philosophy and non-Marxist philosophy.

1. Marxist philosophy defines philosophy: (1) It is a systematic and theoretical world outlook, that is, the theoretical form of the world outlook; (2) It is a generalization and summary of knowledge of nature, social knowledge and thinking knowledge; (3), is the most general nature and law of learning; (4) It is the most abstract social ideology with class nature. 2. Definition of world outlook and methodology in Marxist philosophy: World outlook is people's fundamental viewpoint and viewpoint on the whole world, and methodology is the fundamental method for people to understand and deal with problems.

3. The relationship between philosophy and other sciences (non-philosophy): Philosophy is the generalization and summary of knowledge of nature, social knowledge and thinking knowledge, and it is the most general knowledge to study the nature, society and human thinking development. 4. The basic problem of philosophy: the relationship between thinking and existence.

5. the division between materialism and idealism: (that is, what is the primary and secondary nature of thinking and existence; That is, thinking and existence are the problems of who is the original and who is the derivative. ) (1), anyone who concludes that the spirit is primitive to nature belongs to the idealist camp; (2) Anyone who thinks that nature is primitive belongs to the materialist camp.

6. Identity between thinking and being: (This is the standard to distinguish "knowability" from "agnosticism") ① Can thinking know reality; (2) Whether the representation and concept of the real society can correctly reflect the reality. 7. The relationship between thinking and existence and spirit and nature is the "highest problem of all philosophy", and materialism and idealism are the basic factions in the history of philosophy development.

8. Basic viewpoints of materialism: (1) Nature, matter and existence are primary, while spirit, meaning and thinking are secondary; (2) Matter is the origin of all things in the world; (3) Material determines consciousness. 9. Three main forms of materialism: (1) ancient naive materialism: Primitive spontaneity, thinking that the origin of the world is one or several primitive substances.

The ancient materialism and naive dialectics are combined. For example, "Everything flows" and "Everything changes" reflect their unity. (2) Modern metaphysical materialism (also called mechanical materialism); (3) Modern dialectical materialism.

1. The root of idealism: (1) Social root; (2) Class roots; (3), the root of epistemology. 11. There are two main forms of idealism: (1) Subjective idealism: people's feelings, consciousness and spirit are the origin of the world. They think that subjective spirit is above everything, dominating everything, and exaggerating the role of subjective spirit.

(2) objective idealism: an "objective" spirit that is divorced from people and the material world is the origin of the world. 12. The basic characteristics of Marxist philosophy: (1) On the object, it is a science with universal laws, which correctly points out that the relationship between philosophy and specific scientific is a relationship of individuality and individuality that is different and interrelated.

(2) In content, it is dialectical materialism and historical materialism. ⑶ In function: Scientific world outlook and methodology have three characteristics: practicality, revolution and scientificity.

13. Marxist philosophy and modern western philosophy: two opposing thoughts of modern western philosophy: scientism and humanism. 14. China-ization of Marxist philosophy: It embodies the basic principles of Marxism–Leninism, including the excellent thoughts of the Chinese nation and the practical experience of the party members in China.

15. Marxist philosophy is the theoretical basis for building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics: (1) Marxist philosophy is the basis for building a world outlook with Socialism with Chinese characteristics; (2) Marxist philosophy is the epistemological basis of Socialism with Chinese characteristics; (3) Marxist philosophy is the methodological basis of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics; Second, the materiality of the world and people's practical activities 1. The definition of matter in Marxist philosophy: the objective reality of matter is perceived by people through feelings. It exists independently of our feelings and is copied, photographed and reflected by our feelings. Matter is: (1) it exists independently of people's consciousness; (2), and can be reflected by people's consciousness; (3), and it is objective and realistic.

2. The significance of the material category of dialectical materialism: (1) Insisting on the thorough materialist monism and criticizing the idealistic and dualistic material views; (2) Insist on the theory of reflection and knowability of dialectical materialism, and criticize apriorism and agnosticism; (3), adhere to the dialectics of * * * and individuality of material and material form, philosophy's material category and specific scientific's material concept, and overcome the metaphysical defects of replacing general and * * * with individual and individuality in the materialistic material view in the past. 3. The definition of movement in Marxist philosophy: Movement is the fundamental attribute and mode of existence of matter, including all the changes and processes that have taken place in the universe.

4. The relationship between matter and motion: (1) Matter is in motion, and motion is the fundamental attribute and mode of existence of matter; (2) Material is the carrier and undertaker of sports; (3) Spiritual movement is the expression of the highly developed material movement of the human brain; (4) The mistake of idealism lies in: talking about sports without substance; 5. The mistake of metaphysics is that it is assumed to be a matter without movement. 5. Definition of stillness in Marxist philosophy: stillness is a special condition of movement.

(1), refers to a thing relative to a frame of reference, there is no specific movement; (2), refers to things in the quantitative change stage without fundamental changes. 6. Relationship between motion and stillness: (1) Relationship of unity of opposites; (2) The relationship between absolute and relative; (3), the relationship between the whole and the local; (4), the relationship between mutual penetration.

7. the definition of time and space in Marxist philosophy: time and space are the existing forms of moving matter. 8. Time and space are inseparable from material movement.

9. Time and space are both absolute and relative. It is both infinite and finite.

1. The material structure view of modern natural science: It reveals the diversity and infinity of the material structure levels in the micro-field, macro-field and cosmological field of nature, and proves that nature is an organic whole with infinite hierarchical structure and universal connection and dialectical development. 11. Now. 2. Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism

Second, multiple-choice questions (*** 1 questions, *** 2 points. )

V 1. Marxist philosophy is a scientific world outlook, because (ABD)2. Dialectical materialism holds that (AB). 3. Among the following propositions, there is (CD) that reveals the essence of things.

4. the identity of contrADiction is (ad). 5. The relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction is (ACD).

6. Human social life is (ABC) in essence. 7. The mode of production of material life is the basis of the existence and development of human society, which is manifested in (BD). 8. The relationship between form and content will lead to (BD).

9. the law that production relations are suitable for productivity (ABC). 1. In the following statements, there is (BD) that goes against Marx's view on human nature.

third, true or false questions (*** 5 questions, *** 1 points. In slave society, feudal society and capitalist society, the direct driving force of social development is class contradiction and class struggle.

B. Correct 2. Historically, violent revolution is the only form of social revolution. The one-dimensional nature of time refers to infinity.

A. Error 4. The relationship between motion and stillness belongs to absolute and relative relationship. The emergence of Marxist philosophy is a great change in the history of human cognition, because it is the peak of philosophical development.

B. Correct-----------------. ) V 1. Among the following propositions, there is (CD) that reveals the essence of things.

a. Water flows downwards. B. Sunrise rises in the east and sets in the west. C. The essence of human beings is the sum of social relations. D. Consciousness is the reflection of the human brain on the objective world. 2. The reason why people inevitably make mistakes in understanding lies in people (ABC). A. the complexity of the objective process itself B. people's understanding is limited by subjective conditions C. the world is unknowable D. people's understanding has subjective initiative 3. human social life is (ABC) in essence.

a. spiritual B. material C. practical D. natural 4. the relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction is (ACD). A. the relationship between the whole and the part B. the absolute and relative relationship C. the relationship between the majority and the minority D. the relationship between sexuality and individuality 5. the main factor that constitutes the social mode of production is (CD).

a. economic foundation B. superstructure C. productivity D. relations of production 6. splitting the relationship between form and content will lead to (BD). A. formalism B. formal nihilism C. relativism D. sophistry 7. the idiom "nothing ventured, nothing gained" is explained in understanding (ABD).

a. Practice is the standard for testing knowledge. B. Practice is the source of knowledge. C. Knowledge is counterproductive to practice. D. All true knowledge comes from practice. 8. Among the following statements, there is (BC) that goes against Marx's view on human nature. A. beginning of life, human nature is good. B. People's nature is selfish. C. People's nature is to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. D. People's essential attribute is rational thinking. 9. The law that production relations are suitable for productivity (ABC).

a. It embodies the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness. B. It embodies the essential relationship between productive forces and production relations. C. It is the universal law of the development of human society. D. It is the unique law of socialist society. 1. Dialectical materialism holds that (AB). A. Time. Space is the existing form of material movement. B. Time. Space and material movement are inseparable. C. Time. Space is a tool for sorting out perceptual materials. D. Time. Space is both relative and absolute. III. True or false (*** 5 questions, *** 1 points. )

V 1. In slave society, feudal society and capitalist society, the direct driving force of social development is class contradiction and class struggle. The source of social spiritual wealth is the practical activities of the people.

B. Correct 3. The fundamental driving force of social progress is the basic social contradiction movement. According to Marxism, human nature is the sum of all social relations in reality.

A. Mistake 5. The test of knowledge by practice is a dynamic process. B. correct. 3. Talk about your understanding and feelings about the introduction to the basic principles of Marxism

First, optimize the way of thinking

The course "Principles" is conducive to our overall grasp of Marxism. Knowledge → thought → ability.

WT. Briefly describe the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness

Consciousness and matter are like iron buddies.

WT, briefly describe the value of truth

Truth is valuable, very valuable, very valuable, and valuable (get) is unbearable.

WT. Briefly describe the two main functions of money

One is to earn (money) and the other is to spend (money).

WT, briefly describe the great significance of spiritual civilization construction

The significance is very great, too great, and it is almost incredible.

-Excerpted from an answer sheet of correspondence enrollment of the Central Party School in 1998

Second, strengthen ideals and beliefs

A nation only cares about the things at its feet, which has no future. We should care about the development of society, the future of our country and the fate of mankind.

Shintaro Ishihara attended the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games. "I have never seen such a scene of beautiful women like clouds." What I feel most is the college students who are volunteers. "College students in China are really kind and polite." "I often disagree with China's politics," Ishihara said. "However, China college students are obviously different from Japanese college students in their views on the country's social future. They have expectations for the country and make people feel the meaning of their youthful life. It's really enviable."

Third, take the road of life

Sartre's famous saying: "It is possible to choose, but it is impossible not to choose". Learning ideological and political lessons well helps us to make correct life choices.

Marx's noble choice: If we choose a career that can best work for the welfare of mankind, then the burden can't overwhelm us, because it is dedicated to everyone; At that time, what we feel is not poor, limited and selfish fun. Our happiness will belong to millions of people, and our cause will exist silently but forever. In the face of our ashes, noble people will shed tears. 4. The first problem of the usual homework of Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism: A brief introduction to the ancient Greek philosopher

Briefly describe the four paradoxes of the ancient Greek philosopher Zhi Nuo about movement and Seng Zhao's "the theory that things cannot be moved", and judge Zhi Nuo's four paradoxes about movement with Marxist ideas about movement. 1. Dichotomy paradox: If any object wants to move from point A to point B, it must first reach the AB midpoint C, and then it needs to reach the CB midpoint D.

and so on. This dichotomy process can go on indefinitely, and there are infinitely many such midpoints.

therefore, the object will never reach the end point B .. Not only that, we will come to the conclusion that exercise is impossible, or that this kind of trip is even difficult to start.

because the first half of the journey must be completed before the second half, and the first quarter must be completed before that.

therefore, the object can't start moving at all, because it is hindered by the infinite division of the road. 2. Achilles' paradox of chasing turtles: If the turtles are allowed to go some distance ahead, Achilles will never catch up with them.

The tortoise is a little ahead. In order to catch up with the tortoise, Achilles must reach its starting point A.. But when Achille