Cai Yuanpei in modern times

(1868-1940) a democratic revolutionary and educator in modern China. The courtesy name is Heqing and the nickname is Jie Min. He is a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He was a Jinshi of Guangxu and was awarded the title of Shujishi of the Hanlin Academy, and was supplemented and revised. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, he felt deeply that the Qing government was corrupt and incompetent, so he abandoned his official position and returned south, where he began to engage in education and revolutionary activities. When the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937, Shanghai fell and he moved to Hong Kong. He later died of illness in Hong Kong. Its main educational ideas are: (1) Proposed the famous educational policy of liberal harmonious development, believing that in order to cultivate a "sound personality", one must receive education in five aspects under the guidance of "*** and spirit": That is, military and national education, materialism education, citizen moral education, worldview education and aesthetic education can be completed. (2) Advocating the school-running ideology of "freedom of thought, academic freedom, and inclusiveness". (3) Emphasis on developing individuality and advocating nature. In order to fully develop students' personalities and talents, it is emphasized that they must have the spirit of "automatic", "self-study" and "self-help" and prevent "injection" teaching methods. (4) Pay attention to labor education, civilian education and women’s education. It also supports “work-study” and “work-study mutual aid” activities. His works include "The Complete Works of Cai Yuanpei".

Hu Shi Modern

(1891-1962) Modern Chinese scholar and educator. The courtesy name is Shizhi, a native of Jixi, Anhui. In his early years, he studied at Shanghai Meixi Academy, Chengzhong Academy and China Public School. Went to the United States to study in 1910. He studied at Cornell University and Columbia University, studied under Dewey, and received a doctorate in philosophy. Claiming to be "extremely influenced by Mr. Dewey's experimentalist philosophy", pragmatism is "a guide in his life and thinking".

He participated in a wide range of academic activities throughout his life and wrote specialized works in philosophy, literature, history and education. In terms of education, he advocated the reformist theory of educational salvation, requiring students to "study with peace of mind" and immerse themselves in "reading to save the country," and opposed students' participation in revolutionary movements. At the same time, we strive to promote pragmatic educational theories and methods. He attaches special importance to the construction and planning of higher education and believes that higher education is the center of national academic research. His major works include "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy" (Volume 1), "History of Vernacular Literature" (Volume 1) and "Hu Shi Wen Cun".

Liang Qichao Modern

(1873-1929) a modern Chinese thinker and educator. The courtesy name is Zhuoru and the nickname is Ren Gong. He was a native of Xinhui County, Guangdong.

Wang Guowei Modern

(1877-1927) Modern Chinese scholar and educator. The courtesy name is Jing'an and the nickname is Guantang. He is from Haining, Zhejiang Province. He studied in Japan, and after returning to China, he taught psychology and ethics in Tongzhou and Suzhou Normal Schools in 1903. In 1922, he served as the communications tutor of the Chinese Studies Department of the Peking University Research Institute. In 1925, he was appointed as a professor at Tsinghua Research Institute. Early introduction to Western philosophy, aesthetics, education and psychology. In terms of educational thought, in the history of Chinese education, it was the first person to clearly state that the purpose of education is to cultivate "complete people" with multi-faceted development of moral, intellectual, aesthetic and physical education. Emphasis is placed on both theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge. Believes that education should be centered on morality. He earlier proposed that aesthetic education should be listed as an official subject in schools. Its educational propositions mainly include: (1) Universities should be established as places for academic research; (2) Universities should assume the responsibility of cultivating the younger generation of theoretical academic talents; academics should be free and independent, etc. (3) Pay attention to the training of teachers, emphasizing the need to run higher education well to enrich the teachers in middle schools; run middle schools and teacher education well to enrich the teachers in primary schools. His writings are prolific, covering education, philosophy, literature, history, paleography, archaeology and other aspects, mainly included in the "Posthumous Notes of Mr. Wang Jing'an of Haining". The translation of the Japanese work "The World of Education" by Saburo Hanaki is the first foreign pedagogy introduced in China.

Ma Yinchu Modern

(1882-1982) Chinese modern economist and educator. A native of Chengxian County, Zhejiang Province. He graduated from Peiyang University in 1906, studied at Yale University in the United States, and received a doctorate in economics from Columbia University in the United States in 1915.

He has successively served as member of the Central People's Government, vice chairman of the East China Military and Political Commission, deputy director of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Government Affairs Council, member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, president of Zhejiang University, and president of Peking University. He is a representative and member of the Standing Committee of the First, Second and Fifth National People's Congress, a member of the First to Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Second and Fourth Standing Committee, and the Honorary President of the Demographic Society of China. In 1958, he published "New Theory of Population" and was criticized. In September 1979, his reputation was restored and he was appointed as the honorary president of Peking University. He has loved education and youth all his life, and proposed that young students should be educated from the perspective of all-round development, not only to enable them to have rich scientific knowledge, but also to enable them to have noble thoughts, strong bodies and preliminary work abilities. He is the author of "Ma Yinchu's Speeches", "New Population Theory", "Ma Yinchu's Selected Economic Papers", etc.

Tao Xingzhi Modern

(1891-1946) a modern Chinese educator. His original name was Wen Jun, also known as Zhixing. A native of Shexian County, Anhui Province. In 1910, he entered the liberal arts department of Jinling University, went to the United States to study in 1914, and received a master's degree in politics from the University of Illinois in 1915. In April 1946, he returned to Shanghai to engage in the anti-civil war and anti-dictatorship democratic movement.

He died of cerebral hemorrhage in July of the same year. Mao Zedong called him a great people's educator. He has written many works, which have been compiled into "The Complete Works of Tao Xingzhi" (six volumes).