According to historical records, Ma Su has been familiar with the art of war since he was a child. Zhuge Liang respected him very much, marching and fighting, and the two often talked all night and strategized. In view of the characteristics that southerners are difficult to tame, Ma Su put forward that "siege is the top, siege is the bottom; Psychological warfare is the top, and military warfare is the bottom. This strategy was implemented by Zhuge Liang as "seven capture Meng Huo", which ensured the long-term stability of southern Xinjiang. In view of the fact that "the soldiers and horses have not moved, and people's grievances are boiling" in Sichuan, Ma Su timely put forward the strategy of "only caring about poverty and not going out to war". On the eve of the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang succeeded in alienating Cao Rui and Sima Yi, which laid the foundation for the victory of the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang defeated Xiahou, captured Jiang Wei, defeated Qiang and destroyed Wang Lang, and then Cao Wei shocked the whole country.
Experts who are good at small-scale wars are not necessarily strategizing generals, nor can strategizing generals be soldiers who can recruit good fighters. Emperor gaozu said: "I strategize and win thousands of miles, not as good as the ovary." I am not as good as Xiao He, because I am a town, a people, a salary, and an endless route for providing foodstuff. Even a million-strong army will win the battle and attack it. I am not as good as Han Xin. "Everyone has his own strengths, and Ma Su is a senior consultant with strategic vision in" Running a Thousand Miles ".
Just as Mao Zedong Thought included the thoughts of Liu Shaoqi and other revolutionaries of the older generation, Zhuge Liang's ingenuity included Ma Su's cleverness and wisdom to a great extent. The allusion of "three smelly generals are better than Zhuge Liang" illustrates this point. When all the ministers said that Ma Su should be killed, Jiang Wan, who joined the army, said, "In the past, when Chu killed the minister, Wen Gong was happy. Isn't it a pity to kill the virtuous minister today? " Liu Chan is more calm. He said, "victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists."
The development of things just confirms the correctness of Jiang Wan's "calmness". After Ma Su's death, Zhuge Liang's use of troops was far worse than before, because of the lack of think tanks who were good at planning. Without the participation of confidant Ma Su, Zhuge Liang ate very little in his later years, did everything by himself, and was finally exhausted. So that when he died, Zhuge Liang lamented that "there was no one to teach the generals", which shows that Zhuge Liang had a special liking for Ma Su.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang's evaluation of Ma Su's Rare Materials in Shi Kuang is not excessive. Too much, Zhuge Liang, as a superior leader, knew that Ma Su lacked first-line experience, but ignored everyone's opposition and went against the routine, insisting that Ma Su, an organ soldier, go to the front line for temporary training. The subjective desire to cultivate talents is good, but doing bad things with good intentions leads to serious dislocation of talents.
As the commander-in-chief of the vanguard, it should be borne by experienced veterans Wei Yan, Wuyi, Zhao Yun and others. Zhuge Liang ignored everyone's opposition, "went against the sky" and went his own way. It was obviously a bit like throwing eggs at a stone to let an organ soldier with no actual combat experience serve as the commander-in-chief of the vanguard army and fight against the army of Sima Yi, a famous Wei country. Because Wei Jun is fierce, Zhao Yun, a veteran of the Eastern Front, can't resist, and it is inevitable that Ma Su will lose its street pavilion. Zhuge Liang didn't listen to Ma Su's advice of "no expedition", and his strength was weak. Even if he doesn't lose the street pavilion, Zhuge Liang won't achieve much. The fall of the street pavilion was not so much Ma Su's own fault as Zhuge Liang's strategic mistake. Ma Su's tragedy, to a certain extent, covered up the tragedy of Zhuge Liang's strategic mistakes, and turned the makers of a generation of tragedies into perfect people.
It is not difficult to find such a fact by investigating the social roots of Masu's dislocation tragedy. Before the Lost Street Pavilion, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang preferred the method of * * * in order to arouse the enthusiasm of the generals. The incentive law not only encourages talents to express themselves, but also encourages generals to be unrealistic and ambitious.
Guan Yu, Zhao Yun, Huang Zhong and Wei Yan. Have the experience of grabbing written evidence with their heads. When things are done, the signer makes a lot of money; Failure, no one seriously investigated. Therefore, to a certain extent, it has contributed to the bad habit of blindly signing letters of responsibility. Influenced by the general climate, Ma Su, who has no first-line qualifications, is more eager to get first-line capital than any Shu general. In addition, the relationship between Ma Su and Zhuge Liang is extraordinary, so it is not surprising that Ma Su, who is misplaced, "knows that there are tigers in the mountains, but insists on going up the mountain".
After years of obscurity as a green leaf for Zhuge Liang, Ma Su didn't expect Zhuge Liang to deal with himself according to law. In fact, Zhuge Liang didn't want to go easy on Ma Su, but he broke the rules himself, and the generals were full of emotions and suspicions. On the question of beheading or staying, the dissatisfaction of the generals has undoubtedly become the criterion for Zhuge Liang to enforce the law. Zhuge Liang tearfully beheaded Ma Su not so much because of strict law enforcement as because of necessity.
Zhang Xinyang said: "There seems to be a' culture of responsibility' in China officialdom, that is, from the moment a task is deployed, people will say' If you can't finish the task, I'll ask you' and' If you can't take the city, you can look up'. He pushed all the responsibilities to his subordinates and never tested whether his decision was comprehensive. " Once subordinates successfully complete their tasks, they are wise and decisive, otherwise they are headstrong, and not killing them is not enough to arouse public anger. Under dictatorship, the initiator of talent dislocation is his superior.
The success or failure of a career often lies not in the gain or loss of talents, but in the effective use of talents. There are only dislocated people in the world, and there are no useless talents. The key to the problem is how to use the measured materials and talents.
Liu Bang commented on talents such as Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin, saying, "These three talents are outstanding. I can use them, so I can win the world. Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so I can't use it, so I have to catch it for me. " If Zhuge Liang can really know people and be good at their duties, I'm afraid Ma Su, Wei Yan, Li Yan, Yang Yi and other talents will not fall into a tragic and desolate ending because of dislocation. If Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao and Cao Shuang are kind to counselors and don't mind their own business, they are afraid that the history of the Three Kingdoms will be rewritten.
Zhao Kuo's dislocation led to 470,000 soldiers of Zhao State, and those who should have been killed and those who should have been buried were buried alive, resulting in a major accident. Is the root of the problem just an armchair strategist in Zhao Kuo? ! It is the tragedy of our historical tragedy to avoid the great responsibility of the leaders and not to pursue it, and it is also the root of our repeated historical tragedies. After liberation, hundreds of thousands of intellectuals were branded as Rightists and re-educated by the people. Do intellectuals have to bear the dislocation of so many people? !
Masu deserved it. It is obviously not a fair view of historical figures to write off Masu's achievements because of his dislocation. Why do we only have Masu who lost the street pavilion, but there is no Masu with extraordinary wisdom? ! I can't help asking: society is upside down, and there is history to judge it. Then history is upside down. Who will judge? !