2. The most important thing in writing a composition is to observe carefully, read more books, choose materials skillfully, practice writing diligently and revise diligently.
Close observation-the golden key to improve writing level
The article is the product of objective things reflected in the author's mind. To reflect the object, you don't have to observe the objective things carefully. Only by careful observation can we find broken jade from the mineral deposits of life phenomena and grab the shining treasure from the mixed sediment. If you don't master "observation", the golden key to open the door, the "iron gate limit" of the composition will definitely be impossible.
Reading more-the premise of improving the level of composition
To write a good article, you must read more books. "Reading is like a million volumes, and writing is like a god." "I am familiar with three Tang poems, I can't write poems and I can't sing." Mr. Lu Xun also advocates reading more books. "You must pick many flowers like bees, so that you can brew honey. If you bite in one place, your income will be limited and boring. " We emphasize that we should not only read more, but also read selectively, and even more, understand the structural skills and language characteristics of the articles we read, and master the composition from them, so as to be more profound and diverse.
Clever selection of materials-an accelerator to improve the level of composition
The requirement of material selection is novelty. The so-called novelty means that the batch should choose something that ordinary people have never touched, or turn a blind eye to it with profound meaning. Once the author writes in a book, it will make people think deeply about exciting materials. The angle of material selection should be small, we should see the big picture from the small place and write the materials in everyone's eyes instead of what everyone wrote. To this end, we must compare, analyze and synthesize various materials in our minds, remove the rough and extract the fine, and transform and process them. Only in this way can the materials be novel. And this kind of positive thinking and repeated deliberation is very helpful to improve the level of composition.
Regular practice of writing is the key to improve writing level.
Want to enter the door of composition, make continuous progress, and more importantly, practice more. As the saying goes, "it is better to write one than to read ten articles." This tells the truth that writing practice produces true knowledge. After learning an article, we understand the structural methods and writing characteristics of the article, so we must learn to use these knowledge and methods to practice and make it our writing ability. In fact, we can all practice writing after learning the first text. However, fragment practice is a good way to practice writing, which takes a short time and achieves the purpose of practicing writing. Keeping a diary is also an effective way to practice writing. Keep a diary every day, and then the Russian foundation will be solid.
Diligent review-a catalyst to improve the level of composition
Revision is an essential step in composition and an effective measure to improve the quality of composition. The predecessors said well, "the article is never tired of changing." "The article has changed." Cao Xueqin wrote a dream of red mansions, read it for ten years, added and deleted it five times, and Tolstoy's War and Peace was revised seven times. Mr. Lu Xun advocated that "it is not a pity to read it at least twice after deciding and try to delete unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs." It can be seen that article revision generally refers to the process from the first draft to the final draft. When repairing, we should do five things: whether the text is fluent, whether the theme is clear, whether the structure is compact and whether the language is beautiful. In short, "the article has changed." Generally speaking, the article is always getting better and better, so we should work hard on "revision".
3. The composition "I found the benefits of observation" I especially like shadows, so I also like to observe shadows. Observing shadows is a very interesting and wonderful thing! What, you don't believe I can observe shadows? Well, let me tell you the truth. In fact, as long as you are good at observation, nothing is invisible. ...
It's fun to observe shadows! After school, my mother came to pick me up. I usually can't keep my mouth shut for a while when I quarrel. Today, I finally got quiet, sat on my mother's bike and went home peacefully. There is nothing to do along the way. My mother has to concentrate on driving and can't chat with me. I'm lonely. So, I came to accompany my shadow friend again! Many shadows have been discovered by me, such as lush foliage, street trees and tall and prosperous buildings in full of green, as well as handsome cars flying by, pedestrians strolling leisurely and children playing ... Their shadows are so colorful. Of course, there are the shadows of me and my mother, plus the shadow of my bike leaning against my mother's back. Seeing all this, I feel full of deep love. ...
Shadow let me see the warmth of the world, let me feel the deep love!
I want to write a paper on observation and its function, so I will ask for one or two examples of observation and its function.
Observation is the main means for people to know the world and increase their knowledge, and it plays a very important role in all people's practical activities. Observation is the source and gateway of intellectual activities. Through observation, people get a lot of perceptual materials and vivid and concrete impressions of things, and after processing and training of thinking activities, they rise to rational understanding, thus promoting the development of intelligence. Darwin once commented on his works: "I don't have outstanding understanding or extraordinary wit, but I may be superior to others in my ability to detect those fleeting things and observe them carefully." Pavlov, a great Russian physiologist, wrote in his laboratory building: "Observe, observe and observe again."
Observation is a planned, purposeful and lasting cognitive activity. Scientific research, productive labor, artistic creation and educational practice all require systematic, meticulous, accurate and prudent observation of the objects they face, so as to explore the law of development and change of things.
Open the biographies of celebrities, it is not difficult to find that most successful people in human history, especially in the history of scientific development, have excellent observation:
Galileo, an Italian scientist, began by observing the shaking of the copper chandelier in the church and discovered the timing law of the pendulum through experimental research. Darwin, a great biologist and the founder of the theory of evolution, was keen on observing animals and plants since he was a child. He wrote an observation diary for twenty years and the Origin of Species. He himself once said: "I have no outstanding understanding and no extraordinary wit." It's just that I may be superior to others in observing those fleeting things and observing them carefully. "
Newton, a great physicist, likes to observe all kinds of things carefully since he was a child, trying to see the essence through phenomena and thoroughly understand what he doesn't understand. When the wind blows, people hide in the house, but Newton rushes out of the door with sand and stones. He walked against the wind for a while and observed the speed difference between the wind and the wind on the spot.
The British inventor Watt made clear the basic principle of the steam engine by observing the boiling water pushing the pot cover, which brought about a profound capitalist industrial revolution.
Li Shizhen, a famous doctor in Ming Dynasty in China, loved to observe the growth process of various flowers and plants when he was young, and carefully observed how they germinated, grew leaves and blossomed. Every subtle change of flowers and plants can't escape his eyes. It is precisely because of this meticulous and rigorous observation style that he was able to correct many mistakes in ancient herbal books and wrote the immortal Compendium of Materia Medica. ...
Through so many examples, we can find that listening and watching more, exercising the senses and accumulating perceptual knowledge are the prerequisites for the development of observation. The process of observation is based on perception, but not any perception can be called observation. The truly effective observation process includes both perceptual factors and thinking factors. If you don't pay attention to refining your thinking ability in the process of observation, then observation is just general and vague, and you can't grasp the main characteristics of things, let alone make scientific judgments.
To sum up, relying on one's own senses to perceive purposefully, planned and actively, only by combining perception with thinking is the real observation; And this kind of observation phenomenon, the ability to grasp the essence, is really good observation.
It is precisely because of thinking in observation and combining thinking with observation that scientists such as Darwin and Newton really grasped those "fleeting things" in others' eyes and made great discoveries.
5. Is it useful to recite a composition in Chinese? Writing is the embodiment of Chinese comprehensive level. But for many students (including me at the beginning), I always feel that the composition is very profound and difficult to write. Actually, it's not. I think it is not difficult to write a good composition as long as you pay attention to the following points and persevere, and often practice writing.
The first is the accumulation of words. Writing requires good words and sentences to be literary and attractive. An article, no matter how wonderful it is without good words and witty sentences, is also dull and tasteless. How can we attract people and make them appreciate it? You wrote this article for nothing. In the usual study, Teacher Li of our class pays great attention to this aspect of education and guidance. I also pay great attention to this when reading articles and books. However, you should not learn by rote.
The second aspect is observation. Writing a composition is not confined in a room, but observed and experienced in real life. Because life is the source of writing! Some people, he went out to "observe", just glanced at it and ignored the details. Therefore, the composition written is just an outline, and there are no main points or details at all. Therefore, when observing, we should pay attention and be careful, so as to write a good composition that is different from others. I remember when I went out, my father often pointed and asked questions to get my attention and thought.
Third, read more extracurricular books. This is an important channel for accumulating words and the key to writing a composition. Including books ordered at home and various books in bookstores. As long as I have time, I will go to the bookstore to read all kinds of extracurricular books. Of course, you can't write a perfect composition just by reading. The key is to accumulate, remember and use it well. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of "serving others and serving me", so that when writing a composition, we can do whatever we want and write freely.
6. Ask for a small speech about the importance of observation to life (ordinary articles are also ok, 1000 words or so). After reading "Books are the ladder of human progress", "Books are power" and "Life without books is like no sunshine; Wisdom without books is like a bird without wings. Doesn't this famous aphorism prove the important role of books and the important position of books in one's life? Nowadays, most people read books either to kill time or to complete tasks. Who regards reading as a pleasure? I have been listening to stories from my parents since I was very young. At that time, I just thought the contents in the book were funny and didn't care at all, but since then, I have loved books because I can learn a lot from them.
When I went to primary school, I began to study by myself. In the first and second grades, I didn't know many words, so I marked Pinyin one by one, only glanced at it briefly, but didn't notice the touching plot and special environment. I didn't find the protagonist's distinctive personality and perseverance. I don't even understand the joys and sorrows in the book. As I get older, I find reading is also a pleasure. I don't read it roughly, but I carefully taste the words and understand the deeper meaning.
Because I like reading, I have more than 100 books, including literary masterpieces, stories and novels, as well as periodicals and magazines. These books help me study, enrich my knowledge, tell me some truths, teach me how to face life, study and setbacks, and encourage me to face difficulties and overcome them bravely. Books can not only learn new knowledge, but also learn new common sense and learn to survive.
The greatest pleasure of reading is to discover what you don't know. There are criticisms of social phenomena, descriptions of beautiful scenery, little-known secrets and stories, descriptions of Chinese and foreign customs, explorations of mysteries and inspiring touching stories.
The vicious slave owners in Uncle Tom's Cabin got what they deserved, which made people applaud and feel happy for the slaves who were abused just because of their skin color. Reading "Summer Night by the Sea" makes me want to go to the seaside to experience the unusual and special customs in person, which makes people happy in longing and fantasy. Reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms makes people angry at the actions of treacherous villains, and the heroism of each hero makes people feel proud at once. In the pride of China people, heroic fire fighters, regardless of their young lives, traded their lives for a minute and stopped the coming death with their bodies. Many people gave their young lives for this, and those who survived firmly said, "Even if I died that time, I will never regret it. I am waiting for more people like me to protect the lives and property of others! " Don't I have full respect for these fire fighters? Reading "How Far is Peking University" makes people feel that not only maternal love is selfless, but also paternal love is great ... Reading must be integrated into the book to understand the meaning of the book and the joys and sorrows of the characters in the book. Bing Xin said, "Read a good book, read a good book, read a good book."
Read well, you should study hard and study hard. If you don't have enough time to study, then you should read the article "Being the Master of Time", which tells you how to arrange your time reasonably.
Books can be carried with you, which can not only help you learn knowledge, but also greatly increase your manners, making people feel that you are a learned person at first glance. Since you can take it with you, you can take time out in your spare time, such as taking a look while waiting for someone, or taking a look during a break.
Reading is fun. We must carry out the concept of "I study, I am happy" to the end. If I'm unhappy, I won't study at all. Reading is to make yourself happy, to learn knowledge in happiness, to read voluntarily, and to find happiness in the process of reading. I like reading.
7. How to write the observed composition depends on what it is.
First, there must be a certain order of observation.
Static things can be observed in the order of "whole-part-whole". First of all, look at the whole, roughly understand the external outline and shape of things, and have a preliminary understanding of things. Then make a concrete observation of things. You can also observe the situation in the order of "cause-development-* *-result", or in the order of time lapse and spatial position transformation. The order of observation is from outside to inside, from main to secondary, from top to bottom, from far to near, from part to whole ... Only by observing orderly can students have a more comprehensive understanding of things. In teaching, the order of observation should be determined according to the timing of students' composition.
Second, observe and grasp the characteristics.
Observing things should not only understand their overall outline and external form, but also carefully understand the basic characteristics of fifteen parts. For example, to observe a person, we must grasp the characteristics of the character's appearance, speech, behavior and inner activities. How can we grasp the characteristics of things? Characteristics refer to the uniqueness of people or things. As the saying goes, "only contrast can distinguish." Therefore, in teaching, students should be guided to observe and compare things, find their similarities and differences, and capture their characteristics. The articles written in this way will be vivid and prevent the phenomenon of "one thousand people". For example, write about rain, so that students can understand the different characteristics of "silent rain", "greater than bead curtain" and "downpour" through observation. By guiding students to observe things according to their characteristics, students' ability to distinguish similarities and differences is improved, and students can write their own personalities in their compositions.
Third, associate with emotional observation.
In observation, students should be instructed to integrate their feelings with things and deeply experience the process of their emotional changes and psychological activities. Express your emotional experience, hatred, hobbies and psychological activities, and also write down your inspiration. Only by experiencing with emotion and observing with heart can we have a deep feeling for the observed object, and the articles written will have true feelings and arouse the readers' emotions.
By observing and capturing the external characteristics of things or people, we can understand the appearance of things or people. But not profound, in order to strengthen the understanding of things or people. Therefore, it is necessary to further analyze and speculate or do some investigation and study, explore the origin of appearance or external characteristics, and understand the internal or symbolic meaning contained in the external characteristics of things. If we observe flowers, we should not only observe the shape, color and taste of flowers, but also guide students to think of people who like flowers-picturesque people, children and so on. People who grow flowers-gardeners in the garden, hard-working teachers. After understanding the internal meaning of things, choose the external features of things around this center, and remove other features that have nothing to do with the internal meaning to prevent nonsense that has nothing to do with the center when writing a composition.
Writing an observation composition is eclectic, striving to be unconventional, trying to overcome the mindset, writing whatever you see and think of, as long as you tidy up the observation and write it smoothly, concretely, centrally and with feelings. In fact, composition is not difficult, observation is the key, and it is important to keep practicing.
8. The importance of pupils' writing. Practicing martial arts pays attention to routines, and the moves are clearly superb; Writing a composition should also pay attention to routines, so as to be gradual and natural.
I summed up my writing routine into six tricks, hoping to play a role in attracting jade. The first trick: diligently collect and accumulate wonderful words, phrases, sentences and chapters to enrich your writing warehouse.
There are two ways to collect accumulated materials: one is from newspapers and books. You can circle the materials that are beneficial to you directly in newspapers and books, you can cut newspapers, extract them, or feel after reading them, take other people's things for yourself, just like bees make honey, and collect a certain amount of pollen first.
The second is from life. People who are willing to live and observe the world with a pair of discerning eyes will find that social life is rich and colorful, and all kinds of people and things in society are good writing materials: small to the people around them; Major events at home and abroad can be the content we collect and accumulate.
In order to achieve better writing effect, we need to devote ourselves to life, experience the ups and downs in study, life and work, and then let these ups and downs naturally flow into the pen and become real and touching articles. The second trick: strengthen writing practice.
Writing often begins with keeping a diary. If we regard the diary as a bosom friend, as an object to talk about, and tell our personal joys and sorrows in the diary to the fullest, over time, the diary will accumulate more and more thick, and before we know it, we will find that the length of the diary has become longer, the expression of words has become clever, and our observation and adaptability to life have also been enhanced.
Keep an army for a thousand days-keep a diary, use troops for a while-write a composition, and it will come naturally! The third measure: keep brewing-conceiving, looking for a breakthrough-inspiration, and then write it down. Collecting accumulated materials, such as a pile of dry wood, needs the spark of inspiration to ignite; Collecting accumulated substances, such as a lot of pollen, must be brewed by bees to become honey; The materials collected and accumulated are also like a bag of rice, which must be processed by a clever woman to become delicious rice.
Therefore, the process of brewing-conceiving is the process of sorting out, selecting and integrating materials. When the conception is mature, it will naturally generate inspiration-the feelings that have been accumulated in the chest for a long time urgently need to be vented, and the unpleasant instantaneous impulse will not be unpleasant. People who care seize this fleeting moment and write it down.
The fourth measure: humbly ask for advice and constantly revise. Good article revision.
After writing a good composition, you are not satisfied, but you can't see where there is a flaw. You must find someone else to guide you. After listening to praise, it should be regarded as encouragement to yourself; After listening to criticism, change it if you have it, and encourage it if you don't.
If you do this often, you will continue to improve your writing. However, it is not a long-term solution to completely rely on others to revise your composition. Learning to revise your own composition is the key to writing a good composition.
The fifth trick: the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice", which explains the importance of accumulation in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room.
(A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article.
Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading.
Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life.
At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the common spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully. (2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials.
Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it.
The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes.
When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood.
(3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article.
The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank".
There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain."
Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon.
It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms.
In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand. The sixth trick: You should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice" in your composition, and explain the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects.
"Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary".
Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups.
There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards.
The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the common spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article.
Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials.
Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record it in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes.