1. Brief introduction to the text.

"Robinson Crusoe" is a novel, and the content of this lesson consists of a summary and highlights.

"Robinson Crusoe" tells the story of an Englishman named Robinson Crusoe in the seventeenth century who was in danger during a voyage and ended up alone on an uninhabited island. In order to defeat death, he relied on the few remaining means of production and living on the broken ship and launched a tenacious struggle with nature. Every time he did something, he encountered great difficulties, but he withstood the test of failure. With hard work, he successfully built a house on the desert island, reclaimed farmland, and built a sheepfold. , changed the appearance of the desert island, and his life also changed. After more than twenty-eight years of lonely life, he finally escaped and returned to his hometown.

The synopsis is narrated in the chronological order of Robinson's adventures, including "Island in Distress", "Building a House and Settling", "Raising and Planting", "Rescuing Friday", and "Returning to England", highlighting Robinson's adventures. Binsun's harsh living environment reflects his characteristics of not fearing hardships, being resourceful, strong, smart and capable.

The highlight is about Robinson's living conditions on the island when he first arrived and his thoughts on facing reality. The fragment can be divided into two parts. The first half describes Robinson's melancholy and lonely life on the island: when he first arrived on the island, Robinson lacked paper and pen, so he used a knife to carve the time on a pillar; He got a lot of things, but he still lacked a lot; the lack of tools made his work of building wooden fences and walls very difficult; he had to find food for himself every day. The second half is Robinson's rational thinking about his current situation and environment: he fairly arranged his luck and misfortune, advantages and disadvantages, found things worth being grateful for, and felt a little better about his situation. , and then began to be content with life and arrange his future life wholeheartedly.

Robinson's struggle in the center of a harsh environment is the focus of this clip. This is also the strength that gives him the ability to live contentedly and bravely in a desperate situation.

The purpose of selecting this article is, first, to enable students to understand the content of foreign classics by reading the text, to understand the difficulties encountered by the characters and how to overcome them, to pay attention to the fate of the characters, and to appreciate the characters' positive attitude towards life. ; The second is to stimulate students' interest in reading the entire book.

The focus of teaching is to understand the main ideas of the classics, understand the characters' attitudes towards life, and stimulate students' desire to read the entire book.

2. Word analysis.

(1) Understanding of sentences.

① Robinson named the savage he rescued "Friday".

The time when Robinson rescued the savage happened to be Friday, so he named the savage "Friday". This name is related to Robinson's consistent emphasis on time. In the original work, there are many records about time. He remembered that he came to the island on September 30th. Eleven or two days after arriving on the island, he thought of using a knife to carve marks on the big pillar to record the year, month and day... So he gave It is reasonable for savages to use time to choose their names.

②Now I am going to start living a melancholy and lonely life that is unheard of in the world.

This sentence is a portrayal of Robinson Crusoe’s island life. The life he wanted to live was one he had never heard of, and his mood was melancholy and lonely. Being alone on an isolated island, it can be said that the difficulties Robinson faced were not only the embarrassment of food, clothing and housing, but also loneliness and despair. How to overcome spiritual depression and disappointment is the key to whether he can survive on the island.

③I don’t want it to carry anything for me, nor do I want it to be a companion for me. I just want it to talk to me, but it can’t do that.

Having a dog by your side on an isolated island should be a good companion. Robinson said this, which is a manifestation of his extreme loneliness. People need to communicate. When this idea becomes too strong, I hope that the dogs around me can talk. This also reflects Robinson's loneliness and helplessness. No wonder Robinson Crusoe described it like this when he met "Friday" later: "But at this moment, the first person who was knocked unconscious woke up, and I pointed at him to show the rescued savage. This person immediately turned to me He said a bunch of words that I couldn’t understand, and I felt indescribably warm, because this was the first time I heard human voices in the twenty-five years since I came to the desert island.”

④ All in all, my present unhappy situation has proved to be one of few in the world. However, even in this situation, there are some negatives and positives to be grateful for.

This passage should be understood in conjunction with the previous article by Robinson, who arranged the "luck" and "misfortune" of living on a desert island: being alone, living on a desert island, facing many difficulties and dangers, is a great misfortune and a negative one. Things, but compared to the friends who were buried in the sea, they are still lucky. After all, they are still alive. There is hope when they are alive, so they should be grateful. This sentence is a concentrated expression of Robinson Crusoe's thought of "contentment and peace of mind".

⑤I hope that everyone in the world can learn a lesson from my most unfortunate situation. This lesson is: in the most unfortunate situation, we can also compare the advantages and disadvantages. Find something to talk about to masturbate.

This sentence is a concentrated expression of Robinson Crusoe’s positive and optimistic attitude towards life. The reason why he was able to stay alone on a desert island for 28 years is closely related to his attitude towards life. He compares the advantages and disadvantages so that he can face reality rationally and see the spark of hope from despair, thereby gaining inner comfort and the courage and confidence to persevere. This kind of courage and experience of survival is also a good inspiration for people in modern society.

(2) Understanding of words

Animal raising: raising animals.

Captivity: Raised in a pen. This article refers to Robinson raising goats in a pen.

Education: restraining and guiding people with ethics and morality, so that people can be educated and inspired. This article refers to Robinson teaching "Friday" to speak English and learn the living habits of civilized people, etc., in an attempt to turn "Friday" from a savage into a civilized person.

Be content and contented with one's life: be satisfied with what one has received, and be content with what fate has arranged for oneself.

Talk to masturbate: Just use it to comfort yourself.

2. Teaching objectives

1. Read the synopsis of the work, browse highlights of the work, and understand the main idea.

2. Pay attention to the fate of the characters and experience Robinson's life attitude of not being afraid of difficulties, surviving tenaciously, and being positive and optimistic.

3. Stimulate students' desire to read the original work.

3. Teaching suggestions

1. This article is a skimming text and is quite long. The teaching process should guide students to read and understand on their own. First, let students read the summary, grasp the summary content as a whole, and briefly describe Robinson's experience in overcoming various difficulties in some summaries. On this basis, students are guided to browse the highlights, exchange the highlights of the highlights, and their own evaluation of Robinson or their feelings after reading.

2. When teaching this lesson, students should understand Robinson's positive attitude towards life in the face of misfortune, and learn how to survive from his extraordinary experience on a desert island. To achieve this goal, the key is to master the main content of the text and be familiar with Robinson's experience of overcoming various difficulties. In particular, students should be allowed to read the second half of the highlight clips and experience the optimistic and uplifting message conveyed in his inner struggle. attitude towards life.

3. After studying the text, teachers can choose appropriate methods to stimulate students' interest in the entire book based on the actual situation. If students have read this book, you can ask them to tell you about the exciting parts of it; if you have not read this book, you can encourage students to guess the specific plot of the story based on the summary, or ask your own questions, such as: Grain, how does he make it into food? What is the savage banquet like? Teachers can also tell students about their own experience of reading the original work.

4． If conditions permit, students should be guided to take reading notes, excerpts of profound sentences, and organize reading exchange activities. The arrangement of the after-class prompts reflects the editor's intention. Students can communicate about the highlights, the content, the excerpted sentences, the inspiration of this book, the writing style, and of course the character of Robinson Crusoe. Make an evaluation.

5. "Robinson" is translated as "Robinson" or "Robinson" in some translations. Students may have questions. Teachers only need to explain to students that these are different translations of the name.

6． There are some polyphonic words in this lesson that students need to be reminded to pronounce correctly. The "animal" in "livestock" is pronounced xù, the "pen" in "captive" is pronounced juàn, and the "place" in "situation" is pronounced chǔ.

4. Teaching Cases

Fragment 1:

Read the summary and understand the main idea

Teacher: Who can tell me about this novel? Approximate content?

Student: This novel is about Robinson Crusoe drifting to an island and living a difficult life alone.

Teacher: Why did he drift to an island? How does he live? What was the final result? Can you tell me more fully?

Student: The novel tells the story of an Englishman named Robinson who encountered strong winds during a voyage. The boat capsized and he drifted to an uninhabited island. He overcame all kinds of difficulties and lived on the island for more than 20 years. He was finally rescued and returned to the UK.

Teacher: Your summary is relatively complete and your sentences are very concise. From the "summary", what can we see as the key points of the novel?

Student: It is about Robinson Crusoe drifting to the island and encountering many difficulties. He tried every means to overcome those difficulties.

Teacher: What are the specific difficulties? How did he overcome it? Please read the "Summary" silently again and mark the difficulties he encountered and the methods to overcome them.

Sheng: First of all, there is no place to live. Robinson walked around the desert island and chose a place on the hillside with water, shade and protection from wild beasts. He built a simple tent with wood and sails. He could see the sea there and hoped to see the past. vessel in order to request rescue.

Sheng: There is also difficulty in eating, because the food taken from the broken ship is quickly eaten. If you want to survive, you have to find a way. Every day he would go hunting in the forest with his gun and dog, or go fishing on the beach, and raise the goats he caught. Later, he actually had a flock of goats, and he could often drink goat milk and eat goat meat. Among the things brought from the ship, there was some wheat. He sowed them on the wall, and soon sprouts grew and later they produced more than a dozen ears. He repeatedly planted and harvested these wheat seeds, and in the fourth year, he finally ate the food he grew.

Sheng: Another point is "loneliness". Fortunately, he still has a dog and two cats to keep him company.

Sheng: I think the biggest difficulty is "fear". One day, he found the footprints of the savages and was worried that the savages would eat him, so he planted willow stakes in the open space in front of his residence and divided the sheep into several places to corral them. Later, he again saw the traces of fire left by the savages and the human bones on the ground. He began to think about how to deal with these possible savages.

Teacher: Is there any way he can relieve his loneliness?

Student: Later, Robinson rescued a savage who was being chased by his companions and named him "Friday". After being educated, the savage became his good helper.

Teacher: Now, let’s try to expand on the key points and talk about the main idea of ??the novel.

Sheng: Once upon a time, an Englishman named Robinson was shipwrecked at sea and drifted to an island. In order to survive, he used wood and sails to build tents; he went hunting in the forest with a gun, fished on the beach, raised the goats he caught, and planted some wheat. He found ways to deal with the savages and conquer his fears. Eighteen years later, he rescued a hunted savage, civilized him, and made him his helper. Once, they saw a ship parked nearby, and the captain was kidnapped. They rescued the captain, and the captain took them back to England.

Fragment 2:

Browse the highlights and experience the highlights

Teacher: We just read the synopsis of the novel. There are many fascinating places in the original work. Next, let’s enjoy a highlight clip. First, please browse the "Highlights" and think about which part of the novel this fragment is in?

(Students browse the highlight clips.)

Teacher: Who can tell me which part of the novel you think this clip is in? What's your reason?

Sheng: It should be at the beginning of the novel. Because the second paragraph of the clip tells the time - "About eleven or two days after I landed ashore", we can know from here that the approximate location of this clip is in the sixth paragraph of the "Summary".

Teacher: That makes sense. Now read this excerpt aloud. What do you think is the best part?

Student: I think Robinson Crusoe has an optimistic attitude and can defeat himself in the face of difficulties. The "Benefits and Disadvantages Comparison Table" is very exciting.

Teacher: OK, let us compare the "advantages" and "disadvantages" listed by Robinson and read them together. Ask the male students to read "Disadvantages" and the female students to read "Benefits".

Teacher: Now read it yourself and think about what such a table brings to Robinson?

Student: I think this form brought courage to Robinson. He found that although the situation was very bad, he was still lucky and was not completely in despair.

Sheng: I think this also enables Robinson to be content with his life, stop complaining about everything in front of him, accept the reality, and just think about moving forward.

Student: Yes! I think he also gained a reason to live tenaciously through comparison.

Teacher: You mentioned the word "contentment and peace of mind". It seems that you understand it. In this case, it is very important to be content and contented, and to be able to calm down and rationalize yourself. What does Robinson think? Let’s read his words.

Sheng (reading together): In the most unfortunate situation, we can also compare the advantages and disadvantages and find something to comfort ourselves with.

Teacher: Robinson’s approach is useful to each of us. Life cannot be smooth sailing. When we encounter unfavorable circumstances, we must, like him, face the reality, find hope in despair, and enhance the confidence to fight against difficulties. What else do you think is wonderful?

Student: I think Robinson’s language is wonderful. Let me read it: Even in such a situation, there are some negative things or positive things. Worthy of thanks.

Teacher: Yes, there are many famous books. The reason why people like them is often because some of the language in them gives people good inspiration and brings spiritual strength to people, just like the sentence you just read, It can be said that it is a good medicine for desperate people in adversity! In this group's "accumulation over time", we can also appreciate many aphorisms from famous works.

Fragment 3:

Inspire interest in reading the whole book

Teacher: We have read the summary part and browsed the highlights. Please read them accordingly. After reading it, what other parts of the synopsis do you think would be interesting? What else do you want to know?

Student: Among the things Crusoe brought from the ship were some wheat. He used those wheat seeds to plant and harvest repeatedly. In the fourth year, he finally ate the food he grew. I really want to know how he plants and harvests food.

Student: Also, after he saved "Friday", he began to civilize him. How did he "civilize" a savage?

Student: I found that the prompt after the clip mentioned that "The description of Robinson making a fire-resistant jar is very detailed." I want to know how "detailed" it is.

Teacher: Students have so many questions, so let’s find the original work and read it. I think you will be attracted by the wonderful plot of the novel, you will be able to answer the questions in your mind, and you will also be able to discover wonderful language worth collecting. We can browse the table of contents of this book together and get a sneak peek!

5. Related links

1. Defoe (1660-1731), British writer. Born in a merchant family in 1660, he died in poverty on April 26, 1731. In his early years, he was famous for writing political commentaries and satirical poems. He opposed feudal autocracy and advocated the development of capitalist industry and commerce. In his later years, he began to publish maritime adventure novels, picaresque novels and historical novels. The representative work "Robinson Crusoe" reflects the spirit of "freedom of individuality", the development of personal talents and the courage to take risks during the rising period of the bourgeoisie. Other novels include "Captain Singleton", "Moore Flanders", "Colonel Jack", "Diary of the Epidemic Year", "Rockchana", "Memories of a Knight", etc., all of which are popular among readers.

"Robinson Crusoe" is the most famous, written in 1719. The novel was inspired by a true story from that time. More than two hundred years ago, there was a Scotsman, Selkirk, who was working as a sailor on a British ship. He had a conflict with the captain and was abandoned by the captain on a desert island. He lived on the island for more than 4 years and was finally rescued and returned to the UK. Selkirk had no heroic deeds worthy of praise on the desert island, but the Robinson Crusoe portrayed by Defoe was a completely new man, becoming the first idealized image of the emerging bourgeoisie. The protagonist Robinson was shipwrecked in a storm and drifted to an isolated island. He lived there alone for 28 years. After going through many hardships and hardships, he not only provided for his daily needs, but also managed a fertile land. Robinson Crusoe was the entrepreneur of his time. The author uses this to praise the spirit of personal struggle of the bourgeoisie in its rising period.

The plot of the novel is vivid, the details are realistic, the description is meticulous, the language is fluent, and it is full of profound philosophical and social significance. The author then wrote the second and third parts. The second part tells the story of Robinson Crusoe revisiting the old land, claiming to be the owner of the island, civilizing the islanders, and then going on adventures around the world, including China and Siberia. The third part is mostly moral preaching.

2. Famous quotes from "Robinson Crusoe"

* All things in the world are most valuable only when they are useful. If you accumulate a lot of anything, you should give it to others; the most we can enjoy is the part we can use, and more is useless.

*It is useless for a person to just sit blankly and dream about what he cannot get.

*I have learned to look more at the bright side of my life and less at the dark side of my life; to think more about the enjoyment I have received and less about the things I lack. This attitude comforts me deeply.

*We always feel that something is missing and are not satisfied because we lack gratitude for what we have already received.

*How fickle people’s emotions are under different circumstances! What we love today is often what we will hate tomorrow; what we pursue today is often what we will avoid tomorrow; what we hope for today is often what we fear tomorrow, and even make us tremble with fear.

*How ridiculous and ridiculous the decisions made by people in fear! Reason provides them with various ways to protect themselves, but once fear takes over, they don't know how to use these methods!

* Waiting for a catastrophe to come is more painful than the disaster itself, especially when there is no way to escape this disaster and you have to wait for it to come, and you can't get rid of this kind of fear.

3. Highlights about making pots

I have long wanted to find a way to make some pottery. I urgently need this kind of thing, but I just don’t know how. The climate here is hot, so I'm sure if you can find clay, you can make some bowls or jars and put them in the sun to dry. The hot sun will make the clay hard, strong, and durable. Can be used to hold some dry things that need to be preserved. To process grain and make flour, it is necessary to have containers for storage. Therefore, I decided to make the container as big as possible so that it can be placed on the ground and things can be stored inside.

If readers knew how I made these pottery, they would feel pitiful and ridiculous for me. I don’t know how many clumsy methods I have used to mix the clay, and how many weird and ugly things I have made; how many of them are not suitable for use because the clay is too soft and cannot bear its own weight, either sinking or protruding; How many were cracked because they were exposed too early and the sun was too hot; how many were broken as soon as they were moved after being dried. In a word, I spent a lot of effort to find clay. When I found it, I dug it out, mixed it, transported it home, and then made it into a clay urn. As a result, I worked for almost two months to make two large earthen jars. They were so ugly that they couldn't even be called jars.

Finally, the sun finally dried the two large earthen pots very dry and hard. I gently lifted them up and put them into two large wicker baskets specially made in advance to prevent them from breaking. In the gap between the jar and the basket, straw and wheat straw were stuffed. Now, these two large vats will not get damp, and I think they can be used to hold grain and flour ground from grain in the future.

I didn’t succeed in making the big jar, but I made the small utensils decently, such as those small round jars, plates, pitchers, small earthenware pots, etc. In short, I did everything as I pleased. The things they made were all pretty good, and due to the strong sunlight, these pots were very hard.

But I have not yet reached my ultimate goal. These containers can only be used to hold things, not liquids to burn on the fire, which is my real purpose. Some time later, I accidentally lit a big fire to cook something. After cooking, I went to put out the fire. Suddenly I found a fragment of pottery in the fire. It was as hard as stone and as red as brick. I was pleasantly surprised by this discovery. I said to myself, if you can burn broken pottery, you can certainly burn the whole pottery.

So I began to study how to control the firepower and burn a few pots for myself.

I certainly don’t know how to build a kiln, like the ones potters use to make their pots; nor do I know how to apply a glaze with lead, although I still have some lead. . I piled three large clay pots and two or three clay pots one on top of another, put firewood on all sides, and lit a large charcoal fire under the clay pots and clay pots. Then I lit a fire around and on the top and kept it burning until The jars inside were red until they were red, and great care was taken not to let the fire crack them. I saw that after the pottery was burnt red, it continued to retain the heat for five or six hours. Later, I saw that although one of them was not broken, it had begun to melt. This was because the sand mixed in the clay was melted by the fire. If it were burned again, it would become glass. So I slowly reduced the heat, and the redness of those jars gradually receded. I guarded the fire all night to prevent the fire from receding too quickly.

The next morning, I made three very good earthenware pots and two earthenware pots. Although they are not beautiful, they are very hard; one of them was melted due to the sand. , and a nice glaze.

After the success of this experiment, it goes without saying that I have no shortage of pottery. But I must say, the shape of these things is very unsightly. As you can imagine, since I have no way of making these things, I can only make them like a child making mud pies, or like a woman who doesn’t know how to make flour.