First, the five aggregates:

When we recite the scriptures, we often hear five aggregates. The Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra says, "Look at the Bodhisattva,

After a long trip to Prajna Paramita, I saw that the "five aggregates" were all empty, and I suffered a lot. ..... "The so-called" rhyme "comes from

(Skanbha), formerly translated as Yin or Duo. It means accumulation, and the five aggregates mean five kinds of aggregation. The so-called:

(1) color implication: the accumulation of matter. The connotation of color includes internal color and external color. Interior colors are: eyes, ears, nose,

Tongue and body-five roots: the root body of our life; Appearance colors are: color, sound,

Smell, taste and touch-five realms: the known external world is all contained in five connotations.

(2) The implication is not only acceptance and acceptance. Acceptance of prosperity and adversity can be divided into empathy and empathy.

Feel the pain Suffering is caused by five roots and five realms, and there are three feelings of suffering, joy and abandonment.

Suffer; The heart is born of the root of meaning, with sorrow and joy. There are five characteristics: bitterness, joy, abandonment, worry and joy.

Quality.

(3) Thinking: The mind holds an image in a known environment. When you see, hear and touch things, you will realize what is right.

The environment has a certain appearance, and then a name is established for it, which produces the psychology of understanding.

(4), line implication: "line" means creation, line implication is to drive the mind to create various industries, and the created behaviors are all good.

The three kinds of psychology, evil and forgetfulness, are called the method of mind birth, and also called the place of mind birth.

(5) Knowledge: There are differences between Mahayana and Hinayana in Buddhist interpretation of knowledge. Here, it is explained according to the classification of Mahayana.

Say: knowledge can be divided into eight senses, and it can be divided into three categories: first, mind, which combines various methods.

There are all kinds of Buddhism, that is, the eighth knowledge-Alaye knowledge. What they both mean is that it always thinks of me.

-Last knowledge. Since we have a mind, it has always insisted on having a "I", and this "I" is called meaning.

The three are knowledge, not only the foreign environment; The mind that can perceive the outside world is called knowledge. Sometimes,

Heart, thought and knowledge are always called heart, also called knowledge accumulation; Knowing can know the outside world, so it is intimate.

Because it drives other hearts, it is the main one, so it is called the king of hearts, the heart born with it.

It's called the heart.

The five aggregates include five kinds of Buddhism, namely, color, acceptance, mindfulness, behavior and knowledge, which are combined into one set and are the sum of karma.

Together, they continue to live and die, so the five meanings mean five different aggregations. Five clouds have also been translated into

Five dollars or five shades. "Five qualities" are the aggregation of five laws; "Five Yin" is five ways to cover me.

The wisdom of children. Buddha said that all beings in Li Gen have five meanings; Buddha plays for all beings with poor wisdom.

Say twelve places and eighteen realms.

Second, the meaning of all beings:

The five aggregates constitute the self of life, and there are many lives in the world. Buddhism divides these lives into ruthlessness.

Life and sentient life are two kinds.

(1) Ruthless life: There are physiological phenomena, no psychological activities and no ego, which is called heartless life.

It seems that plants, cells living in our bodies and so on. Are merciless lives.

(2) Love life: There are both physical activities and spiritual activities, persistence in me, love for me, and love for what he holds.

Dear me, such beings are entitled to be called beings.

Buddha said that all beings are the aggregation of names and colors, and this name and color can be divided into five aggregates-five aggregates.

(1), Name: Our mental activity is invisible, but we only know its existence by its name, so we call it it.

Name. This name is our heart, which can be divided into mind, mind, consciousness or eight senses.

(2) Color: a physiological activity, which can be seen in hue and belongs to matter. The colors in the five aggregates mainly include

Refers to our body-roots. Therefore, color is the method of heart color, and heart color constitutes our body.

And mental activity.

III and V Aggregate Summary Table:

[color]-color method-material activity

[theme]

Five elements:-[thinking]-mental method]

[line]]- mental activity

[Knowledge]-Heart King]

Fourth, elaborate the five connotations:

(1) color implication:

Color moral meaning: color has quality obstacles, occupies a certain space, and will deteriorate over time. Color means everything.

Matter, as well as the activity phenomenon of all matter. For example, minerals are substances and definitely belong to the color collection; but

Sound is not a matter, but a phenomenon of matter vibration, so it also belongs to color implication.

The ancient Indians divided the world's materials into four attributes, which are called the four major ones. There are four colors, which are all-encompassing.

There are four substances. The so-called four are: first, the element of hardness; Both, the water is very big-

-Elements with flowing moisture; Third, the fire-the element of heat and warmth; Fourth, windy-frivolous flow

The element of sex. From the perspective of modern science, these four things refer to three states of matter and thermal energy: large.

-the solid state of matter; Water is very large-the liquid state of matter; Fire-heat energy; Strong wind-the gas of matter

State. So the four categories do not refer to earth, water, fire and wind, but refer to the four properties of matter, only earth, water, fire,

The wind is just a representative. According to economics, every object has four dimensions, such as sea water, of which water is the most.

Big land, big fire, small wind. If the sea water is heated, its fire will increase. Another example is stone,

Most of its land has little water, fire and wind. When the stone is cold, there will be less fire; If the stone is hot, fire.

Big is more.

Buddhism pays more attention to the intuitive analysis of material classification, which is not only the direct contact between our senses and material.

Understanding it is not like studying physical chemistry, using various instruments to study, discover and understand the package inside.

Buddhism pays little attention to these elements. It focuses on guiding us to understand the relationship between matter and mind.

Therefore, based on material activities and spiritual activities, Buddhism has made special contributions to the interaction between mind and environment.

Other classification methods not only divide the color method into internal color and external color, but also include five internal colors: eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body.

External colors are colored, sound, smell, taste and touch, which are collectively called five colors.

Perception of internal and external colors

Eye root-color dust-eyes see color.

Ears-dust-ears hear sounds.

Nose root-incense dust-nose smells incense.

The root of the tongue-smells the dust-licks the tongue to taste.

Roots-touching dust-touching things.

When it comes to five colors and two colors, it is necessary to say "root". We often say that six are clean, six are unclean, and those six.

What does this mean? Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind are called six. The environment of six roots is called six dusts, which is not only

Color, sound, fragrance, taste, touch and method. Among them, the meaning root and the law dust belong to the mental method and can be divided into two parts.

It is divided into two parts: one is mental method; Both, color method-color selection according to the method. In Buddhism, matter (color method) is divided.

There are eleven kinds of five colors and hair colors.

(2) moral:

"Acceptance" is the method of mind, and it is the field of mind acceptance and acceptance. Inner acceptance of the outside world gives birth to an inner heart.

When you think about it, it will have three different feelings about the external environment, namely, bitterness, joy and giving up.

This is called three collections.

(1), suffering: accepting adversity, physical and mental persecution, too strong stimulation, physical and mental pain.

(2) Pleasure: We enjoy a good time, and the places we like are very comfortable both physically and mentally.

(3) Giving up and accepting: accepting the realm of the mean, the body and mind are in a feeling of not being bitter or unhappy.

(1) Accepting Sources: Everything we ordinary people feel and know comes from six sources.

1, eye suffering-the eyes see the light and shade of color, not things, but light (

Light reflected by the surface color of an object). It's like seeing light when watching a movie, and light tells you electricity.

There is a "Bruce Lee" in the film, but you see the light, but you can't see "Bruce Lee". By the same token,

Now everyone is sitting in the Hall of Great Compassion, and what they see is the color (that is, light) of the Buddha statue, not the Buddha statue. eye

Eyes have three feelings about color, for example, the light is very exciting, just hit your eyes, don't think about it.

When your eyes are painful, close them immediately; If the light is soft and comfortable, then

Happy is the eyes; If the light doesn't affect you and you don't feel anything, then your eyes won't be bitter at this time.

Unhappy (unwilling). Different sentient beings have different hobbies for colors, and when they meet their favorite light, they feel it.

Feel happy; Humans like soft cyan and blue, and their eyes are very comfortable; If the color is dark, the eyes

If you can't see clearly, it will be very hard. Similarly, our eyes sting when we see strong light. At that time,

Our eyes are very painful.

2. What happened at the root of the ear-the pitch of the ear and the volume of the sound. If the pitch is too high,

If the volume is too loud, you will die ugly; Ears are happy to hear the sound of harmony; If there is no sound, ears

Most of them are in a state of not being bitter or happy.

3, the root of the nose-the nose is smelling and smelly, and the smell and taste are strong and light.

If the smell is strong, our nose will be blocked when we smell it, and it will protest that we can't stand it-bitter, if we smell good.

Tao's nose is very comfortable. It is happy.

4, the tongue is born-the tongue will have three feelings of bitterness, joy and abandonment when tasting.

5, the root of the body-when the body comes into contact with things, it will also have bitterness, joy and abandonment.

6. One root is born and suffered-one knowledge is our law dust, that is, our mind. Our hearts are saying:

Do, heat, rice, dharma, so, or read: one, two, three, four, five, this is the heart.

How will our consciousness feel about these legal dust? We read: Is it difficult to have one, two, three, four and five meetings?

No, if you study from morning till night, then "Italy" will be unbearable and feel very hard; What we can't do is,

If you can't figure out the truth, and you still can't figure it out after racking your brains, then the meaning will suffer. If we don't let Egan

When you start thinking, it will feel bored and bitter. If we make it move a little, it will be happy. These are all from

Six bitter roots, which occur at the moment when the heart is in contact with the environment, are gone after the heart is in contact with the environment.

It exists. For example, now that I shine light on your eyes, it is stimulated, which is both painful; If you turn off the lights,

Then the pain will go away.

We also have ideological worries, grants and joys. Worry is worrying about all kinds of things; Happy is right.

Business produces a happy mood. Sorrow and joy are the difference between one thought and another, which is produced by one heart after another, not by six hearts.

Here comes the root cause. For example, if you think of a happy thing and feel happy inside, that is love. Pain, happiness and abandonment

The three senses are the six "feelings after contact with the outside world", and the feelings caused by troubles, so troubles and happiness are both troubles and pains.

Happiness and giving up are not troubles.

Colors have shapes. As you can see, it is very important and is naturally included in the five aggregates. What about polymers?

It is also included in the five aggregates, because our six roots are in contact with six dusts all the time, which are not only eyes, ears,

The nose, tongue, body and mind are all affected. For example, if you sit here and sit on the cushion, you will feel uncomfortable.

Yes; When the skin touches the air, the air is warmer, and if it is colder, you will suffer; Ear up and listen to me, from the loudspeaker

You also suffer from the sound; Look at the light from the projector, and you will feel it there.

At that time, our eyes and ears were bittersweet, so the six of us have always been bittersweet.

Its function never stops. We can feel it when we wake up, even in our sleep.

Because ordinary people don't realize this effect, and the Buddha realized that this effect is very strong, no.

It stopped for a while. As long as you know that something is happening and your mind is moving, you will feel affected.

It is very important, so it is included in the five aggregates and occupies an important position.

Acceptance is an infinite and endless collection of acceptance. This recipient was born in countless moments.

There are three feelings of bitterness, joy and abandonment, which are called heart.

(3), to accumulate:

Six roots are related to the external environment, they construct various external conditions in their hearts and play a decisive role in the external environment, and

The various names of Anli are not just the so-called Anli of the name. This name is the subjective peace of all beings. In this name,

There is a real person in the attachment. Let's take "mountain" as an example. When we see a pile of sand, we just look.

When we arrived at the "mountain", the shape of that color appeared in front of us many times. After that, we must have a "mountain" in our hearts.

The existence of forms, thinking that there is such a thing, began to construct various forms. Then give this picture.

Body name, called "mountain". Later, the other way around, I also don't know the "mountain" because of this entity.

This shape, we call it "mountain". Since then, we have been obsessed with this shape.

The "thinking" of "mountain" is the so-called thinking accumulation. So this idea is not one-off, but

I have accumulated a lot of experience to get it. For example, when a person was born, he never saw rain.

His mother carried him outside and saw the rain falling. He didn't know it was "rain" at all, and neither did he.

What's going on here? After reading it again and again, I gradually determined that there is such a thing in the world that will fall from the sky. Later,

He learned from adults that it was "rain", and later he insisted that there was really "rain"

Rain ",this is the role of thinking.

Like receiving, thinking comes from six sources. This idea, which comes from the environment of eye contact, is not only colored.

Appearance is called hue; The appearance of ear sounds; The way the smell of the nose is separated; Lingual differentiated

Appearance; The appearance of physical contact, then our mind is the appearance of thought. These different stages

Appearance is built by our hearts. This kind of thinking is as important as acceptance, because as long as we accept the same thing.

At that time, our consciousness and mind kept thinking back and forth in Liugen, from which we were separated from the outside world.

That's right, that's right, so all languages are thinking, as long as there is language in the heart.

Activity is the function of thinking. Be quiet. When you open your eyes, you see the scenery, but your ears hear the sound.

Tell us what it is if you want to accumulate it. For example, if you hear a bug or a car, you can confirm whether it is a bug or a car.

Sound. If you hear the sound of a car for the first time, you may be scared to death, because you have never heard of it, which is terrible. however

Listen to it several times, draw the shape of the car sound-the sound phase, and give it a sound phase as soon as you hear it later.

Name, car sound, thinking. What we see and hear in our daily life.

Things, and then distinguish in your mind, isn't that what you want? So thinking is a very important thing.

Psychological function, also listed as one of the five aggregates, is called imagination.

(4), lines:

The meaning of action is very complicated, and I will only give a simple explanation here: all kinds of thoughts born from our hearts are called

For the heart. Except for receiving and thinking, the rest of these hearts are born, and their behaviors (actions).

They are all man-made and called lines; This "line" is connected together, then

It's called a nebula. For example, greedy, greedy and stupid hearts: people scold you and get bored. This is "doing". In addition, greed,

Ignorance, delusion, anger, hatred, trouble and injury are all "behaviors". So in our minds, besides knowing, receiving and thinking.

In addition, other ideas are ok. These hearts can create karma, and they are artificial. No matter how kind you are.

There are: for example, we read the Heart Sutra: "Look at the Bodhisattva as deep as paramita for a long time, see five."

Everything is empty, and all hardships are spent. ..... "It doesn't matter, because our hearts are artificial and our thoughts change there.

This line belongs to good: if we are scolded by others, it belongs to evil, and that is to create evil. Hangyun

The mind born is the main force and reason of karma, because these thoughts drive our body, mouth and heart to karma.

Therefore, behavior accumulation is the main psychological function of karma in the five accumulations.

Speaking of five aggregates, we will talk about the relationship between six roots, six dusts and six senses-eighteen realms. Our hearts

When they are in contact with the external environment, there will be a relationship between them, and the roots-six roots and dust-six dust (external environment) will contact each other.

When they touch, they are conscious (also called attention). Roots do not touch dust, and knowledge does not grow;

If the root touches the dust and the heart makes sense, then the emotional heart is called knowledge. Root, dust and knowledge.

When they work together, the resulting psychology is called touching the heart. For example, we can see the psychology of color,

It's called eye knowledge. This kind of eye knowledge relies on the roots of the eyes to contact the color environment. In this process, it is called the heart of the outside world.

For knowledge. If the roots don't touch the dust, we won't have the psychology of paying attention. It's like when you're blindfolded

Sometimes, most minds don't notice what their eyes see. But when the roots come into contact with dust, the heart sometimes

At the same time, pay attention to the same situation, sometimes not; For example, when we are sitting there reading, we are outside when we are fascinated.

There is a voice working in the ear, but we don't know it; It is when the roots come into contact with dust that the heart is not in the ear at that time.

If it doesn't act on the external environment (sound), the ear won't be born, and if there is any sound in the ear, it can't be heard.

So we have to understand that there is such a difference between the heart, the six roots and the external environment.

(5) knowledge.

A lot of knowledge is aggregated together, which is called knowledge aggregation. According to the school of only knowing, knowledge can be divided into eight kinds, called the king of mind.

The first six kinds: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind belong to other functions, so they are called knowledge. Knowledge is based on roots.

It is dusty outside. Do not go out.

(1), the difference between parting and parting:

Another meaning is that our minds first perceive the correct environment without adding any language to call it.

Called farewell; After parting, our hearts further increased our understanding of the famous sayings from outside. take for example

You sit here and listen to my voice. Do you know that my voice is a man's voice? Yes but

Is there any language to distinguish them? You are kidding! So every time I say something, you know it's wide.

The teacher's voice is a man's voice, but you don't have to think about it, just know it. This kind of knowledge is useful.

Use the word "goodbye" but when I mention that my voice is a man's voice, you will think: a man's voice is.

Deep, different from female voice; Then I was sure it was a male voice. This is the difference. Our hearts are open to the outside world.

The role of two layers, the role of the first layer is to say goodbye; The function of the second layer is called separation. The first thought we perceive.

All along, we are in a different environment, and at the same time, our hearts are always separated from the outside world; I

Children say goodbye first, then say goodbye. The difference is that the present mind is in perception and perceives the present situation; But the difference is that

After we said goodbye, many continuous thoughts went to understand what had just happened. For example, I put my hand up.

Come; When you see this action, your eyes are the color of the other hand, and then you know that it is the hand in your heart.

(2), six know other functions:

Eye knowledge is rooted in different color environments: it is not the content of different color environments. For example, there are a bunch of colors,

I didn't say what it was. What you see is a bunch of colors, called goodbye. If you know what that color stands for

What scenery, artistic conception, etc. , is called separation. For example, look at this whiteboard. It says here.

Black words, when your eyes are watching, eye knowledge works there, and eye knowledge only knows black and white; (written) in black and white

What's that look? Blind. After that, our sixth consciousness wants to separate it and put it

When you connect them, you will find what is inside. This is the difference. So farewell is not in the first thought, but it is not.

It's single. We don't know how many millions of thoughts fly by at a glance. if

When we just keep looking and not thinking, it is in the middle of other things; Well, not immediately, immediately.

Therefore, in the past, eye knowledge was born and died in an instant. For example, I use colored lights on the screen.

Red and white; Your eyes will know red and white immediately, and you will read it there.

Function. Red and white are known to the eyes, but what is the image of the red and white picture? It doesn't know.

Tao, we must think and distinguish with the heart of the sixth consciousness. Hearing depends on hearing, so

Hearing is just knowing the sound. It doesn't know what's in the sound. For example, when we hear a cat meowing, we just

This is a cat's voice, not a dog's. We don't know what this cry means. Let's go. No cats.

At the same time, we are identifying the sound as a cat's cry.

Because don't be too fast, it will fly by in an instant, and it is difficult to feel it. All we know is that

It's time to part. If we don't practice meditation, we won't realize our minds quickly enough and don't know how many thoughts we have.

I just know that it was separation at that time; When you first read it, you will know that it is goodbye.

Consciousness (sixth knowledge) has taken root in other fields. For example, when we talk about six roots and six dusts,

Do you know what law dust is? Law dust is our state of mind, not only the law born from the heart.

Only our mind can know the law. Please sit down, close your eyes and say to me, "Ah!"

-Amitabha Buddha. ..... "Now pay attention to these thoughts of Amitabha;

Can know these thoughts (dharma dust) of Amitabha's mind. Guess what? Ordinary people tend to put

Legal dust as a knowing heart. Similarly, when the eyes see the color, they know that the role of color is you.

Heart; The ear hears the sound, and it is your heart that knows the sound. All you know is sound. So these six senses

It's an idea, an idea at work, just like when we read Amitabha just now, every idea, every idea has one.

Consciousness knows that voice, and when we say "A", that consciousness knows "A"; When we say ""

"rice" means knowing "rice" consciously; ..... So every thought has different legal dust and consciousness in life and death,

Our eyes and ears have the same function, which is knowledge. We have eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body,

According to the saying of "only knowing sects", we still have the seventh knowledge, which means the root is the seventh knowledge.

In addition, we also have the eighth knowledge, called Aryan knowledge. This knowledge is unknown to us ordinary people and can be collected.

There are seeds of karma, and those seeds can also form results by relying on this knowledge. The seventh knowledge is also called.

The last kind of knowledge, translated into Chinese, is called meaning. This knowledge has always been persistent. Araille's knowledge is "I", so it is persistent.

A psychological function of "I" Our sixth consciousness depends on the seventh consciousness, so it is called meaning.

Root. It seems that our eye knowledge depends on the eye root, so it is called the eye root; The sixth kind of knowledge comes from the root of meaning,

So it's called consciousness.

Five, the relationship between the five aggregates:

The color aggregation in the five aggregates is divided into internal color and external color, which are root and environment (dust) respectively. Dust is a known boundary and source.

It is our knowledge that depends on it to know the outside world. When the mind is in contact with the environment, the psychology of this contact is called touch. touch control

At that time, it was knowledge that could know the external environment. After contact with the environment, the heart will continue to receive, think and act. After suffering,

Happiness and giving up are immediate. At the same time, the mind has constructed various forms. Give them all kinds of names, which is not only

Think about it. After we set up famous sayings and add troubles, we will have a heart of good and evil, and even mobilize our body, mouth and heart.

Creating a career is the relationship between five connotations-color, acceptance, thinking, action and knowledge. This is our life.

Continuous activity.

Six, the truth of the five aggregates:

The truth of the five elements is impermanence, bitterness, emptiness and selflessness. Because every thought in the five aggregates changes in birth and death, so

Is impermanent; Because of impermanence, every thought will eventually disappear after birth, so it is bitter; Because of Wuyun's party

In harmony, nothing is constant, independent, single and very different, and

There is no master, no one controls it, and it has a cause, so there is no me; Because the five aggregates are born by karma,

Things born of karma have no self-nature, even if they have no self-expression, so-called no self-nature, no self-nature, so empty.

Seven, observe the five aggregates:

The Buddha taught us how to view the five aggregates in The Analects of Confucius, saying, "Watching colors is like gathering foam.

Soaked in water, thinking is like a spring flame, walking is like a banana, and knowing the law is like an illusion. "The Buddha taught us to observe the five aggregates.

The "color" in the book, like the dirty foam formed when the river hits, is empty and lasts for a moment.

Easy to crush; "Suffering" is like bubbles floating up in the water, suddenly bursting, our suffering heart.

The same is true of reading, for example: the feeling of reading with eyes suddenly passed; Miss is like spring or summer.

When sunlight shines on the ground, water evaporates into water vapor, which sometimes reflects to form various images. it is

An illusion, our thoughts are as unreal and unreal as the flames of spring; All "threads" are like bananas, that is,

Our thoughts are like banana trees, peeled off one by one and hollow, with nothing in them.

We have the same idea. For example: Amitabha, did you see anything in "A"? No. "

Is there anything in Mi? Number ... But put together, you see four "Amitabha".

What does the word stand for; All methods of "knowledge" are like illusions. "knowledge" is the heart we can perceive, and it is like illusions.

Just like a magician, it changed something, and we were confused by it, thinking that these things really existed.

Similarly, we also believe that the heart exists, but the heart is illusory.