Using the teaching reference of knowing cows skillfully Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao Qiao In the first paragraph of the text, he wrote "My Skilled Cow" with skillful movements and wonderful sounds. He pressed the cow with his hands, leaned against the cow with his shoulders, stepped on the cow with his feet and leaned against the cow with his knees. His movements were extremely comfortable and he made a brisk squeak. When I skillfully put the cow into the knife, he heard it like a dance, as beautiful as Shang Tang's music and dance Sanglin and Yao Shi's music Jingshou. The second paragraph is followed by the praise of the text, which sets off my master's superb skills from the side. Wen is curious about my superb skills, which leads to the following description of phenomena to the pursuit of essence, and feels my personal experience from what others have seen and seen. Third, the second stage is "I have never seen a whole cow"; The third stage is "meeting God instead of looking at it, being an official with Zhi Zhi and wanting to do so". The external expression of "knife" is "nineteen years" and "the blade is as new as ever"; The inherent essence of "Tao" is "there must be room for redemption"; The way to reach the realm of Tao is "according to nature", "because of its nature" and "entering the room without being thick" Finally, talk about the cautious attitude after reaching the realm of Tao. " As for the clan, he will still be "timid and cautious" and remain vigilant and frightened. Zhuangzi said in "The Lord of Health Preservation": "Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The governor thinks that he can preserve his health, keep his life and support his loved ones all his life. "Zhuangzi believes that human society is full of complicated contradictions. Only by grasping the social texture like an expert can people successfully avoid all kinds of intractable contradictions and avoid physical injury and fatigue. In this way, we can achieve the goal of keeping in good health, raising relatives and living for a whole year. It is also a negative philosophy of life. But the fable "My Skilled Cow" inspires us far beyond Zhuangzi's original intention: everything has its objective laws. As long as we "depend on the sky" and "because it is natural", we can constantly accumulate experience. Even if we grasp the objective laws and face specific problems, we should be cautious in order to do things well. Zhuangzi likes to use fables to explain reason. In "Master of Health", Zhuangzi first expounded the general outline of this article: "Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The governor thinks that it can protect our health, protect our lives, support our loved ones and spend our lives." Then he used several fables to tell them. The best part is My Skillful Understanding of Cattle. This story is vivid and intuitive, which makes the abstract "Tao Jing" and "the stage of reaching Tao Jing" vivid. Zhuangzi's thought is negative and self-centered, but his reasoning method is worth learning. Zhuangzi, who has a good taste in language, is good at portraying characters through the description of scenes and expressions. For example, My Clever Understanding of Wen Niu is all about alto. It's a prayer meeting in mulberry dance. "Through this scene, Zhuangzi wrote the realm of my understanding of cattle as a skilled worker. His hands, shoulders, feet and knees are coordinated, and his movements such as touching, leaning, walking and squatting are smooth and free. It is simply a wonderful performance of music and dance art, and I am like an artist completing his performance art works. This passage uses seven four-sentence sentences. The first four sentences are written by action, and the last three sentences are written by voice, which also has a musical rhythm. Another example is: "although, as for the tribes, I see their difficulties, I dare not take them as a warning, and my behavior is too late." After successfully solving the cow, he raised his knife and looked around, full of ambition. My master's manner has changed and contrasted successively, which is very vivid. In the first paragraph of the article, I only saw that there was no one in the realm, but these words made my image concrete and unforgettable. In Zhuangzi's pen, it turned out to be a wonderful performance of music and dance. Read it. I really appreciate Zhuangzi's description of how to solve cows from the perspective of the first encounter. I tried to understand the coordinated use of hands, shoulders, feet and knees, the movements of touching, leaning, walking and squatting, and the sounds of "sudden" and "natural". Think about it. Is the realm that my master has achieved just a manifestation of proficiency? The purpose of this question is to let students understand the rhythm and sense of rhythm of cattle through the rhythm of sentences. Let the students know clearly what the cow has achieved. The purpose is to stimulate students' imagination and let them understand the truth contained in the image. When understanding cows, use hands, shoulders, feet and knees in coordination, touch, lean, walk and squat. The rhythmic sound when entering the knife gives people beautiful enjoyment. Zhuangzi compared my skills to "the dance of mulberry trees" and "the meeting of the first classics", which was simply a wonderful artistic performance of music and dance. My skills are like an artist completing his performance art works. This description tries to render my understanding of cattle's skills natural, harmonious and harmonious. Because he is familiar with the natural physiological structure of cattle, he has reached the realm of "seeing God with his eyes, replacing sight with his eyes", and can "rely on the sky", "be natural", "be at home" and "be at ease". My master's realm is not only the embodiment of his skill. As my master himself said, this has exceeded the general skill level and reached. Try to figure out what it feels like to be "arrogant", "comfortable" and "complacent". In the third paragraph, the author describes the process of moving the knife in detail around "comfort", which makes people believe that there is really an effect of "moving the knife very little, but it has been solved". Find out these descriptions and repeat them in your own words. The purpose of asking questions is to guide students to ponder the vivid description in the article. And cultivate students' imagination ability of "image" through retelling. The reference answer describes the word "headless bull" like this: "At this moment, I meet God instead of looking at it, and Zhi Zhi is eager to walk." Headless Bull describes such a scene: my master has fully understood the overall structure of a cow. He no longer regards a cow as a whole cow, but something that can be disassembled. "There are gaps between joints, but the blade is not thick and there is room for repair." "Handy" describes the scene where my skilled knife moves freely between joints. The text describing "full of ambition" is: "Stand up when you mention it, look around and be full of ambition. Hide with a good knife. " "Full of ambition" describes my carefree and contented appearance after successfully solving a difficult problem. The text describing the process of moving the knife is: "as for the clan, I see its difficulties, but I am afraid it will be too late to take a warning." The knife is small, but it has been solved. " Let the students use their imagination and repeat. Make the characters fuller. 3. Understand the meaning of "Wei" in the following sentences. The purpose of this question is to help students clarify the different meanings of the word "Wei". Although, as for family, I think it is very difficult (verb, do, do. Here is the meaning of "solution", which is a warning (that is, "take it as it is"), which means "hard to see". Alice said that she "learned what she was good at and was better at it". Wen Huijun said that he got the "way of keeping in good health" from the enlightenment of knowing how to keep in good health. What does the so-called "regimen" mean? In addition to health, The purpose of this topic is to guide students to dialectically understand Zhuangzi's "way of keeping in good health" through their own thinking. The so-called "way of keeping in good health" refers to the method of grasping its laws in the complicated contradictions of human society, so as to protect oneself. In the sinister realistic environment, people can successfully avoid all kinds of thorny contradictions and avoid injuries and fatigue only by grasping the social texture and being cautious like experts. Therefore, we can achieve the goal of protecting our health, raising our relatives and making full use of our lives. The more general revelation of my understanding of cattle is that everything has its objective laws. As long as we rely on nature and accumulate experience, we can gradually master the objective laws, enter the realm of freedom in practice and achieve "freedom"; Even if we grasp the objective laws and face specific problems, we should be cautious in order to do things well. 5. Try to create a short fable that can give some inspiration with vivid images. The topic is intended to guide students to further understand that fables rely on image reasoning and contain the characteristics of human feelings in vivid images. There is a creaking sound where the foot touches the knee, and there is no out-of-tune sound when entering the knife: it conforms to the rhythm of Sanglin dance music and the rhythm of Jingshou music. Wen said, "Ah! Great! How did (your) technology reach this level? " My mechanic put down his knife and replied, "What I pursue is Tao, which has surpassed (general) technology. When I slaughtered a cow for the first time, I didn't see the whole cow. Three years have passed and I haven't seen the whole cow. Now, I touch (the cow) with my spirit instead of my eyes. My vision has stopped and my spirit is moving. (1) According to the natural physiological structure of cattle, I made a big gap and cut along the gap (between joints). According to the original structure of cattle (slaughtering cattle), I have never collided with a vein. Good chefs change a knife every year because they use it to cut muscles; Ordinary chefs change knives once a month (because they have to use them) to cut bones. Now my knife has been used for 19 years, killing thousands of cows, and the blade seems to have just been ground from the grindstone. There are gaps between the joints of cattle, but the blade is not thick; Cut into the gap (seam) with a blade without thickness.' It's wide and spacious, and there must be a lot of room for the blade that swims in! Therefore, after 19 years, my blade still looks like it has just been sharpened. Even so, whenever I meet a place where bones and muscles are intertwined, I find it difficult to start, so I carefully guard against it, concentrate and move slowly. The knife moved slightly, and the cow disintegrated like mud and fell to the ground. I stood with a knife, looking around and relaxing for it. (Then) clean the knife and put it away. "Wen Huijun said," good! After listening to me, I know the truth of keeping in good health. "Second," My Qiaoniu "(Feng) has mixed feelings." My Qiaoniu "is a wonderful work in Zhuangzi, with great influence. Even people who don't know Zhuangzi are familiar with it and talk about it." It can be said that we have lived up to the hard work of the sages. The master of keeping in good health is the third chapter of Zhuangzi, the main purpose of which is to discuss the importance of keeping in good health. Generally speaking, it is two sentences: "My life is limited, but my knowledge is also limited. If it is limited, it is almost impossible. If you know, it is almost impossible. " For a word, "goodness has no near name, just for the sake of. Shouting "two tires", lamenting that life is short, introspection, see through, don't be stubborn and insatiable. Since you can't live a hard life, you will inevitably encounter health problems. How to raise it? Zhuangzi's coup is not unusual: it is neither too strong (for good, no near fame) nor too fierce (for evil, no near punishment), and it follows the principle of nature (the destiny of the governor thinks it is classics), keeps in good health, supports the family (heart) all the year round, and has both. Zhuang Zhou is a philosopher and a poet. He described in detail an expert's understanding of cattle. Hide it with a good knife. One go, pleasing to the eye. The wonderful movements reached the state of transformation, which provoked Wen to say that he was good and had an epiphany on the way of keeping in good health. It seems that this meat eater is not contemptible, but his secret is quite shallow. Do you know the skills of cattle through the way of health preservation? Yue Tong. Zhuangzi's description of the wonderful skill of liberating cattle people to the point of freedom is actually a concrete and vivid expression of Tao. The so-called "Tao" realm is harmony and indispensable. The ultimate goal of Zhuangzi's fable reasoning is to clarify the core of his philosophy-"Tao". It is suggested that health care is as natural as liberating cattle. People who keep in good health are also called life support. Is it still a health preservation to make yourself exhausted or even unrecognizable? No, that's a broken life. If we can treat life like a skilled person with a knife, all problems will be solved without losing our lives. Isn't it wonderful? Here, my skill implies two main points: (1) My skill can dissect those cattle with twisted bones and muscles according to the natural texture, which means that although the world is complex and dangerous, as long as you act according to your own logic, don't be forced, don't act rashly, and naturally move around. (2) My technology can solve the cow, although it is easy, whenever you solve the cow, it is hidden with a good knife. Psychological vigilance and behavioral convergence are also ways to "preserve health". Reasoning, being conscientious and keeping people's eyes and ears secret are the three pillars, which can be described as beneficial enlightenment to us. Moreover, this strategy is feasible. (From Knowledge of Literature and History, No.4, 2002) III. Insight. * * * There are 52 articles, and there are currently 32 articles. The predecessors divided it into three categories: internal articles, external articles and miscellaneous articles. It is generally believed that seven of them were written by Zhuangzi, and the rest were written by his disciples or later scholars. Zhuangzi's world outlook is complicated and belongs to the category of subjective idealism. However, Zhuangzi's works expose and satirize the ruling class authorities, and its ideological content has certain progressive significance. Zhuangzi's prose is unique in pre-Qin prose. Rich in imagination, strange metaphor, sarcastic and spicy, in the words of Mr. Lu Xun, it is called "Wang Yang is open and closed, with myriad manners" (Outline of China Literature History). Firstly, this paper describes the scene of my single-handedly rescuing cattle. The author wrote my moves to understand the skills of cattle: "the touch of hands, the leaning of shoulders, the shoes of feet and the kneeling of knees." "Draw the chef's posture vividly. The above is a description of the speed of my movements, and the following is a description of the beauty of his movements. " Playing with knives is all tenors: it is the first classic encounter in the dance of mulberry trees. "That is to say, the butcher's knife goes into the meat and makes an untimely sound, just like a dancing mulberry tree. So much for technical coverage? " Wen's appreciation, using two modal particles, is a high praise for my skills. "Is this the end of my skill?" How can you be so smart? This problem has opened up a literary road and aroused my discussion. My master talked about his own experience and realized and understood the feelings of cattle. "When I first learned about cows, I saw nothing but cows." When I slaughtered cows for the first time, I treated them as a whole cow. "Three years later, I have never seen a whole cow again." Three years later, I stopped treating cows as whole cows. It gives my technical workers a feeling that they can disassemble parts freely. From the feeling of the whole cow to the feeling of the fragmented cow, it actually reflects the improvement of my skills as a skilled worker. Then, my skilled workers specifically talk about their feelings when they understand cows. "Seeing God instead of seeing him, the official Zhi Zhi is eager to do so. According to heaven, we should approve and guide him. " My master explained: "According to heaven, we should criticize and guide the big, because it is natural." That is to say, we should separate the natural cracks and cross the natural cracks according to the original situation of things (that is, cows). Then, my master said how to use the gap to save himself. This is because he cuts there. "Change your knife every month", and change your knife every month. What is the reason? Because he missed the blade. My master compared "Liang" with "Zu" to show his superb skills. "Today's minister blade has been 19 years, and has solved thousands of cows. If the blade is newly developed, "he said, his butcher knife has been used for 19 years, and he also slaughtered some cattle. This is because he can find a gap in the cow. My master is good at finding gaps, finding gaps and using gaps, but the blade is not as thick as gaps, so "there is room for recovery." He is comfortable and can move at the same time. If the blade was newly developed in 19, this paper summarizes the above contents and reveals the number of cattle slaughtered in 19. Focus on finding gaps. The following is my special experience in dealing with cattle, with the focus on concentration. "As for the competition, I saw its difficulties." My husband is not without difficulties, and sometimes he will encounter difficulties. The author's writing in this way enhances the authenticity of the article, which shows that my husband is not a god, but a good cook who constantly encounters difficulties in practice and is good at overcoming them. The author seldom uses a knife. "Draw my expression and behavior vividly." "Fear of abstinence" shows his high vigilance. Look until ",don't look at anything else, keep a fixed line of sight. "Act late, act slowly and be careful. Small knife ",gently cut down. Because of this careful handling of the problem, the key will be solved in an instant. It shows the results of overcoming difficulties-the "key" on the cow fell to the ground like a collapse. Then, it describes the joy after overcoming difficulties: "Stand with a knife, look around, aim high and hide the knife." "Standing there with a knife, looking around, it's really vivid and triumphant, and then clean it up and put it away. This article reflects the complexity of Zhuangzi's thought. In order to make the problem clear, we want to analyze it from the following two aspects: First, the original intention of Zhuangzi's exposition. Zhuangzi's My Skillful Knowledge of Cattle is selected from the internal article Master of Health. The so-called "health master" is to cultivate the spirit. So, how to cultivate spirit? Just like "being an expert in solving cattle", we should be good at finding gaps, pay attention to "following the heaven, criticizing and guiding the big ones, because it is natural", avoid contradictions and protect ourselves like a blade. This philosophy of avoiding contradictions and saving oneself comes from Zhuangzi's philosophy and world outlook. Second, the objectivity provided by Zhuangzi's fables. When dealing with things, we should master the original laws of things. If we master the rules, we can adapt to them, and then we can do things well. The skilled worker works so fast and beautifully because he practices too much. When he first started practicing, he saw "all cows"; After practice, "I have never seen a whole cow." After many times of practice, the butcher knife in 19 is as sharp as ever, and things are mastered with ease. These views are not inherent in Zhuangzi, but come from this fable material. We should pay attention to this. Historical Records and Biography of Lao Fei said that Zhuangzi was "probably a fable". The following discussion is reasonable. At first, I used sixteen words: "Touch of hands, lean of shoulders, walk of feet, stand of knees", then I wrote about understanding the moving posture of cows, and then I wrote about the beauty of dancing together. Only in this way can Wen's admiration be justified. With the admiration of Wen, there will be expert discussion. In this way, the meaning of words will change. The situation of using a knife for 19 years has been roughly described, and there is a concentrated description in the overview. For example, it focuses on the scene of an expert solving a difficult problem, especially after the problem is solved, "stand up with a knife, look around, aim high and hide the knife", and the feeling of pride is vividly on the paper.